英语语音语调节奏重音省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

为何我英语不自然？为何我英语不自然？“I got every sound exact and correct,but still,it doesnt sound right.”If that is the problem,then this lecture might hopefully be a solution.第1页主要内容主要内容l一、语句重音l二、停顿、意群、气群l三、英语中节奏l四、英语语气第2页一、语句重音一、语句重音l语句重音指是人们在朗诵连贯语句时，哪些词要重读哪些词不要重读规则。l普通规则重读不重读l注意注意第3页普通规则（一）：哪些词重读普通规则（一）：哪些词重读l在连贯语句中通常需要重读词有：1.名词、2.形容词、3.数词、4.实义动词、5.副词、6.一些代词（指示代词等）、7.疑问词、8.叹词。l这条规则能够总结为：实词重读实词重读第4页1.名词名词 nounlAn elephant is an animal.lIm a teacher.第5页2.形容词形容词 adjectivelShes beautiful.lHer skirt is blue and white.第6页3.数词数词 numerallI have two brothers.lJohn is nine.第7页4.实义动词实义动词 notional verblShe sings well.lMary loves her dolls.第8页5.副词副词 adverblHe speaks English slowly and carefully.第9页6.一些代词（指示代词等）一些代词（指示代词等）pronounl1.指示代词 this,that,these,thoselThat boy over there is my cousin.l2.反身代词 myself,yourself,themselves.lHe himself hurt his own foot.第10页l3.不定代词 some,every,all,both,none,other,many,few,somebody,something.lEverybody was late.lSome are red;some are blue.第11页7.疑问词疑问词l1.疑问代词 what,which,who,whom,whoselWhat would you like to eat？l2.疑问副词 when,where,howlWhen did you get there?第12页8.叹词（叹词（interjection）lOh,its snowing.lMy,what a downpour!lHey,thats a nice shot!lDear me!第13页普通规则（二）：哪些词不重读普通规则（二）：哪些词不重读l在连贯语句中通常不重读词有：l1.冠词、2.代词（人称、物主、关系代词）、3.非实义动词、4.连词、5.介词。第14页1.冠词冠词lThis is a computer.lThe computer is my sisters.第15页2.代词（人称、物主、关系代词）代词（人称、物主、关系代词）lI am a teacher.lThey are my friends.lMy mother often helps me.lThe book that he is reading is mine.lDo you remember the girl whom we met at the party?第16页3.非实义动词非实义动词lJohn is studying Chinese.lThe meeting will be cancelled.lHe may not go to Shanghai tomorrow.lI used to go there.第17页4.连词连词land,or,for,but,as,than,if,when,while,since,now(that),as if,as though,etc.lI wont do it,for I dont think its right.lWill you stay home or stay with me?lHe works much harder than you.lHe came to see me but didnt stay long.第18页5.介词介词lat,by,for,from,of,in,to,into,etc.lI met him at the airport.lHes from Hong Kong.第19页注意注意l和单词重音不一样，语句重音并不是一成不变语音现象。依听说话时不一样心态、不一样着重点、不一样强调内容、不一样语气等能够使原来在句中应重读词失去重音，而原来不重读词却又成了重读词。第20页lA:I thought you were a student.lB:I am a student.l.and that government of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from the earth.第21页二、停顿、意群、气群二、停顿、意群、气群l为了使意思表示得更清楚，或者为了换气需要，人们在说话或朗诵时候，经常需要停顿（pausing）。l形式上，形式上，标点符号提醒停顿，而且提醒停顿长短。逗号、分号、冒号等停顿较短，句号停顿较长。l意义上，意义上，停顿和意群、气群亲密相关。第22页意群意群l一个句子能够按照意义和语法结构分为几个部分，每一个部分能够称为一个意群（sense group）。l从语义、语法上来讲，意群是能表示某种意思一个词，一组词，一个短语或一个分句，一个从句或一个主句。l从语气上来说，意群是能够用降调、升调或平调来朗诵一个语气单位。第23页Before 1949,I used to live in Hong Kong and worked as a teacher.l Before 1949/,lI used to live in Hong Kong/land worked as a teacher.意义单位语法单位l语气单位1949年前介词短语（状语）l升调（句子一部分，意思不完整）我住在香港主句（主语、谓语、状语）l升调（句子一部分，意思不完整）在香港教书主句第二部分降调（全句结束，意思完整）第24页意群语气意群语气l意群依据其在句中位置可分为句首、句中和句末意群三种。通常来说，句首和句中意群用升调，表示意思不完整，尚须往下听。