1、动名词动名词与与现在分词现在分词区分区分1Whenverbsarenotverbs第1页vGerunddoingvPresentParticipledoingv动名词与现在分词区分动名词与现在分词区分v动名词与现在分词判断:动名词与动词现在分动名词与现在分词判断:动名词与动词现在分词不一样处于于:词不一样处于于:在句子中充当成份不一样在句子中充当成份不一样。也就是说,当看到一个动词也就是说,当看到一个动词-ing形式时,要经形式时,要经过分析这个词在句子中充当成份后再判断它是过分析这个词在句子中充当成份后再判断它是动名词还是现在分词。动名词还是现在分词。2第2页动名词和现在分词各充当成份动名词
2、和现在分词各充当成份v动名词动名词:顾名思义,保留动词意思,不过顾名思义,保留动词意思,不过词性已经变为词性已经变为名词名词。在句子中充当在句子中充当:主语,宾语,表语,定语主语,宾语,表语,定语Theysawthesleepingboysleepinginthesleepingcar.现在分词:现在分词:倾向于倾向于形容词和副词形容词和副词词性。也仅词性。也仅是保留动词意思,但不再是动词。是保留动词意思,但不再是动词。therisingsun在句子中充当在句子中充当:表语,定语,宾补,状语表语,定语,宾补,状语3第3页请判断以下句中请判断以下句中doing是什么词是什么词vItisnouse
3、sayingso.vIaminterestedinreadingbooks.vIcanthelplaughing.vMyjobisteaching.vHearingthissadnews,hecouldnthelpcrying.vIheardhimsingingintheroom.4.第4页PresentParticiplevthe disappointing newsvI heard the girl singing now in the next roomvFeeling desparate,he didnt want to talk to anyone.第5页v动名词作主语,动名词作主语
4、,普通都能够使用形式主语普通都能够使用形式主语it it,而将动而将动名词放在句尾:名词放在句尾:v常见固定使用方法有:常见固定使用方法有:vItsnousedoing做做没有好处没有好处/用处用处 vItsnogoodpleasuredoing做某事无益做某事无益/无用无用vItsnoharmdoing做做并无坏处并无坏处 vItsawasteoftimedoingv比如:比如:vItsnousegoingtheretoday;hewontbeathome.vItsawasteoftimearguingaboutit.vItsnogoodwaitinghere.Letswalkhome.61
5、.Verb-ing做主语(动名词)做主语(动名词)第6页vWritingthebookhastakenupallhissparetime.v做主语是动作。做主语是动作。vSeeingisbelieving.v动名词与动词不定式做主语区分在于:动名词与动词不定式做主语区分在于:vtodo这个形式常表这个形式常表“将要将要”,表,表”目标目标“。vdoing这个形式常表这个形式常表”事实事实”v-Whatmakeshimsosad?v-_thewatch.vA.ToloseB.LostC.LosingD.Lose7第7页v-Whydoyoucomehere?v-_.vA.toseeyouvB.se
6、eingyouvC.seeyouvD.Iwanttoseeyou8第8页3 3 doingdoing在在在在句句句句子子子子中中中中充充充充当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语,往往往往往往往往跟跟跟跟在在在在一一一一些些些些固固固固定定定定动动动动词词词词后后后后。也也也也就就就就是是是是我我我我们们们们常常常常说说说说一一一一些些些些固固固固定定定定动动动动词词词词后后后后面面面面再再再再接接接接动动动动词词词词,必必必必须须须须接接接接动动动动词词词词-ing-ing形形形形式式式式。如如:Hearingthewords,shecouldnthelpthinkingofherpastbitterne
7、ss.(canthelp这这个个动动词词,后后面面接接宾宾语语,假假如如宾宾语语表表示示是是动动作作,是是个个动动词词,那那就就要要把把动动词词变变为为名名词词性性,即即doing。此此处处doing为为动动名名词词。)Weallavoidedmentioningthatmatter.同理同理能用动名词作宾语动词有两类:能用动名词作宾语动词有两类:一一类类是是后后面面只只能能用用动动名名词词作作宾宾语语动动词词,其其中中有有:escape,avoid,miss,enjoy,appreciate,complete,finish,imagine,consider,mind,practise,res
8、ist,tolerate,admit,delay,suggest,advise等,如:等,如:Maryisconsideringchangingherjob.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.Wouldyoumindringingmeuptomorrow?9第9页以下动词既可接不定式做宾语,又可接动名词做以下动词既可接不定式做宾语,又可接动名词做宾语,宾语,注意意思上区分:注意意思上区分:rememberforgetregretstopmeantrylearnconsiderpreferhatelike remembertodosth记得去做某事记得去做某事rememberdoings
9、th记得做过某事记得做过某事forgettodosth忘记去做某事忘记去做某事forgetdoingsth忘记做过忘记做过/做了而又忘了做了而又忘了regrettodosth很遗憾要去做很遗憾要去做某事某事Iregrettotellyouabadnews我很遗憾要告诉你一我很遗憾要告诉你一个个regretdoingsth后悔做了后悔做了Iregrethavingsaidthat.meantodo打算想做某事打算想做某事.meandoing意味着意味着10第10页在在need,want,requiredeserve等等后后,可可用用动动名名词词主主动动式式表表示示被被动动含含义义,或或用用不不定
