七年级英语语法之代、名、冠词复习及综合回顾练习.doc

英语学科初二讲义
学习课题
七年级语法之代、名、冠词复习及综合回顾练习
学习目标
掌握七年级基础语法框架
学习重点与难点
单项选择与综合填空必考点

本节知识
代 词
（一）代词分类：人称代词： 主格和宾格
物主代词: 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词
人称
第一人称
单 数
第二人称
单 数
第三人称单数
第一人称
复 数
第二人称
复 数
第三人称
复 数
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格

形容词物主代词
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词

注意--用法： 
①人称代词主格：作主语，常放在句首； 
②人称代词宾格：作宾语，放在动词和介词后； 
③形容词性物主代词：后有名词时，用形容词性；（有名则形） 
④名词性物主代词：后无名词时，用名词性。（无名则名）

练习：
1.  That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big.  ( I )
2.  The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )        
3.   Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4.   _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he )
5.   _________ dresses are red. (we) What color are _________? ( you )
跟踪练习--用所给词的适当形式填空。 
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 
4. _________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 
5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you )
6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she ) 
7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you ) 
8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they) 
9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it ) 
10. Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 名词
一、名词的分类
名词
专有名词
Mary玛丽Volvo沃尔沃
Chinese 汉语July七月Asia亚洲
普通名词
可数名词
个体名词
desk课桌house房子teacher教师
mother妈妈school学校
集体名词
people人们class同学们family家庭police警方
不可数名词
物质名词
water水coffee咖啡meat肉wool羊毛
抽象名词
health健康beauty美丽patience耐心youth青春
二、名词的数
1、可数名词单数变复数的规则
1）规则变化
形式
举例
一般在名词后
egg—eggs kite—kites dog—dogs pea—peas豌豆
以s，x，sh，ch等结尾的词后加
class—classes班级watch—watches手表box—boxes箱子
【特殊】部分以o结尾的单词，有生命的在词尾加-
其他无生命的加
hero—heroes 英雄
tomato—tomatoes西红柿potato—potatoes 土豆
【口诀】英雄吃西红柿拌土豆有意思（es）。
注：“意思”同-es谐音！
举例以-f或-fe结尾的名词，一般把-f，-fe变为
【口诀】妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去砍狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己（oneself）命，半片树叶（leaf）遮目光。
“辅音字母+y”结尾时，变
baby—babies婴儿city—cities城市
factory—factories工厂
“元音字母+y”结尾时，直接加-
boy—boys男孩
2）不规则变化

例词
把a变成e
man—men男子woman—women 妇女gentleman—gentlemen先生
oo变成ee
foot—feet 脚tooth—teeth牙齿goose—geese 鹅
特殊变化
mouse—mice老鼠
在词尾加-ren或-en
child—children 儿童ox—oxen牛
单复数形式相同
sheep—sheep绵羊deer—deer鹿 fish—fish鱼
巧记国名变化
【口诀】中日不变，英法变，其余后面-s添。
Chinese—Chinese中国人Japanese—Japanese日本人
Englishman→Englishmen英国人Frenchman → Frenchmen法国人
German—Germans德国人
复合名词，一般只变后面的，但是有man/woman的两个都要变
A flower shop ---
A man doctor ----
3）提醒有一些名词经常或只用于复数形式。如：
trousers裤子；pants裤子；jeans 牛仔裤；shorts短裤；stockings长袜；socks短袜；shoes鞋子；glasses眼镜；clothes衣服；people 人们，police警察们
2、不可数名词
不可数名词就是无法或不能用数目来计算的名词。
不可数名词主要分物质名词和抽象名词两类。

意义
举例
物质名词
指无法分为个体的词
gold金子，wood木头，snow雪，rain雨，water水，coffee咖啡，tea茶，meat肉，milk牛奶，rice米饭，bread面包，orange橘汁
【口诀巧记不可数名词】
金、木、水、火、土，米、面、茶、肉、布。
动作、状态与品质，还有情感名词不可数。
抽象名词
指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的词
work工作，study学习，love爱，friendship 友谊
不可数名词没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。其复数形式体现在量词上。
例如：a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper
3、既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，但意义不同的词
单词
可数
不可数
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
paper
报纸、试卷
纸
light
电灯
光
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
fish
鱼
鱼肉
orange
橘子
橘子汁
work
著作、作品
工作
interest
爱好
兴趣
life
性命
人生
room
房间
空间
4、名词的修饰词
只能修饰可数名词
只能修饰不可数名词
可数不可数都能修饰
many, few, a few, a number of
much,a little, little
a lot of=lots of, plenty of, some, any
四、名词的所有格
1、-’s 所有格
名词情况
构成方法
举例
有生命的单数名词
单数名词后加“‘s”
Mary’s father迈克的父亲
有生命的复数名词
以复数词缀-s结尾的复数名词，其后只加“‘”
the teachers’ office
教师办公室

