资源描述
词类词类I wish you .Im sure well .It was a party.We crossed the river.success succeedsuccessfulsuccessfully成功成功必须搞清每一个词词类，必须搞清每一个词词类，要从头要从头树立词类概念。树立词类概念。第1页词类词类(parts of speech)词类 英语名称作用例词名词形容词数词表示人和事物名称表示人和事物名称人和事物特征人和事物特征表示数目和次序表示数目和次序bookgunbravebigninethirdn.a.,adj.num.代词动词副词代替名称代替名称 动词等动词等表示动作和状态表示动作和状态动作特征或性状特征动作特征或性状特征pron.v.adv.theymanyfightknowbravely very实义词实义词第2页词类词类英语英语名称名称 作作 用用例例 词词冠词冠词介词介词连词连词感叹词感叹词art.prep.conj.interj.用在名称前，帮助说明用在名称前，帮助说明其意义其意义在名称，代词前，说明在名称，代词前，说明它与别词之间关系它与别词之间关系用来连接词与词或句与用来连接词与词或句与句句说话时感情或口气说话时感情或口气a,an,the,for,from with withoutand,if.asoh,ah不能独立担当成份不能独立担当成份虚词虚词第3页句子成份句子成份主谓宾表主谓宾表定状补定状补同位语同位语第4页Different parts of a sentence 概概 念念句子是由词按照一定语法结构组成句子是由词按照一定语法结构组成.组组成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。成句子各个部分叫做句子成份。句子成句子成份包含：主语、谓语、表语、宾语份包含：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直（直接和间接宾语）、接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和宾语补足语、定语和状语。状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英语中，普通句子必须有在英语中，普通句子必须有主语和谓语主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语），表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里组成部分。其它成份如补足语是谓语里组成部分。其它成份如定语和状语是句子次要成份。定语和状语是句子次要成份。第5页1.1.主语主语表示所说对象是表示所说对象是“谁谁”或者是或者是“什么什么”.主语普通由主语普通由名词、代词名词、代词或相当于名词或相当于名词词词,短语或从句充当。短语或从句充当。I like English.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.What he said upset me.（主语从句）（主语从句）It hasnt been decided whether the sports game will be held.(主主语从句语从句)第6页2.2.谓语谓语位置普通在主语之后，说明主语位置普通在主语之后，说明主语动作动作或或状态状态。谓语只能由动词或动词短语充当谓语只能由动词或动词短语充当。Nobody knows him.The rich are not always happy.I am getting off at the next station.Will you have to go tomorrow?I wonder if it is because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.第7页3.宾语宾语宾语是宾语是及物动词及物动词所表示动作所表示动作对象对象，或，或介词介词所支配所支配对象对象。名词、代词（宾格）。名词、代词（宾格）、数词或相当于名词词、短语或从句、数词或相当于名词词、短语或从句都能够作宾语。都能够作宾语。We love our motherland.He gave up smoking last year.Do you understand what I mean?He bought me a gift.We must fight for peace.第8页4.4.表语表语表语放在系动词表语放在系动词(be(be等等)之后，用来说明之后，用来说明主主语特征、性质、身份或状态语特征、性质、身份或状态等。名词、形等。名词、形容词、副词、代词、分词、动词不定式、容词、副词、代词、分词、动词不定式、动名词、介词短语或从句都能够用作表语。动名词、介词短语或从句都能够用作表语。That sounds good.He became angry.My dream has come true.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.This is where he lives.第9页第10页5.5.定语定语主要由形容词或与之相当其它词类，短语或从句主要由形容词或与之相当其它词类，短语或从句充当。定语充当。定语用来用来修饰名词或代词修饰名词或代词.You are hard-working students.A broken heart/a swimming poolA baby girl Anne was a strong girl who was very found of nature.Lots of machines were made which used this kind of power.第11页6.6.状语状语主要由副词，或与之相当其它词类，短语主要由副词，或与之相当其它词类，短语或从句充当。状语用来或从句充当。状语用来修饰动词、形容词、修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。副词或整个句子。They are working hard.Surely,we will help you.Have you ever tried any adventure travel?He was reading yesterday afternoon.He was reading when his mother came in.第12页7.7.补语补语补充说明主语或宾语。由形容词，名词，补充说明主语或宾语。由形容词，名词，代词，数词等充当。代词，数词等充当。The bad news made us upset.We call her Jenny.They found him out.Tired and sleepy,I went to bed.第13页8.8.同位语同位语对前面名词或代词做深入解释说明。由名词，数词，对前面名词或代词做深入解释说明。由名词，数词，代词或从句充当。代词或从句充当。This is Miss Cao,our English teacher.She herself said so.Are you two ready?9.