世纪行业英语系列教程市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

二十一世纪行业英语系列教程二十一世纪行业英语系列教程会计英语上海交通大学出版社上海交通大学出版社 第1页Unit 2 Accounting Cycle-1 会计循环会计循环1Objectives1.To understand the increases and decreases in asset,liability,equity,income and expense.2.To record and store in T accounts by using debit and credit.3.To record accounting entries in journals and then post to ledger accounts.FocusS:Debit and credit in accountsL:The chart of accountsL:The rule of debit and creditS:JournalR:PostingR:Trial balance 第2页Unit 2 Accounting Cycle-1 Unit 2 Accounting Cycle-1 会计循环会计循环会计循环会计循环1 11.Starter2.The chart of accounts 3.The rule of debit and credit 4.Journal 5.Posting 6.Trial balance 7.Project 8.Supplementary reading 9.Surfing the Internet 10.Enjoying yourself 第3页1.Starter Debit and credit in accounts 第4页Vocabularydebit 借方借方eg:side is the left side.credit 贷方贷方eg:side is the right side.account 账户账户eg:My is a savings.journal 日志账日志账eg:The is the book of entry.ledger 分类账分类账eg:The is the group of accounts used by a business.第5页Phrases and Expressionsshare capital 股本股本第6页1.Starter Debit and credit in accounts A.Look at the picture of journal and ledger accounts and finish the ledger accounts according to the journal.(Copy information from journal to ledger.)第7页Answer B.Please show the information flow in the accounting system.Answer journal ledgerfinancial statements 第8页2.The chart of accounts 第9页Vocabularysegregate分离分离(from)eg:A power firm might its industrial customers from residential customers.structure结构结构eg:Can you talk about the of the company?heading标题标题eg:The of financial statements should be arranged on the top.第10页Vocabularyconsistency一致性一致性eg:We can ensure in the quality of every batch of products.appearance出现出现eg:The financial journal makes its once every two months.第11页Phrases and Expressionschart of accounts 科目表科目表in order to 为了了assist in 帮助帮助第12页2.The chart of accounts Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks.A chart of accounts is a list of accounts used by a business entity to define each class of items.It is used to segregate(1),revenue,(2),and(3)in order to give a better understanding of the entity.The structure and headings of accounts should assist in consistency of transactions.The list is typically arranged in the order of the appearance of accounts in the(4),profit and loss accounts followed by balance sheet accounts.It means we can follow the order of assets,liabilities,(5),income,and expenses.expenses_assets_liabilities_financial statements_ equity_ Note chart of accounts:科科目表，是将企业使用账目表，是将企业使用账户名和编号，按一定次户名和编号，按一定次序排列。西方国家没有序排列。西方国家没有统一科目，可由企业自统一科目，可由企业自行设计。行设计。第13页3.The rule of debit and credit 第14页Vocabularycapital资本资本eg:I want to start my own business but I dont have any.equality平等，相等平等，相等eg:I hope the trade between us will be further developed on the basis of and mutual benefit.decrease降低降低eg:There has been a steady in production cost in this factory.第15页Vocabularynormal正常正常eg:Hes selling his ties at a 10%discount on the retail price.withdrawal取款，收回，撤回取款，收回，撤回eg:He has made several s from his bank account.dividend股利股利eg:The company paid a 10%s last year.第16页Phrases and Expressionsdepend on取决于取决于 第17页3.The rule of debit and credit Listen to the passage and complete the tables.Hints:Debit means left side,while credit means right side.We use the debit side of an assets account for increases and the right side for decreases.To keep the equality of debits and credits,we should use the credit side of liabilities equity for increases.第18页Owners equity The owners equity section of a balance sheet differs for different forms of business ownership.For example:In a sole proprietorship,the equity section of the balance sheet is a single line.The beginning and ending balances of owners equity also shown on the statement of changes in equity.In a partnership,the equity section of the balance sheet has a line for each partners equity(capital).Changes in the partners equity are also shown on the statement of partners equity.第19页Owners equity For the corporate form of ownership,the owners equity section is referred to as shareholders equity.Shareholders equity is more complex than owners equity.It consists of two main categories:Contributed capital/paid-in capital,which represents amounts paid in by shareholders.This portion of shareholders equity is called ordinary shares in the corporation issues only one kind of share.Retained earnings,which represents the corporations cumulative net profits less net losses and dividends(distributions to shareholders)since inception（起初）（起初）.第20页Tapescript Every transaction is recorded in two or more accounts with equal debits and credits.The debits in the ledger must equal the credits.The accounting equation has been introduced:Assets=Liabilities+Equity The rules of debit and credit can be summarized as follows:1.Debit side for increases in assets,decreases in liabilities and equity.2.Credit side for increases in liabilities and equity,decreases in assets.Owners equity has separate accounts for owners investments,withdrawals,income,and expenses.1.Credit side for increases in investments and income.2.Debit side for decreases in withdrawals and expenses.The normal balance of each type of account is a debit or credit balance,depending on which side of the account is used to record increases.