unit-5-African-Americans省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

Unit 5 The African Americans第1页Section C Post-readingQuestions:HowmuchdoyouknowabouttheAfricanAmericansindifferentfieldsofAmericansociety?e.g.political,sports,literature,entertainment,etc.第2页Toni Morrison(1931-)anAmericannovelist,editor,andprofessor.Hernovelsareknownfortheirepicthemes,vividdialogue,andrichlydetailedcharacters.Herthemes:TheterrorandtraumaofracialoppressionThecomplexbehavioroflivingundergenderandracialconflictsThepsychologyofsurvivalNobel Prize in Literature 1993(the first black woman to win it)Magic Realism第3页Novels The Bluest Eye(1970)Sula(1973)Song of Solomon(1977)NationalBookCriticsCircleAwardTar Baby(1981)Beloved(1987)PulitzerPrize&AmericanBookAwardJazz(1992)Paradise(1997)Love()A Mercy()Home()God Help the Child()第4页The Bluest Eye(1970)ItisMorrisonsfirstnovelandwaswrittenwhileshewasteachingatHowardUniversityandraisinghertwosonsonherown.ThestoryisaboutayearinthelifeofayoungblackgirlnamedPecolawhodevelopsaninferioritycomplexduetohereyecolorandskinappearance.第5页IttakesplaceagainstthebackdropofAmericasMidwestaswellasintheyearsfollowingtheGreatDepression.The Bluest EyeistoldfromtheperspectiveofClaudiaMacTeerasachildandanadult,aswellasfromathirdpersonomniscientviewpoint.Becauseofthecontroversialnatureofthebook,whichdealswithracism,incest,andchildmolestation,therehavebeennumerousattemptstobanitfromschoolsandlibraries.第6页ClaudiaandFriedaMacTeerliveinOhiowiththeirparents.TheMacTeerfamilytakestwootherpeopleintotheirhome,Mr.HenryandPecola.Pecolaisatroubledyounggirlwithahardlife.Herparentsareconstantlyfighting,bothphysicallyandverbally.Pecolaiscontinuallybeingtoldandremindedofwhatan“ugly”girlsheis,thusfuelingherdesiretobeagirlwithblueeyes.ThroughoutthenovelitisrevealedthatnotonlyhasPecolahadalifefullofhatredandhardships,butherparentshaveaswell.第7页Pecolasmother,Paulineonlyfeelsaliveandhappywhensheisworkingforarichwhitefamily.Herfather,Cholly,isadrunkwhowasleftwithhisauntwhenhewasyoungandranawaytofindhisfather,whowantednothingtodowithhim.BothPaulineandChollyeventuallylostthelovetheyoncehadforoneanother.WhilePecolaisdoingdishes,herfatherrapesher.Hismotivesareunclearandconfusing,seeminglyacombinationofbothloveandhate第8页ChollyfleesafterthesecondtimeherapesPecola,leavingherpregnant.IntheendPecolaschildisbornprematurelyanddies.ClaudiaandFriedagiveupthemoneytheyhadbeensavingandplantflowerseedsinhopesthatiftheflowersbloom,Pecolasbabywilllive;themarigoldsneverbloom.ThetitleThe Bluest EyeisbasedonPecolasferventwishesforbeautifulblueeyes.Herinsanityattheendofthenovelisheronlywaytoescapetheworldwhereshecannotbebeautifulandtogettheblueeyesshedesiresfromthebeginningofthenovel.第9页Song of Solomon(1977)ThisbookwontheNationalBooksCriticsAward,waschosenforOprahWinfreyspopularbookclub,andwascitedbytheSwedishAcademyinawardingMorrisonthe1993NobelPrizeinliterature.In1998,theRadcliffePublishingCoursenameditthe25thbestEnglish-languagenovelofthe20thcentury.第10页ItfollowsthelifeofMaconMilkmanDeadIII,anAfrican-AmericanmalelivinginMichigan,frombirthtoadulthood.BorninMichiganin1931bymiraculousmeans,Milkmanisagiftedchilduntilhelearnsattheageoffourthathumanscannotfly.Changedbythisrevelation,hegrowsupaspoiled,self-centeredchild.Tornbetweenthemagical,spiritualworldofhisfatherssister,Pilate,andthatofhisgreedyproperty-owningfatherMaconDead,MilkmanfollowsinthefootstepsofhisfatherandbecomesMaconsassistant.Burdenedbyhisparentsunspeakableconfidencesandtroubledbyhislovelesshousehold,heseekssolaceathisAuntPilatesandbyspendingtimewithhisbestfriend,GuitarBains.