河南专升本英语翻译部分省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

专升本英语翻译部分专升本英语翻译部分包含英译汉和汉译英包含英译汉和汉译英第1页纲领要求n第四部分：翻译（第四部分：翻译（Part IV Translation),共共10题，考试时间为题，考试时间为20分钟。这一部分包含两节。分钟。这一部分包含两节。nA节（节（Section A）为英语译汉语，有）为英语译汉语，有5题，要题，要求将阅读了解材料中标号求将阅读了解材料中标号5个画线句子译成汉个画线句子译成汉语。本节测试目标是检验学生对惯用句型和词语。本节测试目标是检验学生对惯用句型和词语综合了解和利用能力。语综合了解和利用能力。nB节（节（Section B）为汉译英，给出）为汉译英，给出5个单句或个单句或包含包含5个句子短文。本节测试目标是检验考生个句子短文。本节测试目标是检验考生实际利用语言综合能力。实际利用语言综合能力。第2页翻译技巧做好翻译关键在于了解英汉两种语言差做好翻译关键在于了解英汉两种语言差异，把握两种语言不一样用语习惯，按异，把握两种语言不一样用语习惯，按照照“忠实忠实”，“通顺通顺”两大标准，是译两大标准，是译文尽可能多反应原文信息。英汉两种语文尽可能多反应原文信息。英汉两种语言在结构上存在较大差异。应注意以下言在结构上存在较大差异。应注意以下几点：几点：第3页注意事项n英语信息重点在前，汉语信息重点在后。英语信息重点在前，汉语信息重点在后。nYou will lose your chance if you dont take action right now.n假如不马上采取行动，你就会坐失良机。假如不马上采取行动，你就会坐失良机。n英语多用复合长句。，汉语多用简单短句。英语多用复合长句。，汉语多用简单短句。nChilly gusts with a taste of rain in them had almost dispeopled the streets.n阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什阵阵寒风，带着雨意，街上冷冷清清，几乎没有什么行人了么行人了第4页注意事项n英语多被动，汉语多主动英语多被动，汉语多主动nHe was asked by the local government to set up an injuries center at the hospital.n当地政府要求他在医院创建一个创伤医疗中心。当地政府要求他在医院创建一个创伤医疗中心。n英语属静态语言，汉语属动态语言英语属静态语言，汉语属动态语言nThat would be the confirmation that it was in general use.n这证实它使用是十分普遍。这证实它使用是十分普遍。第5页英译汉将英语译为汉语，需要注意两个层将英语译为汉语，需要注意两个层面，一个词汇，一个句法。另外，面，一个词汇，一个句法。另外，句法中着重于从句。句法中着重于从句。第6页词汇翻译n词义选择。依据上下文关系和本身搭配，选择正确词词义选择。依据上下文关系和本身搭配，选择正确词义。义。nIt is quite another story now.n现在情况完全不一样了。现在情况完全不一样了。n nThis story is very interesting.n这个故事很有趣。这个故事很有趣。nThe war is becoming the most important story of this generation.n这场战争将成为这代人生命中最重大事件了。这场战争将成为这代人生命中最重大事件了。第7页词汇翻译n词义引申词义引申 ndelicate skin 娇嫩皮肤娇嫩皮肤 ndelicate porcelain 精巧瓷器精巧瓷器 ndelicate health 虚弱健康虚弱健康 ndelicate stomach轻易吃坏胃轻易吃坏胃 第8页词汇翻译n词义选择。依据上下文关系和本身搭配，选择正确词义选择。依据上下文关系和本身搭配，选择正确 词义褒贬词义褒贬 注意感情色彩。注意感情色彩。nMy brothers ambition is becoming a pilot.n Hitlers ambition is to conquest the world.第9页词汇翻译n词义转换词义转换 英语在表示上多用名词，形容词，介词，而英语在表示上多用名词，形容词，介词，而汉语多用动词，副词汉语多用动词，副词 nThe very sight of it makes me nervous n一看到他，我就感到担心。一看到他，我就感到担心。nIndependent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.n学习中必须进行独立思索。（学习中必须进行独立思索。（.59）第10页英文句式翻译n增词法增词法 nThey say her father was a worker in the small company.Maybe he was as poor as us.n听人说，以前她父亲在一个小工厂里当工人。他那时听人说，以前她父亲在一个小工厂里当工人。他那时可能和我们现在一样穷。可能和我们现在一样穷。n减词法减词法 nHe put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.n他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。第11页英文句式翻译n调整语序调整语序 经常需要把英文中位于主要信息之后次要经常需要把英文中位于主要信息之后次要信息前移。信息前移。n定语前移定语前移 nThis is the best solution imaginable.n这是能想到最好处理方法。这是能想到最好处理方法。n状语前移状语前移 nHe had to quit the position and went to exile,having been deprived of his power.n他被剥夺了权力，只好离职，流落异乡。他被剥夺了权力，只好离职，流落异乡。