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ZERO CARBON BUILDING DESIGN STANDARDVERSION 2Canada Green Building CouncilJuly 2021Copyright Canada Green Building Council(CaGBC),2020.These materials may be reproduced in whole or in part without charge or written permission,provided that appropriate source acknowledgements are made and that no changes are made to the contents.All other rights are reserved.The analyses/views in these materials are those of CaGBC,but these analyses/views do not necessarily reflect those of CaGBCs affiliates including supporters,funders,members,and other participants or any endorsement by CaGBCs affiliates.These materials are provided on an“as is”basis,and neither CaGBC nor its affiliates guarantee any parts or aspects of these materials.CaGBC and its affiliates are not liable(either directly or indirectly)nor accept any legal responsibility for any issues that may be related to relying on the materials(including any consequences from using/applying the materials contents).Each user is solely responsible,at the users own risk,for any issues arising from any use or application of the materials contents.TRADEMARK Zero Carbon BuildingTM is a trademark of the Canada Green Building Council(CaGBC).Zero Carbon Building Design Standard Version 2ISBN:978-0-9813298-4-0 3CaGBC|Zero Carbon Building Design Standard Version 2|July 2021TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION.7OVERVIEW.10Eligibility.11Scope.12Required Documentation.12CARBON REQUIREMENTS.13Embodied Carbon.15Resources.18Operational Carbon.19Direct Emissions.19Indirect Emissions.21Resources.24Avoided Emissions.25Avoided Emissions from Exported Green Power.25Avoided Emissions from Carbon Offsets.25Resources.26Zero Carbon Transition Plan.27ENERGY REQUIREMENTS.28Thermal Energy Demand Intensity.29Resources.32Energy Use Intensity.35Resources.35Peak Demand.37Resources.37Modelling and Design Considerations.39Airtightness.39Future Weather.39Resources.40IMPACT&INNOVATION REQUIREMENTS.41Resources.42GLOSSARY.44ACRONYMS.46APPENDIX I Requirements for Bundled Green Power Products that are not ECOLOGO or Green-e Certified.47APPENDIX II Embodied Carbon Requirements for Baseline Buildings.48APPENDIX III Summary of Addenda Changes.494CaGBC|Zero Carbon Building Design Standard Version 2|July 2021DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe Zero Carbon Building Design Standard Version 2(ZCB-Design v2)was produced through extensive consultation with experts and stakeholders across the country over a two-year period.Updates to the Standard were developed using the following guiding principles,established by the Zero Carbon Steering Committee:Prioritize carbon emissions reductions Ensure energy efficient design Encourage good grid citizenship Incentivize reductions in embodied carbon Keep it simple and accessibleRevisions to the Standard were informed by the Zero Carbon Pilot Program,an initiative designed to facilitate peer learning and capacity building amongst a group of 16 project teams that committed to the two-year immersion program prior to the launch of registration for the Zero Carbon Building Standard(ZCB Standard).The pilot program recognized excellence and leadership,and served to inform the development of tools,policies,and pathways to accelerate market transformation.The lessons learned from the pilot program assisted the Canada Green Building Council(CaGBC)in identifying opportunities to refine the ZCB Standard.In 2019,a series of zero carbon roundtables were held across the country to collect feedback on the ZCB Standard and to discuss the challenges and opportunities in different regions of the country.Three working groups were also formed,bringing significant subject matter expertise to the development process.The working groups focused on energy metrics,carbon accounting,and embodied carbon reviewed the feedback received through the pilot projects and roundtables and made recommendations to the Zero Carbon Steering Committee.The Steering Committee worked with CaGBC staff to develop a list of final recommendations.CaGBC extends its deepest gratitude to all our committee and working group members;the pilot project teams;participants in the zero carbon roundtables,and the members of CaGBCs Energy and Engineering Technical Advisory Group.We also wish to acknowledge the support of Steve Kemp,RDH Building Science Inc.,and Chris Magwood,Endeavor Center.CaGBC wishes to thank Environment and Climate Change Canada for their financial support.5CaGBC|Zero Carbon Building Design Standard Version 2|July 2021ZERO CARBON STEERING COMMITTEE Douglas Webber(Chair),Purpose Building Arjun KC,Alberta Energy Christian Cianfrone,ZEBx Craig Applegath,DIALOG Darryl Neate,Oxford Properties Ed Cullinan,ATCO Hakim Nesreddine,Hydro Quebec Jagdamba Singh,Cadillac Fairview Maeri Machado,WSP Canada Maria McGibbon,Public Services and Procurement Canada Mary Quintana,Brock University Matt Tokarik,Subterra Renewables Maxime Boisclair,GBi Morgan McDonald,Ledcor Construction