插入语插入语 Parenthesis He,I think,is a good student.By the way,what time is it by your watch第14页（简单句）第15页第16页 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，能够发觉其内在联络，变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，能够发觉其内在联络，找出其共同规律。英语句子基本结构能够归纳成五种基找出其共同规律。英语句子基本结构能够归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构基础。英语五种基本句型列式以下：英语五种基本句型列式以下：基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：+IO+DO（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：+O+OC（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）第17页基本句型 一+（主谓）此句型句子有一个共同特点，即句子谓语动词都能表示完整意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词（Vi），后面能够跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。第18页i （不及物（不及物动词动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed?woke.talked(for half an hour).walked(yesterday)is playinghave gone第19页基本句型 二+（主系表）此句型句子有一个共同特点：句子谓语动词都不能表示一个完整意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态表语组成复合谓语，才能表示完整意思。系动词：第20页第21页Linking-V系系动动词词）(表表语语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smellsfell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.第22页基本句型三+（主谓宾）此句型句子共同特点是：谓语动词都含有实义，都是主语产生动作，但不能表示完整意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词（Vt）。第23页t（实义动词实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.第24页基本句型四+IO+DO（主谓间宾直宾）此句型句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表示完整意思。这两个宾语一个是动作直接承受者，另一个是动作间接承受者。第25页（及（及物）物）IO（多（多指人）指人）DO（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 4.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 8.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.第26页1.give,pass,tell,teach,send,write,show,bring,offer等sth.to sb.2.buy,get,fetch,build,choose,make,save等sth.for sb.搭配不一样要记准第27页基本句型五+（主谓宾宾补）此句型句子共同特点是：动词即使是及物动词，不过只跟一个宾语还不能表示完整意思，必须加上一个补充成份来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。第28页（及物）（及物）（宾语宾语）（宾补宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.第29页（二）第30页1.Theyworkhard.主主 +谓谓2.Theflowerisdead.主主+系系+表表3.Plantsneedwater.主主+谓谓+宾宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主主 +谓谓第31页1.Theyworkhard.主主 +谓谓2.Theflowerisdead.主主+系系+表表3.Plantsneedwater.主主+谓谓+宾宾4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾5.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补6.Manyanimalsliveintrees.主主 +谓谓第32页第33页 1)make/let/have/get 四个使役动词四个使役动词 make sb.do Sb.be made to do make sb./sth.done Sb./Sth.be made done let sb.do have sb.do/doing/done get sb.to do/doing/done 2)leave/keep sb./sth.doing/done 3)一感觉，二听，六七看一感觉，二听，六七看 feel,listen to/hear,see/watch/notice/find/observe/catch see sb.do Sb.be seen to do see sb.doing Sb.be seen doing see sb.done Sb.be seen done help，call,tell，ask，think，wantsb.to do4)6123 consider/think/find/feel/make/believe it+n./adj.+to do/doing/that第34页用括号内词适当形式填空用括号内词适当形式填空1.The teacher caught her _(cheat)in the monthly exam.2.Suddenly,she felt some water _(flow)over her right leg.3.Can you notice some clouds _(move)fast?4.In order to make herself _(hear),the teacher had to raise her voice.5.The boss makes his workers _ all day.第35页6.Dont leave todays work _(undo)until tomorrow.7.She is always keeping others _(wait)for her.8.Do you want your child _(study)hard?9.I want to have my hair _(cut).10.The harvest had all the machines _(work)all day.