第11页Livingaspoiled,infantileexistenceuntiltheageof31,Milkmanssolereasonforbeingistoseekpleasure.Aftera14-yearrelationshipwithPilatesgranddaughter,Hagar,Milkmandecidestoendit.Hagarrepeatedlytriestokillhim.GuitarfurthercomplicatesMilkmanslifewhenheconfessestoMilkmanthatheisamemberofaradicalorganization,theSeven Days,thatavengesthedeathsofinnocentblacksbyrandomlykillingwhites.Lackingasocialconsciousnessandfedupwiththeseriousnessoflife,Milkmandecidesheneedstoseparatehimselffromhisoppressiveworldbytraveling.WhenMaconsuggeststhatMilkmanstealasackofgoldfromPilateshouse,Milkmanseesthegoldasawaytofinancehistripandfinallybeindependent.第12页MacontellsMilkmanthatthegoldisdiscoveredfromacavewhereheandPilatelivedinthecaveforseveraldaysaftertheirfatherwasmurderedbyawhitefamilywhowantedtheDeadproperty.Pilateargueditwasmorallywrongtokeepit.ButMaconbelievesPilatewentbacktothecavetoretrievethegold.Withoutexpressinganyconcernforthemoralityofhisactions,MilkmanagreestostealthegoldwiththehelpofGuitar,whowantsthemoneytofinancehisorganization.第13页Afterstealingthesack,theydiscoveredthereisnogold,onlythebonesofthewhitemanMaconkilledinthecave,thebonesthattheghostofMaconDeadItoldPilatetogobackandretrievebecause“Youjustcantflyonoffandleaveabody.”MaconsuggeststhatthegoldmuststillbeinthecaveandMilkmanagreestosearchthecaveforthegold.LaterheconcludesthatthebonesinPilatessackmustbethoseofPilatesfather.第14页Lessinterestedinhisfamilyhistorytheninfindingthegold,Milkmanproceedstothebirthplaceofhispaternalgrandparents.Intheall-blacktown,hefindsthemenhostiletowardhisurbanmannersMilkmanreflectsonhismistreatmentofhisfamily,andofPilateandHagar,anddevelopsasocialconsciousness.Whileinthewoods,Guitar,whobelievesMilkmanhaskeptthegoldforhimself,unsuccessfullytriestokillMilkman.第15页Nolongerinterestedingold,Milkmanresolvestosearchforhisfamilynameandhistory.Ultimately,MilkmanrealizestheSolomonthatthechildrensingintheirsongisMilkmanspaternalgreat-grandfather,hereturnshometoMichigantosharetheinformationwithhisfamily.UponMilkmansarrival,hediscoversthatHagarhaskilledherself.Remorseful,andtakingresponsibilityforsomethingforthefirsttimeinhislife,MilkmantakesagrievingPilatetoburyherfathersbonesatSolomonsLeap,nearhisbirthplace.Aftertheburial,Guitarappears,andinthedarknessaccidentlyshootsPilatedead.AsMilkmanmakesoutGuitarsfigureonadistantrock,heleapsfromthecliffheisstandingonandfliesintotheairtowardGuitarsarms.第16页Beloved(1987)PulitzerPrizeforFiction1988NationalBookAward1987The New York Times:thebestworkofAmericanfictionfrom1981toTimeMagazine:TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 第17页SetaftertheAmericanCivilWar,itisinspiredbythestoryofanAfrican-Americanslave,MargaretGarner,whotemporarilyescapedslaveryduring1856inKentuckybyfleeingtoOhio,afreestate.ApossearrivedtoretrieveherandherchildrenundertheFugitiveSlaveActof1850,whichgaveslaveownerstherighttopursueslavesacrossstateborders.Margaretkilledhertwo-year-olddaughterratherthanallowhertoberecaptured.