新标准大学英语综合教程课文翻译和课后习题答案unit省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

RealCommunicationAn Integrated Course制作 外语教学与研究出版社版权所有第1页Text第2页TextChinese or Western,its a time to relax1Itsthattimeoftheyearwhentheworldseemstobecaughtinatrancethetranceofend-of-yearcelebrations.End-of-year,Isaid.2Theproblemseemstobeexactlythat.WhyshouldweinChinarefertotheweekbetweenDecember24and31astheendoftheyearwhenours(accordingtothelunarcalendar)isatleastamonthaway?第3页Text3WedosoapparentlybecauseChristmasandNewYearhavebecomeglobalfestivals,notbecausethey(especiallyChristmas)areessentiallyWesterninnatureandspirit,butbecausewecanrelaxduringthosefewdays.4Nevertheless,somescholarsandstudentshaveexpressedconcernovertheincreasinginfluenceofChristmasonoriental,particularlyChinese,culture.Theirfearsmaybejustifiedtoacertainextent.Infact,weChinesedoseemtoattachalotmoretimeandattentiontoChristmastodaythanwedidevenacoupleofdecadesago.第4页TextTextTextText8Wecelebrateanoccasiontoventourfeelings,torelaxandenjoyabreakfromtheeverydayskulduggerythatlifeinthesetimeshasbecome.Itsapparentlynodifferentfromthebreakourancestorsenjoyedfromthemundaneaffairsoftheirdailylives.第8页TextText10WecannotaffordtobeleftuntouchedbythefestivespiritoftheWest,whichdoesntmeanwefollowtheWestblindly.Noteverythingabouttheirculturemaybegood,butdecadenceisnotthesolepreserveoftheWest.NocultureintheworldisfreeofdecadenceandthatincludesChineseculture.第10页Text1 1SotheproblemisnotWesternculture,orwhatwegenerallyassociatewithit.TheproblemisthosewhoareblindedbyeverythingWestern.WehavetofindoutwhymoreandmoreChinese,especiallytheyoungsters,feelatonewithWesternfestivalsasmuchastheydowiththeChineseones.Butthankfullyourfestivalshavelostnoneoftheirc h a r m.Andhereiswherethealarmbellssoundedbyscholarsandstudentscomein.第11页Text1 2Icanunderstandthezealofthesepeople.Theywanttoconserveourculture,andthatdefinitelydoesntmakethemwhatwegenerallyrefertoasconservatives.Theyhaveapoint.Butthey,orforthatmatteranybodyelse,cannotsaveanysocietyfromtheinfluenceofaworldgettingsmallerbytheday.第12页Text1 3SoinsteadoftryingtoshutoureyesandearstoWesternfestivals,weshouldacceptthegoodnesstheyofferandpractisewhattheystandfor.AndletsnotforgetthatJesuswasnotbornintheWestbuttheEast(theMiddleEast,tobeprecise),andhepreachedloveformankindandhelpforthepoor.第13页Text不论是中国节日还是西方节日，不论是中国节日还是西方节日，节日是我们放松时候节日是我们放松时候1每年这个时候，整个世界好像都陷入了一个迷狂人们狂热地进行着岁末庆贺活动。我说是岁末。2问题就出在这儿。为何我们中国人要把12月24日到31 日这一周作为岁末来庆贺，而我们自己岁末（按照阴历）最少还有一个月才到呢？第14页Text3我们这么做，显然是因为圣诞节和元旦已经成了全球性节日，并不是因为它们（尤其是圣诞节）在本质上和精神上主要代表了西方文化，而是因为在这几天里我们能好好放松一下。