10、定式式被被动动式式,意意义义上上无无差差异异。但但用用动动名名词词较较为为普普遍遍,(这时主语普通是物),如:(这时主语普通是物),如:Thedoorneedsrepairing/toberepaired.有动词尽管能够用两种结构,但意义显著不一样,须认真加以区分:有动词尽管能够用两种结构,但意义显著不一样,须认真加以区分:IforgottoclosethedoorbeforeIlefttheroom.Iforgothavingclosedthedoor.Hetriedtowritebetter.(尽可能努力地写尽可能努力地写)Hetriedwritingwithabrush.(用毛笔试着写用
11、毛笔试着写)Icouldnthelpfinishingit.(不能不结束某事不能不结束某事)Icouldnthelptofinishit.(不能帮助结束某事不能帮助结束某事)Theystoppedtalking.停顿讲话停顿讲话Theystoppedtotalk.停顿在做事,而去讲话停顿在做事,而去讲话Iregrettosaythatthereisnowineinthebottle.(对对现现在在要要发发生生事事表示遗憾、抱歉表示遗憾、抱歉)Iregretnottakingyouradvice.(后悔后悔)11第11页vRather than _ on a crowded bus,he alw
12、ays prefers _ a bicycle.vA.ride,ride B.riding ridevC.ride,to ride D.to ride,ridingvwouldshouldprefertodosthvprefersthtosthvpreferdoingsthtodoingsthvprefertodosthratherthandosthvwouldratherthatsbdidhaddone12第12页keepdoingsth一直做某事一直做某事keepon/updoingsth坚持做某事坚持做某事considerdoing考虑做某事考虑做某事considertobe认为认为to
13、bedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone13第13页vCharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.vA.toinventB.inventedvC.tohaveinventedvD.havinginvented 14第14页 动名词(短语)还经常跟在短语动词之后,作介词宾语。动名词(短语)还经常跟在短语动词之后,作介词宾语。就是我们常说:介词后面碰到动词,要把动词变为就是我们常说:介词后面碰到动词,要把动词变为-ing形式形式常见有:常见有:insist on/persist in/think of/dream
14、of/object to/hear of/preventfrom/keepfrom阻阻止止,抑抑制制/stopfrom/feellike/beengagedbusyin忙忙于于/lookforwardto/dependon/thankfor/excusefor/devoteto/setabout开开始始做做某某事事/spendin/get(be)usedto/befondof/beafraidof/betiredof/succeedin/beinterestedin/beproudof/burstout/giveup/getdownto+doing等,如:等,如:Peopleobjecttos
15、moking.Preventsb.fromdoingsth.阻止阻止某人做某事某人做某事preventfrombeingseenordiscovered.Stopyourdogfromsnappingatme.别让你狗咬我。别让你狗咬我。Excusemeforbeinglate.15第15页vv动名词作表语动名词作表语动名词作表语动名词作表语与与与与现在分词作表语现在分词作表语现在分词作表语现在分词作表语区分:区分:区分:区分:v动名词作表语时动名词作表语时相当于相当于名词名词,说明主语含义及内容,说明主语含义及内容,它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语交换位置不影响句它与主语是同等关系,主语与表语
16、交换位置不影响句子基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。子基本含义,但不可用副词来修饰。v现在分词作表语时现在分词作表语时相当于相当于形容词形容词,说明主语特征、,说明主语特征、性质、状态等,主语与表语不可交换位置,但可用性质、状态等,主语与表语不可交换位置,但可用very,quite,really等副词来修饰,如:等副词来修饰,如:vMyjobislookingafterthechildren.vOurdutyisservingthepeopleheartandsoul.vThesituationisreallyencouraging.vThiscakeisveryinviting.vThevoll
17、eyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.16第16页3 3动名词还能够作定语,动名词还能够作定语,动名词还能够作定语,动名词还能够作定语,如:如:singingcompetitionswimmingpooldiningcaropeningspeechdrinkingcuplivingroomtypingpaperwaitingroomwritingdeskwashingmachinefrying-pansleeping-pillwalkingstickteachingmethod注:注:注:注:动名词作定语表示被修饰名词动名词作定语表示被修饰名词用途用途,它和名
18、词之间没,它和名词之间没有逻辑上主谓关系;而有逻辑上主谓关系;而现在分词现在分词作定语,表示被修饰名词作定语,表示被修饰名词本身动作、行为,它和名词之间有逻辑上主谓关系。本身动作、行为,它和名词之间有逻辑上主谓关系。17第17页判断现在分词?动名词?vworking peoplevworking conditionsva swimming poolva swimming boyva sleeping carva sleeping child18第18页4 4、动名词复合结构、动名词复合结构动名词复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词动名词结构。动名词复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词动名词结构。动名词复合