不以复数词缀-s结尾的复数名词，其后要加“‘s”
children’s books
儿童读物
表示几个人共同拥有
只在最后一个名词后加“‘s”
Mary and Kate’s room
玛丽和凯特的房间（共有）
表示每人各自拥有
在每个名词后都加“‘s”
Jane’s and Tom’s textbooks
简和汤姆的课本（不共有）
时间和距离的所有歌
用s’ 或连字符号-表示
3 hours walk = 3-hour walk

2、of所有格
名词情况
举例
一般说来，无生命的名词用of 所有格。
a photograph of our village我们村庄的一张照片

3、双重所有格
所谓双重所有格就是指将–’s 所有格与of所有格结合起来一起使用。如：
a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友
a photo of Mr. Smith’s 史密斯先生的一张照片
冠词（a， an, the, /）
I. 不定冠词a 、an 的用法
1、泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类。
如： An elephant is much heavier than a horse.
His father is a taxi driver.
2、用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。
I have read the books twice, but I want to read a third time.
3、a / an 的区别
a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。
特殊词：a usual boy ; a useful book ; a university ; a one –leg dog
an honest boy ; an hour ; an honor ，an “a , e , i , o , f, h , l , m , n , r , s , x ”
例如：
1.Jim is ___ honest boy and he is ___university student .
2.English is ___ useful language.
3.He is ___ unhappy boy.
4.My father will come back in __ hour .
5.There is ___ “u” and __ “s” in the word “use”
II.定冠词the 的用法
1. 第二次提到
This is an apple. The apple is mine.
2. 特指 The boy in red is my brother.
3. 用在独一无二的名词前
the sun 太阳 / the moon 月亮 / the earth地球
4. 用在最高级前
the youngest / the most beautiful
5. 用在序数词前
the first / the second / the third / the fourth
6. 用在西方乐器前
play the piano / the guitar
7. The +姓的复数 表示一家人
The Smiths / the Greens 斯密斯 一家 / 格林一家
8. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前
the Great Wall the United States
III.零冠词的用法
零冠词（不用冠词）
1、在专有名词（国名，城市名，人名, 路名）前不用冠词。
Beijing is a beautiful city.
2、表泛指的不可数名词或名词复数前不用冠词。
Snow is white and beautiful
3、在球类运动，棋类和学科名词前不用冠词。
Mr zhang likes playing football and chess.
4、在季节，月份，星期，节日和三餐饭前不用冠词。
Today is Children’s Day .All the students have lunch at school.
但中国的传统节日前一般加“the”
The Mid-Autumn Day 中秋节 The Spring Festival 春节
5、在称呼语或表示头衔的职位名词前不用冠词。
Mr Wang is from Australia
6、名词前有“this , that , those , these , my ,your ,some ”等词修饰时不用冠词。
This is my Chinese book .
7、 固定搭配
at first at last at noon at home
首先 最后 在中午 在家
on foot in bed in hospital go to school
步行 躺在床上 住院 上学

