英美概况英文美国历史省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

HistoryPart One History of the United States I Introduction to British and American Culture第1页Learning FocusColumbus and the New World American Indians The MayflowerThe War of IndependenceThe American Civil War Introduction to British and American Culture第2页Warm-upThink about the following questions.1.Who are the original American people?_2.Do you know where the name“America”came from?_3.Which American holidays do you know?_ Introduction to British and American Culture第3页Colonization of North AmericaAmerican IndiansThe Discovery of America The First Permanent English ColonyThe Mayflower The Founding of the Thirteen Colonies Introduction to British and American Culture第4页American IndiansAbout 25,000 years agoDescendants of Asian people-Mongoloid The name“Indians”was given by Christopher Columbus.Introduction to British and American Culture第5页American IndiansThe Bering Strait was tied together It was possible to for the Indians to walk from Asia to Alaska 25000 years ago.Introduction to British and American Culture第6页American IndiansWere skilled hunters and fishermenDeveloped the brilliant American civilizations of the Aztecs,the Incas and the Mayas.Introduction to British and American Culture第7页The Discovery of America Columbus In 1492,Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands.Columbus called the local people Indians.Introduction to British and American Culture第8页Amerigo VespucciHe first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered.The New World was named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci.Introduction to British and American Culture第9页The First Permanent English Colony In 1607Three ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed by the side of a river-the James River.The first English colony was founded at Jamestown,Virginia.Introduction to British and American Culture第10页The Mayflower SignificanceA symbol of early European colonization of the AmericasBackground oppressed by the Church of England In 1620102 people sailed in a ship named the“Mayflower”.Landed in Plymouth,Massachusetts Introduction to British and American Culture第11页Thanksgiving Day The 4th Thursday of NovemberA purely American holiday Origin The Indians taught the Englishmen how to plant pumpkins,beans and corn.A celebration was held to give thanks to God.Introduction to British and American Culture第12页The Founding of the Thirteen ColoniesDuring the first 150 years,the British colonies in North America became a“melting pot”.By the early 1760s,English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.Introduction to British and American Culture第13页The Birth of the United States nThe Conflict between Britain and the American Colonists nThe War of Independence Introduction to British and American Culture第14页The Conflict between Britain and the American ColonistsnBackgroundqThe British government started imposing new taxes on sugar,coffee and textiles.qThey passed many laws such as the Quartering Act and the Stamp Act.Introduction to British and American Culture第15页Boston Tea Party nBackground qIn 1773,British government passed a new law-the Tea Act.nSlogan q“No taxation without representation”nTime qDecember 16,1773 nEvent qA group of Americans threw 342 boxes of tea into Boston Harbour.Introduction to British and American Culture第16页The War of IndependencenApril 19,1775qA shot was fired in the village of Lexington and thus the War of Independence began.nMay,1775qThe Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia and began to take on the function of a national government.nJuly 4,1776qDeclaration of Independence was adopted.Introduction to British and American Culture第17页The War of IndependenceTimeOn October 19,1781 Result The British soldiers were forced to surrender.Consequences George Washington became the first President.The 4th of July became the national holiday of America-the Independence Day.Introduction to British and American Culture第18页Complete a Timeline1763:The French and Indian War ended 1773:_1774:The First Continental Congress 1775:_1776:_ 1781:_ Boston Tea Party/Tea ActThe War of Independence beganDeclaration of Independence was adoptedThe War of Independence ended Introduction to British and American Culture第19页The American Civil War nNorthern vs.SouthernnUncle Toms Cabin nAbraham Lincoln Introduction to British and American Culture第20页Northern vs.SouthernThree significant conflicts between the North and South of America.The slave problemDifferent economic interestsThe political conflictMajor issueSlavery Introduction to British and American Culture第21页Northern vs.SouthernThe Southern states Claimed for themselves the Confederate States(or the Confederacy)Slavery continuedThe Northern StatesFought to maintain the UnionCalled the Union States Slavery had been abolished Introduction to British and American Culture第22页Northern vs.SouthernIssuesSouthern StatesNorthern StatesEconomyPlantations_centerSlavery_AbolishedPolitical powerMore powerful_ powerfulSupportThe Confederacy_Manufacturing Continued Less The Union Introduction to British and American Culture第23页Uncle Toms CabinPublished in 1852By Harriet Beecher StoweSignificance Became the best-selling novel of the 19th century in America.Aroused a great discontent over slavery.Introduction to British and American Culture第24页Abraham Lincoln March 1861-took the office of the president.April 12,1861-the Civil War began.September 22,1862-issued the Emancipation Proclamationwhich granted freedom to about 4 million slaves.Made a famous speech in Gettysburg.Introduction to British and American Culture第25页The Civil Waron April 9,1865The Civil War officially ended with the unconditional surrender of the South.Consequence It resolved two fundamental issues:Slavery was completely abolished;America became a single and stronger nation.Introduction to British and American Culture第26页US in the Two World Wars After World War IChanged from a debtor nation to a creditor nationAmerican industry reached a degree of prosperity unparalleled in the past.After World War IIBecame the strongest power in the world Introduction to British and American Culture第27页Learning FocusAmerican IndiansColumbus and the New World The MayflowerThe War of IndependenceThe American Civil War Introduction to British and American Culture第28页Thank You!第29页