牛津英语音标教程.doc

音标概述
音标也叫音素。目前通用的国际音标共有48个，其中元音音素20个，其中单元音（12个）：/ i:/, / ɪ /, / ɔ:/, / ɔ /, / u:/, / ʊ /, /ə:/, / ә /, / ɑ:/, /Λ/, / e /, / æ/, 双元音（8个）：/ eɪ /, / aɪ /, / ɔɪ /, / әʊ /, / aʊ /, c. / ɪә /, / eә /, / ʊә /辅音音素28个。书写格式：

Lesson 1
元音[i:] [i] [ә:] [ә] 学习
[i:]嘴唇微微张开，舌尖低下齿，嘴角向两边张开，漏出微笑与E发音相同。发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea ee
e: me be she he we evening
ee sweet bee sweep sheep see sleep three green meet
ea :meat leaf sea pea teach eat clean please speak
根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中元音字母组合发音相同的两个词。
1.seat rain bean cat 2.gift feet teacher dog
3.pig star tree jeep 4.sweet sea fish the
[i]嘴唇微微张开，舌尖低下齿，舌前部太高，嘴型扁平,发这个音的字母和字母组合i e y ey ay
i: pig fish in fifteen six ship thin
e: begin behind jacket basketball
y: happy busy carry sunny lovely study thirsty twenty thirty windy
ey: monkey money
ay:Sunday Saturday Friday
根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母发音不相同的单词。
1.sofa sit kick lip 2.ink gift jam ship
3.hand picture big sister 4.hot lick pig jelly
[ә:] 嘴型扁平，上下齿微开，舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起。发这个音的字母和字母组合er ir ur ear or
er: her serve term
ir:bird girl skirt first dirty skirt shirt
ur:nurse Thursday turtle purple curtain
ear:early learn
or: word work world
根据发音规则，圈出每组中元音字母组合发音相同的单词。
1.thirty beer thirsty wheat 2. bank king her nurse
3.turtle bird rabbit knee 4.room run shirt term
[ә] 嘴唇微微张开，舌身平放，舌中部稍抬起，口腔自然放松。发这个音的字母和字母组合ure er ar or a e
er:teacher brother dinner father sister
a: panda about above camera sofa China
ar: sugar or:doctor ure: picture
根据发音规则，找出发[ә]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。
1.mother sofa road smile 2.sit father sister food
3. hair deer tiger China 4.sugar soon ear leader

音标[i:] [i] [ә:] [ә] 练习
1. 找出下列没有相同发音的词。
( ) ①he feet bread green ( ) ②pig is dog ship
( ) ③thirty bird her food ( ) ④she big in money
( ) ⑤sweets fish teacher we ( ) ⑥teacher sister about girl
( ) ⑦tiger first work shirt ( ) ⑧tree bean clean chin
( ) ⑨father doctor kirt china ( ) ⑩happy sea sit picture
2. 读音标写单词。
[bi:] [bә:d] [si:] [swi:t] [′bizi]
[hә:] [′dɔktә] [′sistә] [li:f] [hi:]
3. 连线。
meat [ә:]
thirsty [i:]
driver [ә]
animal [i:]
Lesson 2
音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]学习

[ɔ:] 双唇收得小而圆，并向前突出，舌身往后缩。发音的字母和字母组合a aw al or oor
a: water aw:draw strawberry
or:horse corn fork or short
oor:floor door al:ball wall
根据发音规则，找出发[ɔ:]的1个单词写在后面的横线上。
1.tall bird bread poor 2.idea chair sport hare
3.cake bear walk cup 4.drink short bag milk
[ɔ] 口腔打开，嘴张大，舌头向后缩，双唇微稍收圆发这个音的字母和字母组合o a
o: fox coffee dog shop dog doctor long
a: watch
根据发音规则，找出发[ɔ:]的2个单词写在后面的横线上。
1.doctor teacher box clothes 2.cold zoo clock dog
3.love boss lot violin 4.watch beach fox girl
[u:] 长乌音 嘴唇微微张开略向前突出，舌头尽量后缩发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo ui
o: do who whose
oo: food moon too
ui: fruit juice u: ruler rude
根据发音规则，找出不发[u:]的单词
1. juice moon zoo panda 2. tooth broom eye spoon
3. head boot noodles pool 4. noon cool boot watch
[u] 舌后部向软颚抬起，舌身向后缩，舌尖离下齿。双唇收圆，略向前突出发这个音的字母和字母组合o oo u
o:woman wolf
oo:look good book foot wood
u:bull bullet
根据发音规则，选出与其它单词元音发音不相同的单词
1.mouth book look pull 2.push tape sugar foot
3.wood kind wolf bull 4.bullet wood cook name
音标[ɔ:] [ɔ] [u:] [u]练习
一．找出下列没有相同发音的词。
( ) ①moon food eat fruit ( ) ②true book wood look
( ) ③four small walk bird ( ) ④got clock shop shirt
( ) ⑤bus foot push book ( ) ⑥lost ball long ox
( ) ⑦ruler dog mooncake blue ( ) ⑧big ship horse it
二 写出单词或音标。 [dɔ:] [sit] [bә:d]
[fut] [wi:] [dɔg] [′sistә]
三. 将下列单词与正确的音标用线连起来。
hot [blu:]
football [hɔt]
blue [ki:s]
kiss [futbɔ:l]
Lesson 3
音标[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] 学习