课堂练习
一、 单选
1. —How was _____dinner at Mike’ s house.
—It was great. Mike’s mom is ___ good cook.
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; an
2. How many hours do you spend ________ your homework at home every day?
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
3. The number of candles __________the person’s age.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
4. —Do you know________ boy with blonde hair?
— Yes. He is ________ American boy. He is Benny.
A. the, the B. the, an C. the, a D. a, an
5. —Did you see _______ sheep in the zoo? — No, I didn’t. But I saw _______ tigers.
A. some, any B. any, some C. some, some D. any, any
6. It’s very important for us________ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. learned D. to learn
7. —Could you just tell him ?
—Sure, no problems.
call back me B.to call back me
C.call me back D.to call me back
8. Play baseball in the garden (花园). Your grandfather wants to relax there.
A. Can’t B.Not C.No D. Don’t
9. Turn right the second crossing and the hotel is _______your left.
A. on,on B.on,at C.at,on D.at, at
二、 词性转换
1. . They think these foods can bring bad_____ (lucky) to people.
2.. We talked with some of the _____ (village) in the countryside.
3.. I bought many _____ (love) gifts for my friends.
4..She is (interest) in writing.
5.All of us got very happy when we heard the (excite) news.
6. My aunt is very beautiful. She looks like an (act) in the movie.
7. —The mountain is so high. Do you know its ________ (high)?
—Yes. It’s 8844.8 meters.
8. —Does your grandfather wear________ (glass)? —Yes, he does.
9. I like to see animals living in a_________________ (nature) park.
10. New York is an ___________________ (America) city.
三、选词填空
根据短文内容，选出适当的单词填空，使语意通顺完整。每个选项只用一次，有两项剩余。
A. about B. tired C. her D. shopping E. difficult F. swam
G. an H. weekend I. So J. But K. easily L. sang
Last night, I met my friends Victor and Annie. We talked about their last weekend. For victor, the (71) wasn’t bad. On Saturday, he finished his homework (72) . Because the homework is very easy. On Sunday, he watched (73) interesting talk show. “It was great!” he said. (74) Annie’s weekend wasn’t very good. She was really (75) because she had a busy weekend. She went (76) on Saturday morning and read a book (77) music on Saturday afternoon. She visited (78) grandmother on Saturday evening. On Sunday, she (79) a new song for the school music festival. It was a little (80) , so she asked her mother to help her.
四．阅读理解
I’m Tom. My best friends are John and Ann. We do many things together. John lives near my house and we are in the same class. He’s fifteen years old. He’s tall and thin with blond hair. He’s polite (有礼貌的) and very clever. He’s very good at math. He sometimes helps me with my homework. He usually wears jeans and a T-shirt. We often play basketball in a nearby (附近的) park together.
Our friend Ann isn’t in our school. She’s short with straight brown hair. She’s a little bit shy. We all have kung fu lesson every Tuesday afternoon. Ann is really good at kung fu. We call her the “kung fu kid”. She sometimes plays basketball with us, too. She often wears a dress or a T-shirt. The three of us have great fun together.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
36. How old is John?
A. 13 B.14 C. 15 D. 16
37. Where do they often play basketball together?
A. In their school B. In a nearby park C. At John’s home D. At Ann’s home
38. What does Ann look like?
A. She’s tall and thin with blond hair. B. She’s polite and very clever.
C. She is really good at kung fu. D. She’s short with straight brown hair.
39. When do the children have kung fu lesson?
A. Every Tuesday afternoon. B. Every Wednesday afternoon.
C. Every Thursday afternoon. D. Every Saturday afternoon.
40. Who is the “kung fu kid”?
A. Tom B. John C. Ann D. John and Ann
课后作业
1. 整理本次课讲的各个语法点
2. 阅读表达
HOUSE FOR SALE：Comfortable（舒适的）family home with a large garden on the north side of town. Three bedrooms, a living room, a kitchen, a bathroom. Pay ￥280,000 for it.
The Browns are looking for a new house. Mr Brown wants to live on the north side of the town near his work. Mrs Brown wants a house with four bedrooms. Their children don't care the house is like but the garden is big enough.
DRIVER WANTED for busy restaurant. Some evening and weekend work. All meals free. Call 3320178.
Jack wants to drive. He thinks it's very interesting. The work is hard but he doesn't mind. He has to work in the evenings and weekends, but he can get some weekdays off. It's not very well paid, but he never minds.
JOIN OUR FOOTBALL TEAM. Boys and girls wanted to play for a local（本地的） football team. Aged 9～13. Meet in Green Park on Friday at 3 pm.
Tom: There is a new football team starting in the village, Mum. I'm old enough to play it. School is over at half past three, so I’d have a lot of time.
Mum: Well. I'm sure you could do your homework in the evenings. But look, Tom, You don’t read the paper carefully. You can’t possibly play for this team.
21. What do you think of the house?

22.Does Mr Brown want to buy the house? Why?

23.Why didn't the Browns buy the house in the ad？

24.Why does Jack want to get the job in the restaurant?

25.Why can't Tom play for the new football team?

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