第18页Belovedsmaincharacter,Sethe,/s/killsherdaughterandtriestokillherotherthreechildrenwhenapossearrivesinOhiotoreturnthemtoSweetHome,theKentuckyplantationfromwhichSetherecentlyfled.Awomanpresumedtobeherdaughter,calledBeloved,returnsyearslatertohauntSetheshome.ThebooksdedicationreadsSixtyMillionandmore,dedicatedtotheAfricansandtheirdescendantswhodiedasaresultoftheAtlanticslavetrade.第19页Shirley Temple(1928-)anAmericanfilmandtelevisionactress,singer,dancerandpublicservant,mostfamousasHollywoodsnumberonebox-officestarfrom1935through1938.Asanadult,sheenteredpoliticsandbecameadiplomat,servingasUnitedStatesAmbassadortoGhanaandlatertoCzechoslovakia(捷克),andasChiefofProtocoloftheUnitedStates.第20页Templebeganherfilmcareerin1932attheageofthree.In1934,shefoundedinternationalfameinBright Eyes,afeaturefilmdesignedspecificallyforhertalents.ShereceivedaspecialJuvenileAcademyAwardin1935forheroutstandingcontributionasajuvenileperformertomotionpicturesduring1934,andfilmhitssuchasCurly TopandHeidifollowedyearafteryearduringthemid-to-late1930s.Licensedmerchandisethatcapitalizedonherwholesomeimageincludeddolls,dishesandclothing.Sheretiredcompletelyfromfilmsin1950attheageof22.Shewasthetopbox-officedrawinHollywoodforfouryearsinarow(193538)inaMotion Picture Heraldpoll.第21页Section APost-readingQuestions:1.NametheeventstheAfricanAmericansexperiencedleadingtotheinaugurationofBarackObamaasthePresidentofUSA?2.NamesomeeventsinAmericanhistorysetbacktheprogressoftheAfricanAmericans?3.Namethestylistcharacteristicsofthisessay?第22页BarackObama(1961-)第23页BornBarackHusseinObamaIIAugust4,1961Honolulu,HawaiiPoliticalparty DemocraticSpouseMichelleRobinson(m.1992present)ChildrenMaliaObama(daughter),SashaObama(daughter)ReligionChristianitySignatureW第24页ObamaisagraduateofColumbiaUniversityandHarvardLawSchool,whereheservedaspresidentoftheHarvard Law Review.HewasacommunityorganizerinChicagobeforeearninghislawdegree.HeworkedasacivilrightsattorneyandtaughtconstitutionallawattheUniversityofChicagoLawSchoolfrom1992to.Heservedthreetermsrepresentingthe13thDistrictintheIllinoisSenatefrom1997to,runningunsuccessfullyfortheUnitedStatesHouseofRepresentativesin.第25页第26页13th amendment to US ConstitutionwasratifiedonDecember18,1865duringReconstruction.abolishedslaveryandinvoluntaryservitude,exceptaspunishmentforacrime.Alongwiththe14thamendmentandthe15thamendment,itisoneofthethreeReconstructionamendments.第27页Jack Johnson(18781946)AmericanboxerthefirstAfricanAmericanworldheavyweightboxingchampion(19081915)Duringhisboxingcareer,JackJohnsonfought114fights,winning80matches,45byknockoutsAlioftenspokeofhowhewasinfluencedbyJackJohnson.In,scholarMolefiKeteAsantelistedJackJohnsononhislistof100GreatestAfricanAmericans.第28页Lincoln Memorial第29页anAmericannationalmonumentbuilttohonorthe16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates,AbrahamLincoln.islocatedonthewesternendoftheNationalMallinWashington,D.C.,acrossfromtheWashingtonMonument.Dedicatedin1922,itisoneofseveralmonumentsbuilttohonoranAmericanpresident.Ithasalwaysbeenamajortouristattractionandsincethe1930shasbeenasymboliccenterfocusedonracerelations.Thememorialhasbeenthesiteofmanyfamousspeeches,includingMartinLutherKingsIHaveaDreamspeech,deliveredonAugust28,1963Approximately6millionpeoplevisitthememorialannually.