4不过，圣诞节对于东方文化，尤其是中国文化影响与 日俱增，对此，一些学者和学生们表示担忧。从某种程度上 讲，他们忧虑是有道理。确实，与几十年前相比，现在 中国人花在圣诞节上时间和精力似乎要多很多。第15页Text 5不论是好是坏，世界在过去二十多年间所经历改变可能比过去两百年间所经历还要多。为了让彼此间联络得更紧密，营造出一个真正地球村，我们消耗了更多资源，烧掉了更多能源，造成了更多污染，灭杀了更多动植物。过去，我们一直把电视看作是连接全世界终极伎俩，直到我们了解了互联网，才发觉事实并非如此。第16页Text6全部这些改变都让我们用另外一个眼光来对待外面世界以及我们自己家园。在这个全球市场中，得到任何东西都是要付出代价。假如我们想拥有西方世界那著名眩目而舒适生活，我们也必须接收西方文化中一些异常事物。当然，这并不是说节日对于西方人来说有着不一样意义。第17页Text7不论是在中国大陆，还是在高度发达西方国家，抑或是世界上最贫穷社会，节日承载着相同意义。世界各地人们和家人、朋友一起庆贺节日。节日基本概念是一样，就是大家分享一顿盛宴或是一餐便饭（在西方或是我们国家里，人们会小酌几杯）。第18页Text8我们庆贺节日，是为了释放情感，放松身心，是为了从当代生活尔虞我诈中摆脱出来，得到片刻安宁。显然，这和我们祖先从日常俗事中寻求解脱是一回事儿。第19页Text9世界上多数国家在日常生活中采取格列高利历，中国也是如此。所以这个历法中节日和特殊事件注定会影响到我们。而我们，和许多南亚、东南亚、中东，或许还有一些美国土著居民一样，依据阴从来过节，而这又完全是另外一回事儿了。第20页Text 10对于西方节日气氛无动于衷，这我们做不到，但这也并不意味着我们要盲目跟风。西方文化不全都是好，但同时，颓废东西也不是西方文化所独有。世界上没有一个文化能免于颓废，中国文化也不例外。第21页Text 11所以，问题并不在于西方文化，也不在于那些我们通常和西方文化联络在一起东西。问题出在那些唯西方马首是瞻人身上。为何越来越多中国人，尤其是中国年轻人，对于西方节日和中国节日一样怡然自得，我们应该找出其中原因。好在我们自己节日并没有失去它们风采。而正是在这一刻，我们学者和学生们敲响了警钟。第22页Text12我能够了解这些人热情。他们想保护我们文化，就这点而言，他们绝对不是我们通常所说保守派。他们观点有一定道理。不过在这件事情上，他们和其它人一样，无法使任何社会免受日益变小世界影响。第23页Text13所以，我们不应该对西方节日视而不见、充耳不闻，相反，我们应该取其精华，去实践这些节日所提倡德行。我们不要忘了，耶稣诞生于东方（确切地说，是中东），而不是在西方，我们也应该记住他要我们热爱全人类，扶贫助弱。第24页Words&Phrasestrancelunarcalendaressentiallyorientaljustifyundergofestiveuntouchedindigenousmundaneskulduggeryventhumblepreachgoodnessconservezealcharmrideranomalyfeastyoungsterdecadenceblindly第25页Words&Phrasesfor good or badat one withshut ones eyes and ears to第26页Words&PhrasesGregorian calendar 格列高利历；公历；阳历Jesus 耶稣第27页trancen.C(usu sing)a state caused byhypnosisinwhichsomeonecanmoveandspeakbutisnotconsciousinanormalway催眠状态put someone in/into a trancebe in a trancee.g.1.Thepsychiatristputherintoadeephypnotictrance.那位精神科医生使她进入了深度催眠状态。2.Theoldmanwasinatrance,thinkingofhispastlife.这位老人回想着自己过去生活，神情恍惚。Words&Phrases第28页lunara.relatingtothemoon月亮；阴历e.g.1.TheSpringFestivalisthelunarNewYear.春节即阴/农历新年。2.Onthemoon,thelunarexplorersranaconsiderableriskofbeinghit.在月球上，登月探险者们冒着被撞击极大危险。Cf.solar n.relatingtothesun,orcomingfromthesun太阳，和太阳相关；公/阳历e.g.solarsystemWords&Phrases太阳系第29页calendar n.asystemformeasuringthelengthofayearanddividingitintoperiodssuchasweeksandmonths日历；历书e.g.1.lunarcalendar 阴历2.solarcalendar 阳历3.Ourcalendarisopen;wehavenothingonforthisweekend.我们日程表是空；这个周末我们没有什么计划。Words&Phrases第30页essentially ad.usedforemphasizingwhatisthemostimportantaspectofsth.orfactaboutsth.本质上；根本上e.g.1.Sheisanessentiallyselfishperson.她本质上是个自私自利人。2.Essentially,theyareamateurs.他们本质上是业余兴趣者。