第12页英文句式翻译n拆分法拆分法 nThey,not unexpectedly,did not respond.n他们没有回复，这完全是意料之中事。他们没有回复，这完全是意料之中事。n融正当融正当 nWe look forward to the day when the scientists can discover more secrets of the universe.n我们期待有一天科学家们能揭开更多宇宙奥秘。我们期待有一天科学家们能揭开更多宇宙奥秘。第13页被动语态n译成汉语主动句译成汉语主动句 nOn the contrary,both their knowledge and experience are enriched.n相反，他们知识和经验更丰富了。相反，他们知识和经验更丰富了。nBy the end of the war more than people had been saved by the organization.n到战争结束时，这个组织拯救了到战争结束时，这个组织拯救了多人生命。多人生命。n To explore the moons surface,rockets were launched into the space again and again.n为了探测月球表面，人们不停向太空发射火箭。为了探测月球表面，人们不停向太空发射火箭。(.56)第14页被动语态n译成汉语无主句，主要用于翻译被动句译成汉语无主句，主要用于翻译被动句 nThe use of satellite makes it possible to observe the universe much better.n利用卫星能够更加好地观察宇宙。利用卫星能够更加好地观察宇宙。第15页被动语态n借助借助“被，由，让，为，遭，加，给予，为被，由，让，为，遭，加，给予，为 所所”等等词译为汉语被动句词译为汉语被动句 nNuclear power has been known to the scientist for a long time.n核能为科学家们所认识已经有很长时间了。核能为科学家们所认识已经有很长时间了。n译成汉语判断句译成汉语判断句 nIn addition,not all the technology is based on science.n另外，并不是全部技术都是以科学为基础。另外，并不是全部技术都是以科学为基础。第16页必定是否定n有些词汇本身带有否定意味，比如；有些词汇本身带有否定意味，比如；avoid,before,beyond,deny,escape.nIt was beyond his power to sign such a contract.n他无权签署这种协议。他无权签署这种协议。(.65)第17页必定是否定n双重否定双重否定 nIts significance and importance can never be overemphasized.n关于这一点意义和主要性，怎么强调也不为过。关于这一点意义和主要性，怎么强调也不为过。n特殊结构特殊结构 nAll that glitters is not gold.n发光不都是金子。发光不都是金子。(.65)nNobody is admitted without permission.未经允许，任何人不得入内。未经允许，任何人不得入内。第18页主语从句n主语从句包含信息为主要信息，位于句首。主语从句包含信息为主要信息，位于句首。nWhat he told me was only half-truth.n他告诉我只是半真半假东西而已。（他告诉我只是半真半假东西而已。（.58）第19页主语从句形式主语形式主语It 与与accept,agree,argue,claim,report,say,suggest等动词连用，普通增补主语，或译为无主句。等动词连用，普通增补主语，或译为无主句。It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determined his character and later personality.人们普遍认为，孩子早年经历很大程度上决定了人们普遍认为，孩子早年经历很大程度上决定了他们性格和未来人品。他们性格和未来人品。第20页宾语和表语从句普通直译普通直译I understand that he is well qualified,but I feel that he needs more experience.我知我知道他很符合条件，不过我以为他还需经验。道他很符合条件，不过我以为他还需经验。（.62）I regard it an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeting.能被当选参加会议，我能被当选参加会议，我感带很荣幸感带很荣幸。事物并不总是如其表象事物并不总是如其表象 Things are not always as they seem to be.（.63）第21页同位语从句n同位语从句修饰名同位语从句修饰名词比如：词比如：hope,idea suggestion,statement nShe had no idea why she thought of him suddenly.n她不明白自己为何她不明白自己为何突然想起他来。突然想起他来。nHe expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.第22页定语从句n前置前置 nPollution is a pressing problem（which we must deal with right now）.n污染是我们现在就必须污染是我们现在就必须处理一个迫切问题。处理一个迫切问题。（.60；.56）n后置，定语太长时后置，定语太长时nIt is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle n是他接到那封信，是他接到那封信，说你叔叔逝世了说你叔叔逝世了（.65）。）。第23页状语从句n普通包含时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，目普通包含时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，目标，结果。