第30页Ku Klux KlanorsimplytheKlan,isthenameofthreedistinctmovementsintheUnitedStates.ThefirstbeganviolenceagainstAfricanAmericansintheSouthduringtheReconstructionEraofthe1860s,andwasdisbandedby1869.Thesecondwasaverylarge,controversial,nationwideorganizationinthe1920s.ThethirdKKKemergedafter1950andwasassociatedwithopposingtheCivilRightsMovementandprogressamongminorities.第31页ThesecondandthirdincarnationsoftheKuKluxKlanmadefrequentreferencetotheAmericasAnglo-SaxonbloodTheyhaveallemphasizedracism,secrecyanddistinctivecostumes.AllhavecalledforpurificationofAmericansociety,andallareconsideredpartofright-wingextremism.ThoughmostmembersoftheKKKsawthemselvesasholdingtoAmericanvaluesandChristianmorality,virtuallyeveryChristiandenominationofficiallydenouncedtheKuKluxKlan.第32页John McCain(1936-)seniorUnitedStatesSenatorfromArizona.theRepublicanpresidentialnomineeintheUnitedStatespresidentialelectionMcCainfollowedhisfatherandgrandfather,bothfour-staradmirals,intotheUnitedStatesNavy,graduatingfromtheU.S.NavalAcademyin1958.wasanavalaviatorFoughtinVietnamWar,capturedin1967andwasaprisonerofwaruntil1973第33页Section B MartinLutherKing,Jr.(1929-1968)第34页AmericanBaptistminister,activist,humanitarian,andleaderintheAfrican-AmericanCivilRightsMovement.HeisbestknownforhisroleintheadvancementofcivilrightsusingnonviolentcivildisobediencebasedonhisChristianbeliefs.1964,KingreceivedtheNobelPeacePrizeforcombatingracialinequalitythroughnonviolence.Inthefinalyearsofhislife,KingexpandedhisfocustoincludepovertyandspeakagainsttheVietnamWarIn1968,KingwasplanninganationaloccupationofWashington,D.C.,tobecalledthePoorPeoplesCampaign,whenhewasassassinatedonApril4inMemphis,Tennessee.第35页KingwasposthumouslyawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomandtheCongressionalGoldMedal.MartinLutherKingJr.Daywasestablishedasaholidayinnumerouscitiesandstatesbeginningin1971,andasaU.S.federalholidayin1986.HundredsofstreetsintheU.S.havebeenrenamedinhishonor,andacountyinWashingtonStatewasalsorenamedforhim.TheMartinLutherKingMemorialstatueontheNationalMallinWashington,D.C.wasdedicatedin.第36页Michael Jordan(1963-)Heplayed15seasonsintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)fortheChicagoBullsandWashingtonWizards.HisbiographyontheNBAwebsitestates:Byacclamation,MichaelJordanisthegreatestbasketballplayerofalltime.“JordanwasoneofthemosteffectivelymarketedathletesofhisgenerationandwasconsideredinstrumentalinpopularizingtheNBAaroundtheworldinthe1980sand1990s.第37页Hisleapingability,illustratedbyperformingslamdunksfromthefreethrowlineinslamdunkcontests,earnedhimthenicknamesAirJordanandHisAirness.Healsogainedareputationforbeingoneofthebestdefensiveplayersinbasketball.Jordansindividualaccomplishmentsinclude5MostValuablePlayer(MVP)Awards,10All-NBAFirstTeamdesignations,9All-DefensiveFirstTeamhonors,14NBAAll-StarGameappearances,3All-StarGameMVPAwards,第38页10scoringtitles,3stealstitles,6NBAFinalsMVPAwards,the1988NBADefensivePlayeroftheYearAward.Amonghisnumerousaccomplishments,JordanholdstheNBArecordsforhighestcareerregularseasonscoringaverage(30.12pointspergame)andhighestcareerplayoffscoringaverage(33.45pointspergame).In,Jordanbecamethefirstathleteinhistorytobecomeabillionaire,accordingtoForbes.第39页Denzel Washington(1954-)Americanactorandfilmmaker.WashingtonhasreceivedtwoGoldenGlobeawards,aTonyAward,twoAcademyAwards:BestSupportingActorforthehistoricaldrama-warfilmGlory(1989)andBestActorforhisroleasacorruptcopinthecrimethrillerTraining Day().第40页