Words&Phrases第31页oriental a.fromorconnectedwitheasternAsia,especiallyChinaandJapan东方；东亚（尤指中国和日本）Translate the following into English:1.他专门研究东方史。Hespecializesinorientalhistory.2.北京是一座含有悠久历史和灿烂文化东方名城。Beijingisafamousorientalcitywithprofoundhistoryandsplendidculture.Cf:occidental Words&Phrases第32页justify vt.showthatthereisagoodreasonforsomething,especiallysomethingthatotherpeoplethinkiswrong证实正当；为辩护；辨明e.g.1.Nothingcanjustifyyourcheatingonanexam.任何事情都不能成为你考试作弊理由。2.Howcanyoujustifyyourrudebehaviour?你怎样解释你粗鲁行为呢?Wordfamily:justification n.Words&Phrases第33页undergo vt.(underwent,undergone)1)experienceaprocessofchange经历（改变过程）e.g.Thebridgehasundergoneaseriesofmodificationsandwillbere-openedintwoweeks.经过了一系列改造，这座桥将于两星期后重新开通。2)experiencesomething,especiallysomethingthatisunpleasantbutnecessary经受；承受（尤指不愉快但 又必须承受事情）e.g.Theproblem-freepersonoftencannotundergothesetback.一帆风顺人，往往经受不住挫折。Words&Phrases第34页rider n.1)anadditiontoanofficialdocumentornewlaw附加 文件；附加条款e.g.Weshouldliketoaddaridertothepreviousremarks.我们想在原有意见后面再加上一条。2)someonewhoridesonananimalsuchasahorse,oronavehiclesuchasabicycleormotorcycle骑马 人；骑自行车人e.g.Heisagentlehorsethatnevercasthisrider.驯良马绝不会把骑手甩倒。Words&Phrases第35页anomalyn.(fml)sth.unusual,unexpected,ordifferentfromwhatnormallyhappens异常现象；反常事物e.g.1.Abirdthatcannotflyisananomaly.鸟不能飞是异常现象。2.Inthosedaysawomanprofessorwasstillananomaly.当初，女教授依然是一个反常现象。3.Canyouexplaintheapparentanomalythatthosewhoproducedthewealthwerethepoorest.你能解释制造财富者是最贫穷显著不正常现象吗？Words&Phrases第36页feast n.alargemealforalotofpeople,usuallyinordertocelebratesth.（通常为庆贺某事而举行）盛会，筵席e.g.1.Villagersusedtoholdagreatfeastatharvesttime.村民过去经常在收获季节举行盛大宴会。2.Knowledgeisafeastforthemind.知识是心灵盛宴。3.Theyhadamidnightfeastintheirtent.他们在帐篷里举行了一次午夜宴会。Words&Phrases第37页humble a.1)simpleandwithonlybasicequipmentorfeatures低 劣；简陋2)notproudandnotthinkingthatyouarebetterthanotherpeople谦逊；谦虚3)fromalowsocialclass卑微；低下Words&Phrases第38页 Figure out the meanings of“humble”in the following sentences.Match its usage with the meaning 1低劣；简陋 2谦虚or 3卑微.Then translate the sentences into Chinese:1.Heflewhighthoughhewasofhumbleorigin.()他虽出生低微,却胸怀大志。2.Toohumbleishalfproud.()过分谦虚差不多就是骄傲。3.Shemerelyeatsahumblemealoutsidewhensheistoobusy.()当她忙得不可开交时，也只仅仅在外面吃一顿便餐。Words&Phrases213第39页ventvt.expressyourfeelingsofangerverystrongly发泄（愤恨）e.g.1.Thereisnoneedtoventyourangeronme.你没有必要拿我来出气。2.Childrengiveventtotheirangerinvariousways.小孩用各种方式表示愤恨。3.Hegaveventtohisangerbykickingthechair.他猛踢椅子，以此泄怒。Words&Phrases第40页skulduggeryn.Usecretactivitiesthatareintendedtotrickorcheatpeople阴谋；坑骗；诈骗e.g.1.Statisticsskulduggeryhasvariousreasonssuchasthestatistics system,statistics mechanism,statistics law,statisticsmethodandsoon.