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吕雪华.3.27第1页Can you distinguish THAT-CLAUSE in the two sentences?1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.第2页在复合句中起名词作用从句叫名词从句在复合句中起名词作用从句叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses(Noun Clauses）。名词从句功效相当于）。名词从句功效相当于名词词组名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，所以依据它在表语、同位语、介词宾语等，所以依据它在句中不一样语法功效，名词从句又可分别称为句中不一样语法功效，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。一，名词性从句基本使用方一，名词性从句基本使用方法法第3页His job is important.What he does is important.This is his job.This is what he does every day.第4页I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.第5页 1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.2.I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.3.This is _ he was often late for school.4.We all know the truth _ the earth _(move)around the sun.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句Thatwhetherwhythatmoves第6页1 That he will succeed is certain.2 Whether he will go there is not known.3 What he said is not true.4 Where he hid the money is to be found out.5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.第7页That we will succeed is certain.=It is certain that we will succeed第8页who will give us a talk is unknown at all.It is not known who will give us a talk.第9页宾语宾语从句从句在句中充当宾语成份（在句中充当宾语成份（能够作谓语动词、介能够作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词宾语）词、不定式等非谓语动词宾语）They know that the habit will kill them.It all depends on whether they will support us.He asked how much I paid for the violin.He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job.I find it necessary that we should do the homework.Tell the function of the following clausesthat,whether，if （that 常可省略）常可省略）who,what,which,whoever,whatever,when where why how第10页It all depends on whether you have enough experience.第11页I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smke here第12页 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or/or not时时,不用不用if.I dont know whether or not I will stay 介词介词后面宾语从句不能用后面宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.1.Whether和和if都能够引导宾语从句都能够引导宾语从句第13页I dont know whether or not I will stay 第14页I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.第15页 在在主主+谓谓+it(形式宾语形式宾语)+宾补宾补+that从句从句(真正真正宾语宾语)句型中句型中不省略不省略We must make it clear that we mean what we say.由连词由连词and连接两个由连接两个由that引导引导 宾语从句中宾语从句中,第二个第二个that 不省略不省略.He told me（that）he would come and that he would come on time.第16页a.a.他相信他梦想总有一天会实现他相信他梦想总有一天会实现.He believes _.b.b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Please tell me _.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this time yesterday.假如主句时态是现在时或未来时假如主句时态是现在时或未来时,从句谓语从句谓语 可依据句意需要而选取任一个时态可依据句意需要而选取任一个时态.3第17页他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。He told me _.他说他已离开故乡十年了。他说他已离开故乡十年了。He told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行。The teacher told us _.he was preparing for the examinationhe had been away from his hometown for ten yearslight travels in a straight line.假如主句谓语是过去时假如主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词普通用过去从句谓语动词普通用过去 某种时态某种时态,但从句表示是客观事实、真理、自然规但从句表示是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通惯用普通现在时。律等时，从句谓语通惯用普通现在时。第18页The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.表语从句表语从句:在句中充当表语成份，普通放在连系动词在句中充当表语成份，普通放在连系动词之后之后.作用：作用：对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。第19页The reason why we missed was that I was late for the appointment.第20页1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.reason reason 后后面面表表语语从从句句只只能能用用that that 引引导导,不不能能用用why why 引引导导,但但reasonreason后后面面定定语语从从句句能够用能够用why why 或者或者that that 引导。引导。在在在在名名名名词词词词性性性性从从从从句句句句中中中中，我我我我们们们们还还还还须须须须尤尤尤尤其其其其注注注注意意意意以以以以下问题：下问题：下问题：下问题：whythatthatthat注注意意点点第21页1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.reason reason 后后面面表表语语从从句句只只能能用用that that 引引导导,不不能能用用why why 引引导导,但但reasonreason后后面面定定语语从从句句能够用能够用why why 或者或者that that 引导。引导。在在在在名名名名词词词词性性性性从从从从句句句句中中中中，我我我我们们们们还还还还须须须须尤尤尤尤其其其其注注注注意意意意以以以以下问题：下问题：下问题：下问题：whythatthatthat第22页同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语成份，其普通跟在一些抽在句中充当同位语成份，其普通跟在一些抽象名词（象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news 等）后面，对名词作深入解释说明等）后面，对名词作深入解释说明.同位语从句惯用同位语从句惯用 that 引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether 1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2)Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect(视察视察)them.3)Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.第23页Sydney made a promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.第24页Sydney made a promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.第25页一、名词性从句语序一、名词性从句语序（1）名词性从句组成有两种名词性从句组成有两种a.That+陈说句陈说句That light travels in straight lines is known to all.This is what we are looking for.b.