多位于句首。标，结果。多位于句首。nNow all of us are here,lets start our meeting.n既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。既然大家都到了，我们开始开会吧。nShe sat behind me so that I could not see the expression on her face.n她坐在我身后，我看不到她表情。她坐在我身后，我看不到她表情。第24页汉译英方法类似于英译汉中使用方法。方法类似于英译汉中使用方法。第25页常见方法n对应法对应法n假如你不来，我就去看你。假如你不来，我就去看你。nIf you dont come here,I will go to visit you.n改译法改译法 n他提醒我们要注意身体他提醒我们要注意身体 nHe warned us to take care of ourselves。n增译法增译法 n不知你是否完成了任务。不知你是否完成了任务。n I wonder whether you have finished you task.n许多商店开展许多商店开展买一赠一买一赠一活动。活动。nMany departments provide service of“Buy One Get One Free”第26页常见方法 n省译法省译法 n你们需要是快速进步，而不是慢慢进步。你们需要是快速进步，而不是慢慢进步。nYou need rapid progress,not slow.n调整次序调整次序 n我能在这儿坐一会吗？我能在这儿坐一会吗？nCan I sit here for a while n好提议，谁来提都无所谓。好提议，谁来提都无所谓。nIf the suggestion is advisable,it does not matter who gives it.n不论晴天阴天，比赛按时进行。不论晴天阴天，比赛按时进行。nRain or shine,the match will go on time.第27页转换语态和正反对译n这座桥将在今年年底建成。这座桥将在今年年底建成。nThe construction of the bridge will be completed by the end of this year.n我还没来得及拦住她，她就向大家宣告了这个我还没来得及拦住她，她就向大家宣告了这个消息消息nBefore I could stop her,she shouted the news to everyone.n当初女孩子没有受教育机会。当初女孩子没有受教育机会。nGirls were denied the chance to education at that time.第28页惯用词组第29页惯用句型nNotuntil.句型句型 n 1.She did not go to bed until her mother came back.n她直到她妈妈回来才上床睡觉。她直到她妈妈回来才上床睡觉。n2.Tom did not watch TV until he finished his homework.（.68）n3.Not until the beginning of the twentieth century did the human beings learn to prevent the disease from spreading.n直到二十世纪初，人类才学会防治疾病传输直到二十世纪初，人类才学会防治疾病传输。第30页It is reported/said/estimated that nIt is reported that foreign insurance companies has entered into nineteen Chinese cities so far.（.59）n据报道，迄今为止，外国保险企业已打入中国据报道，迄今为止，外国保险企业已打入中国19个城市个城市。n据预计，已经有据预计，已经有100多万人从这个工程中受益多万人从这个工程中受益nIts estimated that more than 1 million people had been benefited from this project.（.76）第31页It is necessary/important for sb to do sthn我们有必要了解一些英语国家和中国文化差异。我们有必要了解一些英语国家和中国文化差异。nIt is necessary for us to learn/know some differences between some English speaking countries and China.（.70）n大学生学好英语很主要。大学生学好英语很主要。nIt is important for university students to learn English well.（.66）第32页比较级n你练得越刻苦，你取得进步就越大。你练得越刻苦，你取得进步就越大。nThe harder you practice,the greater progress you will make.（.70）n他在各方面都比我好他在各方面都比我好 nHe is much better than I in every aspect.nThis year they have made by far greater progress in business than they did last year.n他们今年业务进展比去年大得多（他们今年业务进展比去年大得多（.56）nThe people will pay two or three times as much as they used to pay for a house.n对于同一所房子，人们将要支付是往常支付钱数两三对于同一所房子，人们将要支付是往常支付钱数两三倍之多。倍之多。.57（倍数）（倍数）第33页Be likely to nThe words and phrases given in this dictionary are those that are likely to be needed by every person.