统计作假有统计制度、统计机制、统计法律、统计方法等多方面原因。2.Heisworkinginafirmthatinvestigatescommercialskulduggery.他在一家调查商业诈骗企业任职。Words&Phrases第41页mundane a.ordinaryandnotinterestingor exciting,especially because of happening tooregularly普通；平凡；平淡无奇e.g.1.EventhemostmundanethingscanbecomeobjectsofbeautyinFrencheyes.即使是最平凡事物，在法国人眼中也是漂亮。2.A grasp of mundane affairs is genuine knowledge,understandingofworldlywisdomistruelearning.掌握平凡事物是真正学问，明白世俗智慧是真正本事。（世事洞明皆学问,人情练达即文章。）Words&Phrases第42页indigenous a.1)indigenouspeoplelivedinaplaceforaverylongtimebeforeotherpeoplecametolivethere（人）本 地，当地e.g.IndiansweretheindigenousinhabitantsofAmerica.印第安人是美洲土著居民。2)indigenousplantsandanimalsbelongtoaregionbecausetheydevelopedthere（动植物）原产，土 生土长e.g.KangaroosareindigenoustoAustralia.袋鼠为澳大利亚当地动物。Words&Phrases第43页untoucheda.notaffected,changed,ordamagedinanyway未受影响；未被改变；原样e.g.1.Themiserwasuntouchedbythepoormansstory.那个吝啬鬼对那穷人叙述无动于衷。2.Themanagerleftthewelfareofthestaffuntouchedinhisreport.经理在汇报中没有提及过职员福利问题。3.Praguewasrelativelyuntouchedbythewar.布拉格相对说来受战争影响不大。Wordfamily:touch v.Words&Phrases第44页festive a.brightandcolourfulinawaythatmakesyouthinkofacelebration节日；节日般e.g.1.Theyliketogotheretosoakinthefestiveatmosphere.他们喜欢到那儿感染节日气氛。2.ItwasChristmasandeveryonewasinfestivemood.当初是圣诞节，每个人都沉醉在节日欢乐中。Words&Phrases第45页Wordfamily:festival n.a day or period when there is a publicholiday,oftentocelebrateareligiousevent节日Translate the following into English:中国四个主要传统节日是：春节、清明节、端午节和中秋节。ThefourimportanttraditionalfestivalsinChinaaretheSpringFestival,TombSweepingDay,theDragon-boatFestivalandtheMid-autumnFestival.blindlyad.1)ifyouobeyorsupportsomeoneblindly,youdoitwithoutthinkingforyourselfwhetherwhatyouaredoingisright盲目地；未加思索地e.g.Insteadofgivingintoherchildblindly,agoodmothermanagestomakeherchildclearaboutrightandwrong.一个好母亲不是一味地迁就自己孩子，而是设法让孩子明白是非曲直。Words&Phrases第47页2)without noticing what is around you,for example becauseyouareexcitedorupset胡乱地；不注意周围地e.g.Lovelooksnotwiththeeyes,butwiththemind,andthereforewingedCupidfireshisarrowblindly.爱情不是用眼睛，而是专心灵来看，所以长翅膀爱神丘比特胡乱地射出他箭。Wordfamily:blind a.Words&Phrases第48页decadence n.Ubehaviourthatisconsidered immoral because it concentrates toomuchonpleasure堕落；颓废e.g.1.Thatcityseemstobethehothouseofdecadence.该城市似乎是堕落温床。2.Thedecadenceofmoralsisbadforanation.道德滑坡对国家是不利。3.Thejuvenilenatureofhisdecadencerevealsitself.他那种幼稚性质颓废表现了出来。Words&Phrases第49页youngstern.achild,orayoungperson儿童；年轻人e.g.1.Theyoungsterresentedbeingtreatedasacoward.