[a:]口腔打开，嘴张大，下巴放低， 发这个音的字母和字母组合a ar au ear
a: grass glass class plant dance fast father last
ar: car star arm March garden dark scarf
au: laugh aunt ear: heart
根据发音规则，圈出发[a:]的2个单词。
1.arm lip doctor card 2. cloud cart garden gate
3.ball scarf dark tiger 4. job lorry March park
[Λ]嘴唇微微张开，伸向两边 发这个音的字母和字母组合o u oo ou
o: son e colour love money
ou: touch cousin country
u: sun nut jump gum bus brush supper us
根据发音规则，找出每组中发[Λ]的单词。
1.hear cup bed air 2. voice boy duck ant
3.vase corn bear gun 4. cute boy money her
[æ] 90度大嘴音,嘴张大，舌尖抵下齿，嘴角尽量拉向两边。发这个音的字母a
a: dad cap cat bad apple bag flag hand rabbit ant black fat has stand rat map
根据发音规则，找出每组中发[æ]的单词。
1.rat bed face sport 2.hear cup fat pear
3.rice bat finger tree 4.sea young knife apple
[e] 舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，比/ I /低，唇形中长，牙床开工得比/ I /宽，上下齿间隔一个食指。 发这个音的字母和字母组合e ea
e: egg bell desk leg pet ten pen
ea: bread head breakfast
根据发音规则，找出每组中不发[e]的单词。
1.cat well leg pen 2.sweat map pet elephant
3.egg ten tall desk 4.bread head bed toy
音标[a:] [Λ] [æ] [e] 练习
一．选出下列没有相同发音的词。
( ) 1. car arm food garden ( ) 2. true jump bus cut
( ) 3. bag short map flag ( ) 4. egg pen head small
( ) 5. got clock bell dog ( ) 6. rabbit book wood foot
( )7. rat bat apple ten ( ) 8. gun star duck monkey
二. 写出单词或音标。
［pa:st］ [ru:m] [swet] [sit] [fæt] [gɔt] [cΛp] [shә:t] bag car bus bread star head
三. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词
like_________________(交通工具) hat ________________(动物)
lake ________________(食品) nice _______________(数字)
hot _________________(用品) well _______________(用品)

Lesson 4
元音音标[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au] 学习

[ei] 嘴角咧到耳朵上音重读[e]，轻读[i]口型由半开到合,发音的字母和字母组合a ai ay
a: cake make name game snake gate lazy age table eight
ai: rain train wait
ay:day May play taday way pay支付
ea: great
根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发音不一样的单词。
1.face wave sheep tail 2.grape plane name coat
3.time tape train snake 4.rain soap cake train
[ai] 饱满音舌尖抵住下齿，从/ a：/的部位向/ I /滑动。发音的字母和字母组合i y ie uy
i: kite bike nice tiger write knife china life
y: by cry fly my sky try why nine
ie:tie pie
uy:buy
根据发音规则，找出每组中发[ai]的2个单词.
1.rice good jam right 2.ship mine ice-cream mouse
3.cloud sit tie eye 4.write small tennis kite
[ɔi]由上述部位向/ I /滑动，由圆唇变成扁唇。发这个音的字母和字母组合oi oy
oi: oil boil coin
oy: boy toy
根据发音规则，找出每组中发[ɔi]的2个单词.
1.soil hear soy cold 2. rabbit bed boy noise
3.walk voise boil word 4. tea enjoy toy milk
[au] 鬼哭狼嚎合口双元音,舌尖稍触下齿由/ ə/滑向/ʊ /，双唇收圆，从/ ə /出发，然后双唇收圆也能发出此音。发这个音的字母和字母组合ou ow
ou: house mouse mouth trousers
ow: flower cow how now down
根据发音规则，选出不发[au]的单词。
1．mouse cloud arm clown 2.teacher trousers cow mouth
3. town dance flower house 4.tower blouse now baby
音标[ei] [ai] [ɔi] [au]练习
二. 选出下列没有发相同发音的词
( ) 1. cake egg rain May ( ) 2. kite cry broom fly
( ) 3. boy joy cat noise ( ) 4. blouse sun cow house
( ) 5. tower flower mouth arm
四. 把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来
bow [bau]
gate [pai]
tray [geit]
pie [trei]
poison [pɔizn]