疑问词疑问词+句子剩下成份句子剩下成份第26页(2)(2)疑问词引导名词性从句要求使用陈说句疑问词引导名词性从句要求使用陈说句 语序，不能用普通疑问句语序。语序，不能用普通疑问句语序。How was he successful is still a puzzle.()How he was successful is still a puzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？FTTF他是怎么成功依然是个谜。他是怎么成功依然是个谜。Could you tell me where he lives?()Could you tell me where does he live?()第27页二、名词性从句连接词选取二、名词性从句连接词选取（1 1）that that 和和what what 选取选取that that 和和 what what 都可引导全部名词从句。都可引导全部名词从句。不过，不过，whatwhat除起连接作用外，还在名除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成份，可做从句主词性从句中充当成份，可做从句主语、宾语、或表语。而语、宾语、或表语。而thatthat在名词性从在名词性从句中不充当任何成份，只起连接作用句中不充当任何成份，只起连接作用。第28页that/whatthat/what1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhat第29页a.a.主语从句主语从句b.b.表语从句表语从句c.c.同位语从句同位语从句e.e.介词后宾语从句介词后宾语从句f.whether to do f.whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to if to do.do.g whether or not g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时连在一起引导宾语从句时不用不用if.if.不能使用if 情况：第30页1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether第31页（3）其它）其它连接代词和副词连连接代词和副词连用用主要依据名词性从句中详细意义主要依据名词性从句中详细意义,正正确确选择选择who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既含有疑等连接词，这些连接词既含有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成份。中充当各种成份。第32页我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长什么样子。我不知道他长什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜地方。这就是我忘记眼镜地方。This is _ I left my glasses.Whenwhowhatwhere第33页that that 可省略情况：可省略情况：thatthat不可省略情况：不可省略情况：主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句用用it做形式宾语宾语从句做形式宾语宾语从句并列宾语从句中后几个从句并列宾语从句中后几个从句引导词引导词that 不能省略不能省略单个宾语从句中单个宾语从句中that可省略可省略第34页1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that第35页1.1.同位语从句格式：同位语从句格式：2.2.能接同位语从句名词有：能接同位语从句名词有：3.3.连接词通常是连接词通常是that,that,也可依据含义选取也可依据含义选取n.+连接词连接词+从句从句order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等等whether,what,when,where 等来引导同位语从句。等来引导同位语从句。fact、idea,news,第36页1.I have no idea _ he comes from.2.He cant answer the question _ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5.I have some doubt _ he will win.wherehowthatthatwhether第37页1.1.定语从句是先行词修饰语，它不包括先行词详定语从句是先行词修饰语，它不包括先行词详细内容。定语从句中细内容。定语从句中thatthat不但起连接作用，而且不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成份，充当从句宾语在定语从句中充当一个句子成份，充当从句宾语成份时可省略。成份时可省略。2.2.同位语从句对中心词内容作深入解释和说明，同位语从句对中心词内容作深入解释和说明，表明中心词详细内容。引导同位语从句表明中心词详细内容。引导同位语从句that that 在同在同位语从句中不做任何成份位语从句中不做任何成份,只起连接作用只起连接作用,无详细无详细含义含义,且不可省略且不可省略.第38页1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to China again.1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.ATAPAPAT第39页He gave me a suggestion that I(should)be calm now.名词名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice 等等词后同位语从句词后同位语从句语气要用语气要用虚拟语气虚拟语气,结构为结构为 should+do,should 可省略可省略 注意点：注意点：第40页二，名词二，名词性从句性从句五大常考考点五大常考考点考点一：区分考点一：区分that,what与与which考点二：区分考点二：区分whether 与与if 考点三：考点三：it与与名词性从句名词性从句考点四：区分考点四：区分 what,whatever,与与 no matter what.考点五：名词性从句语序考点五：名词性从句语序第41页考点考点1：A:连接词连接词that与与what 区分区分What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true.that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任 何成份何成份,且在宾语从句中有时可省。且在宾语从句中有时可省。what既既起起连接作用连接作用,又在从句中作又在从句中作主语主语,宾语宾语,表语表语 (且在名词性从句中只有且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）可作表语）第42页1._ made him fail is _ he was lazy.2.China is no longer _ it used to be.3.I work in _ is called the Hometown of Nvwa.4.We express the hope _they will come to visit China again.5.We all hope _ we will be admitted to university next year,and _ all of our teachers will be healthy and happy forever.What that whatwhatthatthatthat/-第43页B:what(什么什么)/which(表选择表选择,哪一个哪一个)1.-Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?-He may live at No.8 or No.9 of Bridge Street.I am not sure of _.2.I read about it in some book or Internet.Does it matter _ it was?whatwhichwhichWhat 无范围；无范围；Which有范围有范围解析解析第44页 C:that 引导不一样从句引导不一样从句Do you know the fact that he won the first prize?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?(同从同从)(定从定从)定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用，而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词详细内容同位语从句则解释说明先行词详细内容第45页考点考点2.区分区分if与与whether 1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not he is free now.3.The question is _ this book is worth reading.4.It depends on _ we will have enough money.5._ they can master the grammar matters a lot to their homework.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhether第46页请你归纳请你归纳 a a主语主语从句从句 b b表语表语从句从句c c同位语同位语从句从句d d.介词介词后宾语后宾语从句从句 e.e.whether or not 直接连用时不用直接连用时不用if 只能使用只能使用whether 情况：情况：请你归纳请你归纳第47页1._ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.2.The argument _ well have a sports meeting remains to be settled.3.Im thinking about_ they will support us.4.We didnt know _ or not she was ready.Whetherwhetherwhetherwhether第48页 1.