那位年轻人对于他人把他看做是懦夫感到很愤慨。2.Theseyoungstersherehavenotevenlearnhowtopeelapotato.这里这些年轻人，连给土豆削皮都不会（最简单事情都不会做）。Words&Phrases第50页charm1)n.Uapersonalqualitythatattractspeopletoyouandmakesthemlikeyou魅力；魔力e.g.1.Heisamanofpersonalcharmandgreatcultivation.他现有个人魅力又极有教养。2.This does not rule out people who are plain-looking,or even ugly,because many such peoplehavegreatpersonalcharm.(CET4-06)这并不排除那些相貌平平，甚至丑陋人，因为往往许多那样人是极具个人魅力。Words&Phrases第51页2)v.givesomeonepleasureorenjoyment使高兴；使 陶醉；吸引e.g.astorythathascharmedgenerationsofchildren一个吸引了一代又一代儿童故事Wordfamily:charminga.veryattractiveandpleasant迷人，有魅力，有吸引力e.g.MayandOctoberarecharmingmonthstosailontheMediterraneanSea.5月和10月是乘船游览地中海好时光。Words&Phrases第52页zeal n.U(fml)great energy,effort,andenthusiasm热忱；热心；热情e.g.1.Heshowsgreatzealforknowledge.他表现出强烈求知热情。2.Shehadatruezealforjournalism.她对新闻工作怀有真正热情。3.Zealwithoutknowledgeisarunawayhorse.无知狂热如同脱缰野马。Words&Phrases第53页conserve vt.1)preventland,water,orothernaturalresourcesfrombeingdamagedordestroyed保护（水、土等自然资 源）2)useverylittleofsomethingsuchaselectricityorwatersothatitisnotwasted节约使用（电或水）Figure out the meanings of“conserve”in the following sentences.Match its usage with the meaning 1 or 2.Then translate the sentences into Chinese:Words&Phrases第54页1.保护（水、土等自然资源）2.节约使用（电或水）1.Officialsareurgingpeopletoconserveelectricalpowerandstayindoors.()官员要求民众节约用电，并呆在室内。2.Newlawstoconservewildlifeintheareahavebeenpublished.()为保护该地域野生动物而颁布了新法律。3.Onlyinthe20thcenturyhavepeoplebecomeconsciousofthefragilityofnatureandthusstartedtoconserveresources.()直到20世纪人们才意识到大自然脆弱，因而开始保护自然资源。Words&Phrases121第55页goodness n.Uthequalityofbeingmorallygood美德；善良；仁慈e.g.1.Whatistruth,goodness,beauty?什么是真、善、美？2.Beautywillfade,butnotgoodness.美貌会凋谢，但美德不会。3.InspiteofthebadthingshesdoneIstillbelieveinhisessentialgoodness.尽管他做了坏事，我依然相信他本性是善良。Words&Phrases第56页preach v.1)talkaboutareligioussubjectatareligiousmeeting,especiallyinchurch（尤指在教堂里）布道；讲道e.g.MissionariesgoaroundtheworldtopreachtheWord.传教士走遍世界各地宣扬福音。Words&Phrases第57页2)expressastrongopinionandtrytopersuadeotherpeopletoacceptit灌输；极力劝导e.g.1.Practisewhatyoupreach.躬行己说，身体力行。2.Itisnottheauthorsbusinesstopreach,buttogiveareal,historicalpictureoflife.作者责任不在于说教，而在于展现一幅真实含有历史 意义生活画面。Words&Phrases第58页for good or bad:不论怎样；不论好歹e.g.1.Forgoodorbad,heisyourboss.不论怎样，他是你老板。2.Forgoodorbad,thefactisthatanincreasingnumberofparentsaroundusaresendingtheirkidstovariousartclasses.不论好歹，事实是我们周围越来越多家长送孩子参加各种艺术班。Words&Phrases第59页at one with1)happyandrelaxedinyourenvironment在中怡然自得e.g.Youshouldbeatonewithyourclassmatesatschool.