Lesson 5
元音音标[әu] [iә] [eә] [uә]的学习

[әu] 疯狂外号：“疯狂舀水合口双元音”，简称“舀水音”。它由元音[ə]滑向后元音[u]，舌位由半低到高，口形由半开到小,注意将音发足,舌尖稍触下齿由/ ə/滑向/ʊ /，双唇收圆从/ ə /出发，然后双唇收圆也能发出此音。发音字母 发这个音的字母和字母组合o oa ow
o: nose rose open over zero old also only
oa: boat coat soap goat
ow:show window snow bowl know
根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[әu]的2个单词。
1．coat goat tree river 2.make window knife road
3. your white row coat 4.boat hen nose lamp
[iә] 由/ I /很快滑向/ ə /，发/ I /时唇扁平。 发这个音的字母和字母组合ear eer
ear: ear hear tear here clear清晰的
eer: deer beer
ea:idea
根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[eә]的1个单词。
1.bear idea pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb e
3.horse house tower air 4. ring king hare three
[eә] 发音时舌端抵下齿，前舌略抬起，双唇半开。发这个音的字母和字母组合air ear
air: hair chair pair air their where
ear:pear bear wear
根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[eә]的1个单词。
1.bear idea pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb e
3.horse house tower air 4. ring king hare three
[uә] 短乌卷舌音,嘴唇从收圆到半开。发好这个音的关键是首先要把[u]音发足，然后滑向[ə]音。由/ ʊ / 很快滑向/ə /。注意不要将/ ʊ /发成/ ʊ: /发这个音字母组合oor our ure
oor: poor
our: tour
ure: sure pure
根据发音规则，圈出每组中发[uә]的1个单词。
1.clear tourist pineapple tail 2.noodles pair climb fury
3.beard cure tower air 4. voice king pure engineer

音标[әu] [iә] [eә] [uә]的练习
一 选出下列没有相同发音的词。
( ) 1. mouth coat goat window
( ) 2. dear beer cake teacher
( ) 3. pair boy air hare
( ) 4. poor tour Europe cry
( ) 5. boat bike side fly
三. 写出单词或音标。
［nәuz］ [said] [iә] [kau] [peә] go ear near nose hear
Lesson 6

辅音

爆破音： [p][t][k] [b][d][g] 摩擦音： [f] [v] [s] [z] [θ] [ð]
破擦音： [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz] [t∫] [t3] 鼻辅音： [m] [n] [η]
舌侧音： 1）出现在元音之前叫作清晰舌边音2）出现在辅音及单词末尾时叫作模糊舌边音半元音：擦音中气流较弱，摩擦较小，介于元音跟辅音之 间的音 [w] [j] [3] [∫] [h] [r]
辅音音标[p] [b] [t] [d] 学习
[p] 双唇紧闭然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔，送气要强。/p/是清辅音，发音时声带不振动 发这个音的字母和字母组合p pp
p: piano panda parrot pet ship sheep pig stop
pp: apple happy
根据发音规则，圈出没有发[p]的单词。
1.ship phone sleep pear 2.pick pen big pineapple
3.taxi parrot sheep pig 4.panda pony pet truck
[b] 紧闭双唇然后突然分开，气流冲出口腔。/ b /是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。 发这个音的字母和字母组合b bb
b: book ball bird big boy bag banana
bb:rubber rabbit cabbage
根据发音规则，圈出发[b]的2个单词
1.cab gift beach love 2. pet god tub bed
3.weather boy bus make 4.rabbit read dress baby
[t] 舌尖紧贴上齿龈形成阻碍，舌尖突然下降，气流冲出口腔。送气要强发音的字母t tt
t: table tea taxi cat rat fat ticket
Tt: butter matter
根据发音规则，圈出没有发[t]的1个单词。
1.taxi fat bag toy 2.hat ticket tea duck 3.pocket packet cat rain
[d]舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成阻碍，舌尖突然下降气流从口腔冲出。发音的字母和字母组合d ed
d: duck seed door desk day red head bed read cold
ed: smiled opened played
根据发音规则，圈出没有发[d]的1个单词。
1.bed clothes hand 2.dog cold five 3.dance duck grape