Ltd.Ryan Zizzo,Mantle314 Sheena Sharp,Cool Earth Architecture inc.Wendy Macdonald,Stantec Consulting Ltd.ENERGY METRICS WORKING GROUP Antoni Paleshi,WSP Canada Christian Cianfrone,ZEBx Curt Hepting,Enersys Analytics Inc.Elyse Henderson,RDH Building Science Inc.Frederic Genest,NRCan Canmet Energy Luka Matutinovic,Purpose Building Martin Roy,Martin Roy&Associates Maxime Boisclair,GBi Meaghan Kahnert,ARUP Samantha Lane,Stantec Consulting Ltd.EMBODIED CARBON WORKING GROUP Franois Charron-Doucet,Groupe AGCO Julie-Anne Chayer,Groupe AGCO Geoffrey Guest,National Research Council Canada Jenny McMinn,Urban Equation Kaitlyn Tyschenko,Ellis Don/Pomerleau Kevin Stelzer,Brock McIlroy/ENFORM Architects Mark Lucuik,Morrison Hershfield Matt Bowick,Athena Institute Patrick Enright,City of Vancouver Ryan Zizzo,Mantle314 Sandra Dedesko,RWDI Sudhir Suri,LOEUFCARBON ACCOUNTING WORKING GROUP Adam Stoker,University of Calgary Daniel Hegg,Stantec Consulting Ltd.Douglas Webber,Purpose Building Firas AbouKhamis,WSP Canada Howlan Mullally,City of Toronto Kalum Galle,Morrison Hershfield Maria Mottillo,Public Services and Procurement Canada Morgan McDonald,Ledcor Construction Ltd.Natalie Kehle,Infrastructure Ontario/Town of Aurora6CaGBC|Zero Carbon Building Design Standard Version 2|July 2021Figure 1 Zero Carbon Building Pilot Projects in CanadaMohawk College Joyce Centre for Partnership&Innovation Hamilton,ONNiMA Trails Residential/Commercial Building Guelph,ONevolv1 Waterloo,ONCur-Paquin Elementary School Saint-Eustache,QCWalkerton Clean Water Centre Walkerton,ONWilkinson Avenue Warehouses Dartmouth,NSThe Stack Vancouver,BCUniversity of Calgary MacKimmie Complex Calgary,ABArthur Meighen Building Toronto,ONTRCA New Headquarters Toronto,ONCity of Vancouver Fire Hall Vancouver,BCWest 8th and Pine Vancouver,BCEcoLock Kelowna,BCThe HUB Toronto,ONConfidential Project Winnipeg,MBOkanagan College Health Sciences Centre Kelowna,BCZERO CARBON PILOT PROJECTS7CaGBC|Zero Carbon Building Design Standard Version 2|July 2021INTRODUCTION1 Environment and Climate Change Canada.Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change.Canadas Plan to Address Climate Change and Grow the Economy(Gatineau,Quebec:Environment and Climate Change Canada,2016.).https:/www.canada.ca/en/services/environment/weather/climatechange/pan-canadian-framework/climate-change-plan.html.2 Global Alliance for Buildings and Construction,2019 Global Status Report for Buildings and Construction(Nairobi:UN Environment,2019),12.3 Canada Green Building Council.Making the Case for Building to Zero Carbon(2019).www.cagbc.org/MakingTheCase.To avoid the worst effects of climate change,all nations must focus efforts on carbon reduction.As an industry,building construction and operations must effectively eliminate greenhouse gas(GHGs)emissions by 2050.To achieve this goal,new buildings being planned today must set zero carbon emissions as their target.Retrofits of existing buildings must likewise emphasize deep emissions reductions.There is no time to wait.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)has fixed the worlds available carbon budget the maximum amount of GHGs that can be released into the atmosphere over time at 420 gigatonnes(Gt)of carbon dioxide equivalent(CO2e).Its a target designed to keep global warming to 1.5 o C.However,at the worlds current rate of 40 Gt of carbon emissions per year,that budget will last a little more than 10 years before we risk a temperature increase that will significantly alter our climate.To stay within this carbon budget and to mitigate the effects of climate change requires actionable solutions to be taken.Every year that passes without significantly reducing GHG emissions contributes to the erosion of the worlds carbon budget,cutting what little time we have left to reach zero carbon.The building industry is mobilizing to help support Canadas efforts to reduce carbon emissions.Building operations are responsible for 17 per cent of Canadas carbon emissions,1 with construction and materials representing a further 11 per cent,2 providing the opportunity to make significant carbon reductions as the industry moves toward the elimination of emissions by 2050.This required transition is generating new and innovative pathways to zero carbon,expanding opportunities for industry growth and job creation.The Canada Green Building Council(CaGBC)launched the Zero Carbon Building Standard(ZCB Standard)to assist the industrys transition to zero carbon.CaGBCs Making the Case for Building to Zero Carbon report confirmed that zero carbon buildings are technically feasible and financially viable.On average,zero carbon buildings can provide a positive financial return over a 25-year life-cycle,inclusive of carbon pollution pricing,and require a modest capital cost premium.This financial return will only grow as the cost of carbon rises,while zero carbon buildings also promise to mitigate future costs for utilities and retrofits.3A Zero Carbon Building is a highly energy efficient building