第36页简单句简单句五种五种基本句型基本句型第37页第38页第39页请说出以下句子类型请说出以下句子类型1.Autumn is coming.2.They wont let me go.3.He showed me his new bike.4.She knows what to do.5.The weather is very cold.第40页第41页第42页英语句子种类英语句子种类简单句简单句并列句并列句 复合句复合句 第43页.简单句简单句 A.只包含一个主谓结构只包含一个主谓结构 Mary opened the door.B.两个主语和一个谓语两个主语和一个谓语 Steve and his friend are coming to dinner.C.一个主语和一个主语和并列谓语并列谓语 Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.第44页 把两个或几个简把两个或几个简单句用单句用并列连词并列连词连接连接起来，则成为一个并起来，则成为一个并列句。列句。.并列句并列句第45页惯用并列连词惯用并列连词表平行并列连词表平行并列连词表转折并列连词表转折并列连词表因果并列连词表因果并列连词 表选择并列连词表选择并列连词and,bothand,neither nornot only but also,but,however,while,yetfor,so or,eitheror第46页第47页 1.I turned on the TV.I watched it.I turned on the TV and watched it.2.I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.第48页惯用并列连词惯用并列连词表平行并列连词表平行并列连词表转折并列连词表转折并列连词表因果并列连词表因果并列连词 表选择并列连词表选择并列连词and,bothand,neither nornot only but also,but,however,while,yetfor,so or,eitheror第49页第50页1.He was tired.He went to bed.2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the dog.He was tired,so he went to bed.The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.请用适当请用适当并列连词并列连词把每组句子合把每组句子合并为一个并列句并为一个并列句第51页3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.He made a promise,but He didnt keep it.4.Mary is opening the door.John is greeting her guests.Mary is opening the door,and John is greeting her guests.第52页由一个主句加一个或多个从句组成复合句由一个主句加一个或多个从句组成复合句 主句是一个完整句子主句是一个完整句子(independent(independent sentence),sentence),它能够独立存在。它能够独立存在。从句是一个不完整句子从句是一个不完整句子,它必须由它必须由连接词连接词和一和一个主句连用，不能独立存在个主句连用，不能独立存在.复合句（复合句（Compound Sentence)第53页第54页I wonder if you could give me a hand.请指出该复合句主句和从句部分请指出该复合句主句和从句部分。从句主句第55页Anne wished she could tell people everything that she had gone through in the concentration camp（集中营）（集中营）.复合句中，主句只有一个，从句能够复合句中，主句只有一个，从句能够有有n个个.(n 1)She said that she was unhappy and that she would tell my manager about this.第56页1.名词性从句名词性从句在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：在复合句中，主要包含以下类型从句：1）主语从句）主语从句2）宾语从句宾语从句3）表语从句）表语从句 4）同位语从句）同位语从句2.状语从句状语从句3.定语从句定语从句第57页第58页指出以下各从句类型：指出以下各从句类型：vI hope that everything is all right.vShe was reading the newspaper when I came in.vShe is the girl who sings best of all.宾语从句宾语从句状语从句状语从句定语从定语从句句第59页vIt is such a big box that nobody can move it.vHe didnt come yesterday because he was ill.vIll give the letter to him when I see him.vWell go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.vAlthough the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.指出以下各从句中隶属连词指出以下各从句中隶属连词 第60页He has found out.She was late.(why)请用括号中所给词把每组句子连请用括号中所给词把每组句子连接为一个复合句接为一个复合句I still remember the day.I first came to Beijing on that day.(when)I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.He has found out why she was late.第61页1.My roommate was sleeping,we didnt want to wake her up.请用所学知识更正以下病句请用所学知识更正以下病句第62页更正：更正：My roommate was sleeping.We didnt want to wake her up.My roommate was sleeping,so we didnt want to wake her up.第63页2.I went to bed.Because I was tired.更正：更正：I went to bed because I was tired.第64页Thats all for the class！Thank you!第65页
展开阅读全文
浙ICP备2021020529号-1 | 浙B2-20240490 