音标[p] [b] [t] [d]练习
一. 选出下列没有相同发音的词
( ) 1. pear ship coat pig ( ) 2. taxi bean cab cabbage
( ) 3. hat sea ticket walle ( ) 4. seed dance hand full
( ) 5. pick pen sit pineapple ( ) 6. cold find door chair
( ) 7. cloth purple pool push ( ) 8. eat fan quiet set
二.写出单词或音标。
[pændә] [kΛt] [di:p] [klaud]
apple pear rabbit read

Lesson 7
辅音音标[k] [g] [s] [z] 学习
[k] 舌后部抬起，紧贴软颚，形成阻碍，舌后部突然离开，气流冲出口腔。送气要强发这个音的字母和字母组合c k ck
c: cap cook cup car can class
k: cook milk key desk kite cake
ck: clock sock cock neck
从下列单词中找出一个发[sk]的单词。
1. cake car desk neck 2. mask rock ink clock 3. disk truck silk duck
[g] 舌后部抬起紧贴软颚，形成阻碍，舌后部突然离开，气流冲出口腔。发这个音的字母和字母组合g gg
g: glass golf get girl bag goat flag gg: egg
根据发音规则，圈出发[g]的单词。
1.gas drive gum give violin bag 2.jeans orange log fridge guess 3. grade long language
[s] 舌端靠近齿龈，气流由舌端与齿龈间泄出，形成摩擦音。/ s /是清辅音，发音时声带不振动发这个音的字母和字母组合s c ss ce
s: star sun snake sea see
c: pencil city cedar ceiling celebrate
ss: grass glass class boss
ce: face race rice nice
根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发[s]的单词。
1. whose juice lick student 2. those case scarf hoes
3. space nose science meat 4. tears piece bus nose
[z]发音时 舌位与发/ s /时相同。/ z /时浊辅音，声带振动。发音的字母和字母组合z s se
z: zero zebra zoo se: nose rose
s: bags photos sisters
根据发音规则，圈出每组中2个发[z]的单词。
1.zoo freeze lick case 2. game play busy shoes
3.dog nose rose meat 4. tears peanut eagle zero
辅音音标[k] [g] [s] [z]练习
一 将下列没有相同发音的词找出来
( ) 1. car stay neck clock ( ) 2. gas give drive bag
( ) 3. sea boss rice cook ( ) 4. lick zoo rose zero
( ) 5. tears freeze desk busy
二. 写出单词或音标。
［rais］______ [nәuz] ______ [sneik] _____[gra:s] ____ [gɔlf] ______ [gla:s] ______ [kɔk] _____ki:] _____leg_____cake______ rice______ mouse ______nose______bag______ get______ kite______
三. 把下列单词与音标用线连接起来。
socks ['gigl]
giggle [gәust]
ghost [sɔks]
face [t∫i:z]
cheese [feis]
Lesson 8
辅音音标[∫] [3] [t∫] [d3] 学习
[∫] / ʃ /发音时 舌尖轻抵上齿背，气流由舌齿间的缝隙中泄出，形成摩擦音。发这个音的字母和字母组合s sh
s: sugar sure
sh: ship sheep wash cash shop she English fish
根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发[∫]的2个单词。
1. shell ship watch desk 2. truck shirt skirt ship
3. brush carrat sheep sleep 4. hero shape street shelf
[3] / ʒ /发音时 1）舌位与发/ ʃ /时相同。2）/ ʒ /时浊辅音，发音时声带振动。发这个音的字母和字母组合s
s: television, usually, Asia measure a garage usual my pleasure
根据发音规则，圈出下列单词中发[3]的2个单词。
1. shell ship garage desk 2. truck shirt pleasure ship
3. brush casual sheep sleep 4. hero shape leisure shelf
[t∫] 舌尖和舌端向上齿龈后部抬起，舌身紧靠上颚，形成狭长通道，气流由此通道通过，形成摩擦音。2）/ tʃ /是清辅音，发音时声带不振动 发这个音的字母和字母组合ch tch
ch: teacher peach cherry chair
tch: watch match
根据发音规则,找出下列单词中发[t∫]的单词，并抄下来。
1 chair dumpling beach cheese 2 night she monkey
3 China church these flower egg 4 dream shark chick catch
[d3] / dʒ /发音时 1）舌位与发/ tʃ /时相同。/ dʒ /是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。发这个音的字母和字母组合g j dge
g: ginger giraffe
j: jump job jam
ge: orange cabbage cage
dge: fridge brideg
根据发音规则,圈出下列单词中发[d3]的单词。
1 egg giraffe dragon grass cabbage job
2 gift gate orange drug jeans gun

音标[∫] [3] [t∫] [d3]练习
一. 选出下列具有相同发音的单
( )1. shell watch ship see
(