that produces onsite,or procures,carbon-free renewable energy or high-quality carbon offsets in an amount sufficient to offset the annual carbon emissions associated with building materials and operations.8CaGBC|Zero Carbon Building Design Standard Version 2|July 2021ZERO CARBON BUILDING DESIGN STANDARD V2The Zero Carbon Building Design(ZCB-Design)Standard is a made-in-Canada framework for designing and retrofitting buildings to achieve zero carbon.Zero carbon buildings represent the industrys best opportunity for cost-effective emissions reductions that spur innovation in design,building materials and technology,creating jobs and business opportunities.The second iteration of the Standard introduces greater rigour while increasing flexibility,to support the goal of transforming all buildings to be zero carbon.The updates to the ZCB-Design Standard are designed to facilitate this change by incorporating the findings from ZCB Standard certified projects and by responding to evolving knowledge that is shaping operational solutions.Special consideration was given to the following four topic areas.EMBODIED CARBON IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALSWhile the energy efficiency of buildings has improved and reduced the emissions associated with building operations,the relative embodied carbon associated with building materials has increased.4 Emphasis now needs to be directed at reducing the carbon associated with the life-cycle embodied carbon of materials.Of particular importance are the emissions from the production of construction materials,which the industry calls upfront carbon.These emissions become a factor even before a building begins operation.ENERGY GRIDS AND BUILDINGSBuilding design must now consider the interplay of drawing power from the grid and sending power back,to ensure the exchanges provide measurable carbon reductions.For example,building design should aim to reduce and shift peak electricity demand to minimize consumption at times when fossil fuels are being used to meet grid power generation needs.ONSITE RENEWABLESOnsite renewables offer a cost-effective path to reduce carbon emissions from buildings located in areas with high-carbon electricity grids.They can also be effective in low-carbon grids provided they displace fossil fuel fired power generation typically used to meet peak demand.NEAR-TERM CLIMATE FORCERSRefrigerants and methane are near-term climate forcers GHGs that last a short time in the atmosphere but trap a large amount of heat.As a result,these near-term climate forcers accelerate the impact of climate change.Increasingly,refrigerants are used in heat pumps to enhance efficiency and drive down carbon emissions.This necessitates a better understanding of refrigerant options and best-management practices to minimize potential refrigerant leaks.In addition,the impact of unintended methane releases resulting from extraction,processing and distribution is significant and is now recognized in the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.54 Rck,M.,Saade,M.,Balouktsi,M.,Rasmussen,F.,Birgisdottir,H.,Frischknecht,R.,Habert,G.,Ltzkendorf,T.,and Passer,A.,Embodied GHG Emissions of BuildingsTheHiddenChallengeforEffectiveClimateChangeMitigation(Amsterdamn:Elsevier,2019),3.5 Calvo Buendia,E.,Tanabe,K.,Kranjc,A.,Baasansuren,J.,Fukuda,M.,Ngarize S.,Osako,A.,Pyrozhenko,Y.,Shermanau,P.and Federici,S.,2019Refinement to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:Volume 2 Energy(Switzerland:IPCC,2019),4.34.9CaGBC|Zero Carbon Building Design Standard Version 2|July 2021ENHANCEMENTS TO THE ZCB-DESIGN STANDARDBuilding standards must evolve with the market and take advantage of new ideas,new technologies and new processes.With the ZCB-Design Standard,focus was placed on improving rigour while increasing flexibility,as well as raising the bar on key metrics.To further support the effectiveness and market uptake of ZCB-Design the following key enhancements were made:1.Embodied carbon and refrigerants must be carefully considered and offset prior to seeking ZCB-Performance certification.2.A set of energy efficiency compliance options ensures higher performance and flexibility.3.Innovation is incented,encouraging the adoption of new approaches and technologies while providing more flexibility to choose the most appropriate strategies for each project.These enhancements provide owners and operators improved financial returns from designs that minimize capital costs and yield greater energy efficiency cost savings.Design teams benefit from their design and technology choices being recognized,freeing them to choose the strategies most appropriate to each project.With ZCB-Design v2,achieving a zero carbon building means taking responsibility for all the carbon emissions over the buildings life-cycle.It is an ambitious but nonetheless critical objective,because within the context of a global carbon budget every bit of carbon counts.THE FUNDAMENTALS OF GOOD DESIGN REMAIN UNCHANGED1.Central to the succe