19、结构就是前面带有代词或名词动名词结构。动名词复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词动名词结构。有有时时为为了了明明确确动动名名词词所所表表示示动动作作执执行行者者,能能够够在在动动名名词词之之前前加加上上一一个个形形容容词词性性物物物物主主主主代代代代词词词词或或名名名名词词词词全全全全部部部部格格格格即即即即 S S,来来表表示示动动名名词词逻逻辑辑上上主主语语。有有时时也也能能够够用用人人称称代代词词宾宾格格或或名名词词普普通通格格,不不过过,这这主主要要用用于于口口语语中中。如:如:Itisnouseyoursayingso.Itisnouseyousayingso.ItisnouseTomss
20、ayingso.ItisnouseTomsayingso.注注:假假如如不不是是在在句句子子开开头头,这这个个结结构构惯惯用用名名词词普普通通格格或或人人称称代代词词宾宾格格,(换换言言之之,假假如如放放在在句句首首,结结构构必必须须是是物物主主代代词词或或名名词词全全部部格格。)如:如:Idontliketheideaofus/ournothelpingatall.IdontmindJanebuyinganotherone.注注:假假如如动动名名词词逻逻辑辑主主语语是是表表示示无无生生命命东东西西名名词词,或或不不定定代代词词,就就只能用普通格,不能用全部格,如:只能用普通格,不能用全部格,
21、如:Theboywasalarmedbysomeoneknockingatthedoor.19第19页v_ sailing on the sea is not imagined.vA.Tom vB.TomsvThis leads to _(the river)_(pollute)20第20页6 6、动名词完成形式、动名词完成形式、动名词完成形式、动名词完成形式,否定式否定式否定式否定式与被动形式与被动形式与被动形式与被动形式动动名名词词普普通通形形式式通通常常表表示示普普通通性性动动作作(即即不不是是明明确确地地在在过过去去、现现在在或或未未来来发发生生动动作作)或或是是与与谓谓语语所所表表示
22、示动动作作同同时发生动作,如:时发生动作,如:Theyareallinterestedinclimbingmountains.Hetookagreatdelightinhelpingothers.假假假假如如如如要要要要表表表表示示示示动动动动名名名名词词词词代代代代表表表表动动动动作作作作在在在在谓谓谓谓语语语语所所所所表表表表示示示示动动动动作作作作之之之之前前前前发发发发生,通惯用动名词完成形式,生,通惯用动名词完成形式,生,通惯用动名词完成形式,生,通惯用动名词完成形式,如:如:Hedidntmentionhavingmetme.Iregretnothavingtakenheradvi
23、ce.Idontrememberhavingeverpromisedyouthat.21第21页 当当当当一一一一个个个个动动动动名名名名词词词词逻逻逻逻辑辑辑辑上上上上主主主主语语语语所所所所表表表表示示示示是是是是这这这这动动动动作作作作承承承承受受受受者者者者时时时时,这这这这个个个个动动动动名名名名词词词词普通要用被动形式,普通要用被动形式,普通要用被动形式,普通要用被动形式,如:如:Thisquestionisfarfrombeingsettledbeingsettled.Hediditwithoutbeingaskedbeingasked.Theyinsistedontheirbe
24、ingtreatedasordinaryworkerstheirbeingtreatedasordinaryworkers.Hedidntmindbeingleftathomebeingleftathome.Theycouldntstandbeingtreatedlikethat.注注注注:假假如如表表示示动动作作在在谓谓语语表表示示动动作作之之前前发发生生,有有时时需需要要用用动动名名词词完完成被动形式成被动形式,如:,如:Idontrememberhavingeverbeengivenachancetotryhavingeverbeengivenachancetotrythismethod
25、.thismethod.22第22页231.feel,hear,lookat,listento,notice,observe,sense,see,watch等表示感官或感觉动词等表示感官或感觉动词2.catch,discover,find,get,have,keep,leave,send,set等惯用动词等惯用动词Icanhearsomeoneknocking.Shefeltangerarisinginherheart.Listentothebirdssinging.Justlookattherainpouringdown.Shenoticedthemanlookingatheracouple
26、oftimes.Heobservedastrangerhangingaroundthestore.Shecaughtmesmokingagain.Ifoundhimlyingonthefloor.Doyouthinkyoucangettheradioworking?Hehadthelightburningallnight.Shekeptmewaitingforovertwentyminutes.Dontleaveherwaitingoutsideintherain.Thesoundofthegunsentthebirdsflyingaway.Hisquestionhassetmethinkin
27、g.7.现在分词现在分词作宾、主语补足语作宾、主语补足语第23页分词独立主格结构分词独立主格结构第24页25Judgingbyfromhisaccent,hemustbefromnortheat.Generallyspeaking,weshouldtakeactiontoguanrateeoursuccess.Consideringyoursickness,youshouldstayinbedforsometime.Concerninghisbehavior,weshouldchoosehimasamemberofourteam.Timepermitting,wewillhaveanotherchancetoseeeachother.Timegiven,Iwilldoabetterjob.Therainhavingstopped,hewentoutforawalk.Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea.Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk.Therearealotoftalltrees,somemeasuringastallas90meters.第25页26第26页