第21页The rule of debit and credit 1.Assets =Liabilities +EquityAssetsAssets=LiabilitiesLiabilities+EquityEquityDebit forDebit forCredit forCredit forDebit forDebit forCredit forCredit forDebit forDebit forCredit forCredit forincreases_ decreases_ decreases_ increases_ decreases_ increases_第22页2.Owners equityOwners equityDebit(decreases)Debit(decreases)Credit(increases)Credit(increases)by owner by owner(withdrawals(withdrawals account/dividend account/dividend account for account for corporation)corporation)by owner by owner(capital account/(capital account/contributed contributed capitalcapital account for account for corporation)corporation)Accumulated profits for Accumulated profits for corporationscorporations(retained earningsretained earnings account account can be used)can be used)(expense and loss(expense and loss accounts)accounts)(revenue and gain accounts)(revenue and gain accounts)withdrawals_ expenses_ investments_ income_ 第23页4.Journal 第24页Vocabularyconsult咨询咨询eg:He is ing the companys legal advisor.supplies物料用具物料用具eg:All of these are office.indent缩进缩进eg:You must the first line of a new paragraph in your sales report.第25页Phrases and Expressionson account赊账赊账passive voice被动语被动语accounts payable应付账款应付账款notes payable应付票据应付票据第26页4.Journal David and Amy have just come back after class and are discussing the process of journalizing.Read and role-play the conversation.Then fill in the journal for transactions.Amy:How do we prepare the assignment of the journal?David:I think we should understand the analysis procedure of transactions.There are three steps.Amy:Yes.Firstly,we can determine the types affected,such as asset,liability,equity,revenue,or expenses.Secondly,we can determine which accounts increase and/or decrease as a result of the transaction.David:And then we can convert the increase/decrease to debits and credits.Amy:Sure.David:Look at the textbook,Amy.The rules of debits and credit should be used.Amy:Certainly.But Im afraid Ill have problems.第27页David:Take it easy.We can find some examples.Here is Exercise 1.The first transaction is the owner,Amy Schneider,who invested$30,000 to start a consulting firm.Firstly,the asset and equity accounts will be affected.And secondly,both are increased.Cash and owners capital are both increased by$30,000.Just try,Amy!Amy:OK.We use debit for increases in asset and credit for increases in equity.It can be journalized as debit cash and credit owners capital.David:Look!You can do it.Passive voice is also used,we can say“cash is debited and owners capital is credited.”Amy:Now we can prepare the journal.The date will be entered firstly,December 1.And then the debit account title“Cash”should be written down,after that is the credit account title“Amy Schneider,Capital”.Equal debit and credit amounts of$30,000 should be entered in the Debit and Credit column.The professor said the explanation could be omitted for simplicitys sake.David:Well done.By the way,please indent the credit line of each journal entry.第28页Hints:Journal is listed below:Transactions:Dec 1 The owner,Amy Schneider,invested$30,000 to start a consulting firm.Dec 2She purchased$26,000 of furniture,$20,000 with cash,and the remainder by issuing a note.Dec 3She purchased supplies on account,$3,600.第29页 Journal page 1DateAccount titles and explanationPR.Debit Credit Dec.1Cash 30,000 Amy Schneider,Capital 30,000 The investment of the owner23Furniture_ Cash_ Notes payable_ The purchase of furniture for cash and note_ Supplies_ Accounts payable_ The purchase of supplies on account_ 26,000_ 20,000_ 6,000_ 3,600_ 3,600_ 第30页5.Posting 第31页Vocabularycopy复制复制eg:Please the accounting report for filing.necessary必要必要eg:They furnished提供提供 him with the funds.omisssion遗漏遗漏eg:There is a serious in your report.第32页Vocabularyduplication重复，复制重复，复制eg:We must avoid wasteful of effort at the end of the accounting year.reference参考，参考参考，参考eg:If you are interested in our proposal,we would be pleased to provide our bank and trade.第33页5.Posting Read the following passage and do the exercises.Posting is the process of copying journal entry information from the journal to the ledger.Cross-referencing account numbers and journal page numbers is necessary to avoid omission and duplication.This is done in the posting reference(PR)column.The posting of journal entry to ledger is performed in the following steps:1.Record the date and the amount of the entry in the account.2.Insert the number of the journal page in the PR column of the account.3.Insert the ledger account number in the PR column of the journal.Lets go on with the journalizing of these three transactions above.Please look at the following illustration showing steps 1,2,3 of posting.Computers perform this task quickly and without error.