(.56)n本词典词条所列，都是每个人极可能用得上单本词典词条所列，都是每个人极可能用得上单词和词组。词和词组。第34页 not.but.(no.but.)n假如你想取得成功，除了努力工作以外别无选假如你想取得成功，除了努力工作以外别无选择。择。nThere is no other choices but hard-working if you want to be successful(.77)第35页It seems thatnIt seems strange that in the past ten years Mike and I might just as well have been in different worlds.n看起来很奇怪是，在过去十年里，麦克看起来很奇怪是，在过去十年里，麦克和我可能恰好在不一样世界里。（和我可能恰好在不一样世界里。（.57）第36页 in spite of.nIn spite of differences of opinion,we share a common interest in the peace of the world.n尽管意见有分歧，我们对维护世界和平有着共同尽管意见有分歧，我们对维护世界和平有着共同利益。利益。第37页Although/butn尽管警察怀疑这名年轻人，但没有足够证尽管警察怀疑这名年轻人，但没有足够证据证实他就是犯罪。据证实他就是犯罪。nAlthough this young person is under suspicion,there is no proof to show he is the criminal.(.80)第38页 depend onn使我们自己所为和所不为决定着我们未来。使我们自己所为和所不为决定着我们未来。nOur future depends on what we ourselves should do or not do.(.61)n我们能否出行取决于天气。我们能否出行取决于天气。nOur trip is dependent on the weather.(depends on)(模拟模拟1.64)第39页So.thatn汤姆筋疲力尽，看着书竟睡着了。汤姆筋疲力尽，看着书竟睡着了。nTom was so worn out that he fell asleep while reading a book.第40页sb have the/no little chance of there is little chance of nHe has no chance of passing the examination.He never goes his lesson.n他绝没有及格可能，因为他从来不复习功课。他绝没有及格可能，因为他从来不复习功课。nThere is little chance of our coming to business because of the big differences between our pricen因为双方价格悬殊，我们恐怕极难达成协议。因为双方价格悬殊，我们恐怕极难达成协议。第41页Scarcely/hardlywhen刚一.就.nHe had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read.n他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。（他把信一交给我，就叫我念给他听。（.61）nI had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.n我一到家天就下起雨来我一到家天就下起雨来 nHardly had I got to the bus stop when the bus started.第42页Everything is possible第43页应试技巧n书写工整n不要犯低级错误，比如；首字母大写，简单词不要错，性别正确第44页试题特点n结构简单n题材很广n重点词汇n语言利用能力第45页基本方法n句子次序调整n分译n合译第46页试题n71.He never went outside；but he was sick of staying home and wanted to gou out for once第47页n他从来没出去过，他从来没出去过，但他厌倦了呆在家但他厌倦了呆在家里，想出去一次透里，想出去一次透透气。透气。第48页n73.In the United States,elementary and middle schools are advised to give students two and a half hours of physical activity a week.第49页n在美国，人们提议小在美国，人们提议小学和中学给学生两个学和中学给学生两个半小时体育时间。半小时体育时间。第50页n75.处理这些问题全凭经验nIt all depends on experiences to deal with these problems.第51页n77.请你帮我在纽约预定一个四星级宾馆房间好吗？第52页nCould you please help me to book a room in a four-star hotel in New York？第53页n78.我们两国之间已经有贸易关系。第54页nThere have been a trade relationship between us two countries for 10 years.第55页n79.整套设备能够在几个小整套设备能够在几个小时内安装完成时内安装完成第56页nThe complete set of equipment can be fixed within several hours.第57页n80.我们试验现在已经到了最终我们试验现在已经到了最终也是最主要一个阶段。也是最主要一个阶段。第58页nOur experiment has come to the last and the most important stage.第59页第60页