牛津译林模块六第二单元MUGrammarandusage语法市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

第1页第2页在前一个单元，我们回顾了非谓语在前一个单元，我们回顾了非谓语动词在句子中充当主语、定语和宾动词在句子中充当主语、定语和宾语补足语时所表示意义，以及他们语补足语时所表示意义，以及他们在充当这些句子成份时区分。这节在充当这些句子成份时区分。这节课，我们接着学习非谓语动词另一课，我们接着学习非谓语动词另一句法功效句法功效作状语作状语。第3页Tolearntoidentifynon-finiteverbsusedasadverbialsTolearnthedifferencesbetweentoinfinitiveandverb-ing/verb-edwhenusedasadverbialsTolearndifferentformsofnon-finiteverbs第5页Infinitive,verb-ingandverb-edNon-finiteverbsareoftenusedasadverbials.Whatarethehiddenmeaningsdotheyusuallyexpress?Arethereanydifferenceswhentheyareusedasadverbials?Dotheyhaveanyotherforms?ReadthepointsonPage24.Youwillfindtheanswers.第6页动词不定式作状语动词不定式作状语不定式作状语时，要注意不定式逻辑不定式作状语时，要注意不定式逻辑主语应与句子主语保持一致。主语应与句子主语保持一致。(1)做目标状语做目标状语可单独出现，或以可单独出现，或以inorderto+动词原形、动词原形、soasto+动词原形等形式做目标状语，可动词原形等形式做目标状语，可置于句首，意为置于句首，意为“为了为了”，如：，如：Tocatchthebus,youmustgetupearly.=Inordertocatchthebus=Youmustgetupearlysoastocatch第7页(2)做结果或程度状语做结果或程度状语常以常以enoughto或或tooto等形式出现，等形式出现，并能转换成并能转换成sothat句式。如：句式。如：LiuMeiwasluckyenoughtoreceivemanybooksfromProjectHope.=LiuMeiwassoluckythatshereceivedmanybooksfromProjectHope.Hewastooyoungtoliftthatbox.=Hewassoyoungthathecannotliftthatbox.第8页Couldyoubesokindastoclosethewindow?Withpleasure.Iamsuchafoolastothinkthatsheisawarm-heartedwoman.Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft.第9页(3)做原因状语做原因状语惯用在惯用在sorry,glad,surprised,pleased,angry等词后说明产生这种情绪原因，等词后说明产生这种情绪原因，或表示没有预料到、事与愿违结果，或表示没有预料到、事与愿违结果，不定式要放在句子后面，若不定式为不定式要放在句子后面，若不定式为不及物动词，其后应加必要介词。如：不及物动词，其后应加必要介词。如：Imsorrytohearaboutyourfailureonbusiness.Hewillbesogladtoseeyouhere.第10页分词作状语分词作状语1.分词或分词短语作状语时，能够表示分词或分词短语作状语时，能够表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随状语。通常能够转换成对应状语从句。状语。通常能够转换成对应状语从句。表示方式或伴随情况时能够转换成并列表示方式或伴随情况时能够转换成并列或非限制性定语从句。如：或非限制性定语从句。如：PutintouseinApril(=WhenitwasputintouseinApril),thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.(时间时间)第11页Blamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork(=Becauseshewasblamedforthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork),Alicewasinlowspirits.(原因原因)Giventime(=Ifheisgiventime),hellmakeafirst-classtennisplayer.(条件条件)Weoftenprovideourchildrenwithtoys,thinkingthatallchildrenlikethem.(=andthinkthat)(伴随伴随)第12页2.有时为了强调，分词前可带有时为了强调，分词前可带when,while,once,if,though,although,asif,unless等连词一起作状语，方便句子意等连词一起作状语，方便句子意思更清楚、更连贯。如：思更清楚、更连贯。如：Whencomparingdifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.thoughtired,hestillcontinuedreading.第13页3.现在分词和过去分词作状语时区分：现在分词和过去分词作状语时区分：不论是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状不论是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。语，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个对应状语分词作状语通常可转换成一个对应状语从句或并列句，假如状语分句或并列句从句或并列句，假如状语分句或并列句中谓语动词为中谓语动词为被动结构被动结构，就用，就用过去分词过去分词；假如状语分句或并列句中谓语动词为假如状语分句或并列句中谓语动词为主主动结构动结构，就用，就用现在分词现在分词。比如：。比如：第14页Whencomparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth,thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(分词部分相当于分词部分相当于Whenthebiggestoceaniscomparedwiththesizeofthewholeearth,主语与分词是被动关系。主语与分词是被动关系。)Whencomparingitwiththesizeofthewholeearth,wefindthatthebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.(Whenwecompareitwiththesizeofthewholeearth主语与分词是主动关系。主语与分词是主动关系。)第15页4.现在分词两种现在分词两种时态时态：普通式：普通式doing，通，通常指与主句谓语动词所表示动作同时发常指与主句谓语动词所表示动作同时发生或无先后次序生或无先后次序;完成式完成式havingdone则则强调分词所表示动作先于谓语动词所表强调分词所表示动作先于谓语动词所表示动作。如：示动作。如：Whilewalkinginthestreet,wemetsomefriendsofours.(同时发生同时发生)Havingwaitedinthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(“等候等候”在先在先)第16页5.分词完成式两种语态：主动语态分词完成式两种语态：主动语态havingdone；被动语态；被动语态havingbeendone。Havingbeentrappedintraffic,hewaslateforwork.6.分词否定式组成分词否定式组成:not+分词。分词。Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.Notrepairedwell,thewashingmachinestoppedworkingagain.第17页7.分词分词独立主格结构独立主格结构是分词一个特殊形是分词一个特殊形式，在句中作状语。在分词独立主格结式，在句中作状语。在分词独立主格结构中，名词或代词同其后分词在逻辑上构中，名词或代词同其后分词在逻辑上有有主谓主谓关系时用关系时用现在分词现在分词；在逻辑上有；在逻辑上有动宾动宾关系时用关系时用过去分词过去分词。在独立主格结。在独立主格结构中，假如强调分词时间发生在主句动构中，假如强调分词时间发生在主句动词时间之前，惯用现在分词完成时态表词时间之前，惯用现在分词完成时态表示。示。如：如：Wintercoming,itsgettingcolderandcolder.