第34页 We can repeat the process of posting for the next two transactions.The accounts are grouped under the accounting equation elements.Each account has a balance.This amount is the difference between the accounts total debits and its total credits.The balance amounts are not journal entries posted to the accounts,so we set an account balance column separately.If the sum of an accounts debits is greater than the sum of its credits,that account has a debit balance,as the Cash account does here.第35页A.Describe the steps of posting of Cash in the graph above.Step 1Step 2Step 3Record the date“Dec.1”and the amount“$30,000”of the entry in the Debit column of Cash account._ Insert the number of the general journal page,G1,in the PR(posting reference)column of the Cash account._ Insert the ledger account number 101 in the PR column of the journal._ 第36页B.Present the ledger accounts after posting of these three transactions.Assets:CashAcct.No.101DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Supplies Acct.No.124DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Furniture Acct.No.165DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20第37页Liabilities:Notes payableAcct.No.210DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Accounts payableAcct.No.220DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Amy Schneider,capitalAcct.No.301DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Equity:第38页Answer Assets:CashAcct.No.101DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Dec.1G130,00030,0002G120,00010,000Supplies Acct.No.124DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Dec.3G13,6003,600Furniture Acct.No.165DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Dec.2G126,00026,000第39页Liabilities:Notes payableAcct.No.210DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Dec.2G16,0006,000Accounts payableAcct.No.220DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Dec.3G13,6003,600Amy Schneider,capitalAcct.No.301DateExplanationPRDebitCreditBalance20Dec.1G130,00030,000Equity:第40页5.Posting Translation 过过 账账 过账是将日志账信息从日志账复制到分类账过程。账户编号和日志账页码交叉互检是必要，用以防止遗漏和重复。用过账登记栏便可完成互检。日志账到分类账过账可按以下步骤完成：1.在账户中统计分录日期和金额。2.在账户中过账登记栏中记入日志账页码。3.在日志账中过账登记栏中记入分类账账户编号。让我们继续以上三项业务记日志账后处理。请看下列图标出过账步骤1，2，3。计算机会快速且无差错地完成此项任务。第41页我们可认为其他两笔业务重复过账处理。账户可在会计等式要素下进行分类。每个账户都有余额。它金额等于账户借方合计和贷方合计之间差。余额不是由日志账分录过入账户，所以我们要单独设立余额栏。如果账户借方合计数大于贷方合计数，它就有借方余额，比如上例中“现金”账户。5.Posting 第42页 6.Trial balance 第43页Vocabularyverify核实，查证核实，查证eg:An external auditor will the accounts.confuse混同，弄错混同，弄错(with)eg:The top management of the company should not lies with facts.formal正式正式eg:Accounting requires training.merely仅仅仅仅eg:I suggest you should develop the new product.第44页Phrases and Expressionsbased on基于基于accounts receivable应收账款应收账款service revenue服务收入服务收入rent expense租金租金费用用utilities expense公用事公用事业费用用第45页6.Trial balance Read the following passage and do the exercises.The equality of debits and credits in the ledger should be verified at the end of each accounting period.This verification is called a trial balance of the ledger accounts.It is a summary listing of both the balances and the titles of accounts.The listing normally presents assets first,followed by liabilities and then equity.It provides a check on accuracy by showing whether the total debits equal the total credits.A trial balance may be taken at any time,but the most common time is at the end of the period.Based upon the balance column in the general ledger,prepare a trial balance for ABCs business on December 31,20：第46页 Do not confuse the trial balance with the balance sheet.Accountants prepare a trial balance for their internal records.The company reports its financial position on the balance sheet,a formal financial statement.And remember that the financial statements are the point of the accounting process;the trial balance is merely a step in the preparation of the financial statements.第47页A.Read the passage and list the order of the account titles.1.2.3.4.5.B.Look at the trial balance in the text and check the equality.Assets_ Liabilities_ Equity_ Revenue_ Expenses_ Based on the trial balance of listing of all accounts used by ABC,the equality can be checked by the total debits and credits at$18,400._ 第48页6.Trial balance Translation 试算表试算表 每个会计期末分类账中借贷平衡必须要得以验证。这么验证可称为分类账账户试算表。每个会计期末分类账中借贷平衡必须要得以验证。这么验证可称为分类账账户试算表。它是账户全部余额和名称汇总列表。试算表通常首先列出资产，然后是负债和权益。它对它是账户全部余额和名称汇总列表。试算表通常首先列出资产，然后是负债和权益。它对于借方累计和贷方累计是否相等提供了准确度检验。试算表可在任何时间取得，但通常是于借方累计和贷方累计是否相等提供了准确度检验。试算表可在任何时间取得，但通常是在期末。在期末。依据总分类账余额栏接着能够编制依据总分类账余额栏接着能够编制ABC企业企业20年年12月月31日试算表：日试算表：不要将试算表和资产负债表混为一谈。会计人员编制试算表是为了内部统不要将试算表和资产负债表混为一谈。会计人员编制试算表是为了内部统计。企业在资产负债表上汇报它财务情况，这是一个正式财务报表。请记住财计。企业在资产负债表上汇报它财务情况，这是一个正式财务报表。请记住财务报表是会计处理目标；而试算表仅仅是编制财务报表过程中一个步骤。务报表是会计处理目标；而试算表仅仅是编制财务报表过程中一个步骤。第49页7.Project Based on the following transactions in Unit 1,please complete the journal,ledger accounts,and trial balance.Transactions in Unit 1:1.The owner invested$30,000 to start a consulting firm.2.She purchased$26,000 of furniture,$20,000 with cash,and the remainder by issuing a note.3.She purchased supplies on account,$3,600.4.She provided consulting services for$3,800 in total,collected$3,000 in cash,and billed t