l但假如句首或句中意群表意完整、语义主要，和后面部分联络并不亲密，就可用降调表示。第25页lHe put the letter into the envelope,/smoked a cigarette/and then walked out of his room.lWhen she learned that,/she was very angry/and decided to punish the man.第26页气群气群l凡是一口气能说完或读完一个句子或句子中一部分称为一个气群。一个气群普通包含若干个意群，气长人能够念完一个很长句子而不换气，但最短气群也不得少于一个意群。第27页lHurry up!/lTake it away./lBoth my brothers and I/are fond of music./lMary and her friend/had a big quarrel./lWhich is bigger,/an elephant/or a tiger?/第28页三、英语中节奏三、英语中节奏l先看例子：She studies every morning.She stu dies eve ry mor ning.l在朗诵时，重读音节要念得重些，长些，慢些（因而显得尤其响亮清楚）；非重读音节则要念得轻些、短些、快些（因而显得不是那么响亮清楚）。l这种自然形成轻重、长短、快慢等有规律交替就组成英语里基本节奏。第29页一个节奏群一个节奏群lIts fine.lIm busy.lHes a doctor.lTheres a letter for you.第30页两个节奏群两个节奏群lGo there.lI want to go.lI wanted to know.lI wanted you to know.lI wanted you to do it.lI wanted you to write to him.第31页lI think he did it carefully.lI wonder if hell ask me in advance.lThey said they had to go at once.lHow far is it from here to London?lWhere did you say you had put my glasses?第32页o olCome here.lLook out!lWhat for?lNo more.lSay“yes”.lAsk John.第33页o o olTry again.lNot enough.lLook inside.lDo it now.lNot so fast.lCut the bread.第34页o o o lI think so.lId like to.lOf course not.lIts early.lShes ready.lIm sorry.第35页o o o olIts possible.lHe wanted it.lTheyve finished it.lIve heard of it.lIve paid for it.lBe nice to her.la friend of mine.第36页 o o o olSend him away.lTerribly slow.lGive him a booklWhat is the time?lSing us a song.lThrow it away.第37页o o o o olIve eaten them all.lHe wanted us to.lI know what it is.lHe gave it to me.lWe had to do it.第38页o o o o o olI think it will be fine.lI wanted you to know.lYou ought to go to bed.lYou only have to try.lIll try to be in time.lHe didnt know the way.第39页o o o o o o olHe started to talk to me.lShe wanted to write to him.lIll borrow another one.lYoull get it on Sunday.lHe came on a bicycle.第40页四、英语语气四、英语语气l人们在说话或朗诵时，声音时升时降，时高时低。这种声音高低升降与句子重音结合在一起便组成英语语气。l英语里最基本语气有两种：降调和升调。句子末尾用下降语气叫降调。句子末尾用上升语气叫升调。第41页降、升调三个共同点降、升调三个共同点l1.句子中第一个重读音节声调最高。lBoth the children are playing outside.lBothl the child ren are l play ing outl side.第42页l2.第一个重读音节之前非重读音节声调低平。lHe should have asked how to do it.l askedl how tolHe should have do it 第43页l3.第一个重读音节之后其它重读音节，声调依次递降。lBoth the children are playing outside.lBothl the child ren are l play ing outl side.lHe promised to send a telepgram on his arrival.第44页降调特点降调特点l1.在最终一个重读音节上声调下降。Why are you so late?l2.最终一个重读音节后面非重读音节，其声调低平。Whats on at the cinema?第45页升调特点升调特点l1.假如句末是重读音节，声调就在这个音节上上升。Must you go?l2.假如句末是非重读音节，则在最终一个重读音节开始声调就须由低向上稍升，后面非重读音节声调再依次上升。Did you speak to him yesterday?第46页句中上升句中上升lI suppose it couldnt possibly happen again.lDid the postmanbring any letters today?lIm sorry I couldntquite make out what you were saying.lWe played tennis for an hour inspite of the rain.lMy eldest daughter has decided to take up accounting as a career.第47页