(winter和和come是逻辑主谓关系是逻辑主谓关系)第18页Moremoneygiven,weshouldhavesentmoreemployeestothemothercompanytogettrained.(句中句中money与与give是动宾关是动宾关系，所以用过去分词系，所以用过去分词)Thesnowhavingstopped,shewentouttosweepthesnowintheyard.(强调分词动作发生在先强调分词动作发生在先)注：在独立结构中，现在分词完成式有时注：在独立结构中，现在分词完成式有时能够简化成过去分词。能够简化成过去分词。Hisworkhavingbeenfinished/Hisworkfinished,hewenthome.第19页8.一些习惯表示作插入语，起评注说明一些习惯表示作插入语，起评注说明作用，使用方法固定，无须考虑逻辑上作用，使用方法固定，无须考虑逻辑上关系，惯用有：关系，惯用有：generallyspeaking,considering,given,supposingthat,talkingof,seeingthat(鉴于鉴于)等。等。eg.Consideringeverything,itwasntabadholiday.Supposingthattherewaswar,whatwouldyoudo?第20页Summarizetheusageofnon-finiteverbsto infini-tivev-ingV-ed being+v-edhaving+v-edhaving been+v-ed主语主语宾语宾语表语表语第21页to infini-tivev-ingV-ed being+v-edhaving+v-edhaving been+v-ed宾补宾补定语定语状语状语第22页Reflection time1.Toinfinitivecanbeusedtoexpress2._whenitisusedasanadverbialinasentence.3.2.Verb-ingorverb-edcanbeusedtoexpress_whenusedasadverbialsinsentences.4.3.Theperfectformofverb-ingis_andthepassiveformis_.第23页请点击请点击第24页1.Tobeagreatscientist,_.A.mathsisveryimportantB.mathsismoreimportantthanothersubjectsC.onemustunderstandmathsD.mathsisimportanttobeunderstoodQuiz I:Multiple choice.第25页2._someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.FollowedB.FollowedbyC.BeingfollowedD.Havingbeenfollowed3.Therewasaterriblenoise_thesuddenburstoflight.A.followedB.followingC.tobefollowedD.beingfollowed第26页4._,liquidscanbechangedintogases.A.HeatingB.TobeheatedC.HeatedD.Heat5.Dontusewords,expressions,orphrases_onlytopeoplewithspecialknowledge.1.A.beingknown2.B.havingbeenknown3.C.tobeknownD.known第27页6._inthought,healmostranintothecarinfront.A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolose7._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetoclearuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered第28页8.Thevisitorexpressedhissatisfaction,_thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.added1.9.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes2._andhishands_.A.beingclosed；tremblingB.closed；tremblingC.closed；trembledD.closing；trembled第29页10.Unless_tospeak,youshouldremainsilentatthemeeting.A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.havinginvitedD.beinginvited11.Though_money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin第30页12.Theweather_sobad,wehadtoputthegameoff.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being13.Thecountryhasalreadysentup3unmannedspacecrafts,themostrecent_attheendoflastMarch.A.hasbeenlaunchedB.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched第31页QuizII:同义转换，每空一词。同义转换，每空一词。1.TheboxissoheavythatIcantcarryit.Theboxis_heavy_carry.Theboxisnot_formetocarry.2.ThemathsproblemissodifficultthatIcantworkitout.Themathsproblemis_difficult_workout.tooformetolightenoughtooformeto第32页3.IfIwasgivenmoretime,Icoulddoitmuchbetter._moretime,Icoulddoitmuchbetter.4.AsaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers._,heisalwayshelpingothers.GivenBeingaLeaguemember第33页1.If_(加热加热)toahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapour.2._(从太空望去从太空望去),theearthisawater-coveredglobe.3._(在她话勉在她话勉励下励下)theboysaidsorrytohisteacher.Quiz III:Complete the sentences.heatedSeenfromthespaceEncouragedbyherwords第34页4.Heworkeddayandnight_(为了挣钱为了挣钱).5._(告诉你实话吧告诉你实话吧),Idontlikethewayhetalked.6._(普通说来普通说来),girlsaremorecareful.7._(即使雨下得即使雨下得很大很大),itclearedupverysoon.8.Hearrivedlate_(却发觉火车开走了却发觉火车开走了).toearnthemoneyTotellyouthetruthThoughrainingheavilyGenerallyspeakingtofindthetraingone第35页TopreviewTaskwritinganarticleaboutproblemsandsolutionsSkillsbuilding1:recognizingwordsthatexpressproblemsSkillsbuilding2:breakingabigquestionintosmalleronesSkillsbuilding3:presentingsolutions第36页1.DotheexerciseonPage25.2.DotheexercisesC1andC2onPage107ofyourworkbook.第37页Answers(P25)1.tolearnhowtoski2.Accompaniedbyanexperiencedskiinstructor3.Thinkingthatsheknewhowtoskiwell4.whileskiingdownhill5.Althoughnotexpectingtrouble第38页6.Havingbeencheckedatthenearesthospital7.Hearingthenews8.Notknowinghowseriousthesituationwas9.Arrivingatthehospital10.ifproperlytreated第39页第40页