他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。他犯了那样一个错误真是遗憾。_ is a pity.2.真奇怪他今天没有来上学。真奇怪他今天没有来上学。_ is strange.It is strange thatThat he made such a mistakeIt is a pity that 考点考点 3：it与名词性从句与名词性从句 A:it 作形式主语作形式主语That he was absent from school第49页 用用用用it it it it 作形式主语结构作形式主语结构作形式主语结构作形式主语结构(1)It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识(2)It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪是奇怪是(3)It is 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 听说听说(4)It 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It seems that 似乎似乎 It happened that 恰巧恰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎第50页1.It is widely accepted _ the earth goes around the sun.A.while B.that C.if D.for that=That the earths goes around the sun is widely accepted.第51页(2)it 指代后面从句所叙述内容指代后面从句所叙述内容,惯用惯用 like/dislike/love/hate/appreciate/make+it+if 或或when从句从句 B:it 作形式宾语作形式宾语(1)make/find/feel/consider/think it+adj/n +that I have made it my habit that I get up before 6:30 everyday.I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.第52页1.I have to make clear that he told a lie.2.I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.()A.this B.that C.it D.one3.他认为从现在开始努力学习赶上他人是有可能他认为从现在开始努力学习赶上他人是有可能.He thinks it possible _C that he works hard to catch up with others.it第53页 _ _ 等引导名词性从句等引导名词性从句不不含有疑问意义含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，_等引导名词性从句等引导名词性从句含有疑问意义含有疑问意义。请你归纳请你归纳 whoever,whatever Who,what 考点考点4.what,whatever,who,whoeverWho will take the position isnt decided.第54页v1._ was said here must be kept secret.v2._ we need is more time.v3._ has taken away my bag vis unknown.v4._ breaks the law v will be punished.WhateverWhatWhoWhoeverAnything thatAnyone who第55页No matter who destroys the forest will be punished.（）解析解析no matter 只能引导只能引导状语从句状语从句，ever既可引导状语从句又能够引既可引导状语从句又能够引导名词性从句导名词性从句.no matter who/what与与whoever/whateverWhoever destroys the forest will be punished.（）第56页考点考点5 5 语序问题语序问题1.The teacher suggested that we should pay enough attention to reading and writng.2.Could you tell me where you think the accident happened?3.Whether you are happy depends on your attitude.关联词在从句之首，如有插入语，关联词在从句之首，如有插入语，其紧跟在关联词后，其它一定用其紧跟在关联词后，其它一定用陈说语序陈说语序 _ 第57页1.I think it necessary _ we have the meeting2._ I like best is your handwrting.3._ I like the book best is known to everyone.4.I want to know _ major she will choose between English and Chinese.5._ he felt puzzled was _ this problem was hard for him to deal with.6.He is from _ Chairman Mao was born-Hunan.请填写适当引导词。请填写适当引导词。that What which Whywhere that That 1.先判断是什么从句先判断是什么从句2.若是名词性从句，若是名词性从句，“缺什么填什么缺什么填什么”(指从句句型结构与连词之间关系指从句句型结构与连词之间关系)第58页1.I think it necessary _ we have the meeting2._ I like best is your handwrting.3._ I like the book best is known to everyone.4.I want to know _ major she will choose between English and Chinese.5._ he felt puzzled was _ this problem was hard for him to deal with.6.He is from _ Chairman Mao was born-Hunan.请填写适当引导词。请填写适当引导词。that What which Whywhere that That 三 Homework第59页划出从句并判断从句类型。划出从句并判断从句类型。1.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.2.The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.3.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.4.Whoever breaks the law,he/she will be punished.5.It makes no difference whether he can pass the exam.6.It is well known that China is a great socialist country.7.The teacher made it clear to us that we had to work hard if we wanted to make progress.8.I dont think he will arrive on time.9.I dont suppose you can do it.同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句主语从句主语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句5，6主语从句主语从句7,8,9宾语从句宾语从句第60页 Complete the following sentence:1(他们需要他们需要)_is scientific knowledge.2.(听说听说)_ the old man used to be a famous film star.3.It is the same to us _ (你是否来你是否来)tomorrow.4.Ask him _(他什么时候来他什么时候来).5._(运动会将运动会将在哪里举行在哪里举行)is still unknown.6.He admitted _(他错了他错了).7.Please write down _ (他说一切他说一切).8.It is very strange _ (她不想去旅游她不想去旅游).What they needIt is said thatwhether you will comewhen he will come Where the sports meeting will be held that he was wrong.whatever he is sayingthat she doesnt want to travel第61页选择题：选择题：1.It now appears _ they are in need of help.A.that B.which C.what D.how2.It is good news _ they will arrive in a few days.A.which B.what C.that D.how3.It _ Joe drives badly.A.thought that B.thinks that C.is thought that D.is thought that4.It _ he is late for class.A.may that B.might that C.may be that D.might be what5.This is _ she was born.A.where B.which C.that D.what6.The question is _ we cant go there today.A.that B.what C.which D.when第62页
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