在学校里，你要和同学们和睦相处。2)inagreementwithsomeone与一致e.g.1.We,theOpposition,areatonewiththegovernmentonthisissue.我们反对党在这个问题上与政府意见是一致。2.IfyouvoteforMr.Bush,youhavetobeatonewith(himon)hiswarpolicy.假如你投布什先生票，你就是赞同他战争政策。Words&Phrases第60页shut ones eyes and ears to:refusetoseeorhearorthinkabout 拒不理会；拒不听某事Translate the following into English:1.一些领导对这些事实不闻不问。Someleadersshuttheireyesandearstothefacts.2.我们不能再对这些孩子遭遇充耳不闻了。Wecannolongershutoureyesandearstowhatshappeningtothesechildren.Words&Phrases第61页Gregorian calendar 格列高利历；公历；阳历TheGregoriancalendar,orsolarcalendar,isbasedonthemovementoftheeartharoundthesun,whichlasts 365 or 366 days.Oftencalledthe Western calendar,this is themostcommonlyusedcalendarintheworld.It was introduced by PopeGregoryXIIIin1582.PopeGregoryXIIIgavehisnametotheGregoriancalendarWords&PhrasesPope Gregory XIII第62页Cf.Thelunar calendarisbasedonthemovementofthemoonaroundtheearth,whichlasts29or30days.Inordertocatchupwiththesolarcalendar,extramonthsareaddedwhenevernecessary.Words&Phrases第63页Jesus 耶稣（基督教创始人）Jesus is the man on whose ideas Christianity isbased.ChristiansbelievehewasthesonofGod.HeisoftensimplycalledJesusorChrist.Words&Phrases第64页 as the end of the year when ours(according to the lunar calendar)is at least a month away?Thelunar calendarisbasedonthemovementofthemoonaroundtheearth,whichlasts29or30days.Inorder to catch up with the solar calendar,extramonthsareaddedwhenevernecessary.LanguagePoints 而我们自己岁末（按照阴历）最少还有一个月 才到呢？翻译：翻译：第65页 Their fears may be justified to a certain extent.The word justified means having an acceptableexplanation or reason.The writer then gives theexplanationinthefollowingsentence.LanguagePoints 从某种程度上讲，他们忧虑是有道理。翻译：翻译：第66页 For good or bad,the world has possibly undergone more changes Thewriterdoesnotwanttogetintothequestionofwhether what has happened has been good or bad.Thepointistoagreethattherehasbeenchangeandithasconsequences.LanguagePoints 不论是好是坏，世界可能所经历改变翻译：翻译：第67页 Television,we thought,was the last uniting factor till we got a feel for the Internet.Theexpressionget a feel for somethingmeanstobeaccustomed to something or to have or develop anunderstandingofsomethingandskillindoingit.LanguagePoints过去，我们一直把电视看作是连接全世界终极手段，直到我们了解了互联网，才发觉事实并非如此。翻译：翻译：第68页 Nothing comes without a rider in this globalmarket.AriderisanAmericanexpressionforaclauseaddedtoa law or legal document,often setting an extracondition.The sentence means nothing in the modern world comes without some unexpected or unwantedconsequences.Langu