资源描述
Unit1 what is beauty?
New words and expressions
1. go to some/ great/ all lengths to do sth
go to any length to do sth 竭尽全力，不遗余力
I`ll go to any length to help a friend in trouble.
2. former adj. 以前的，从前的；（置于名此前）
my former English teacher/ the former world champion /my former wife
in former times/days从前，往昔；
the former the latter 前者（的）；后者（的）；
John and Jane are sisters. The former is a pianist; the latter is a singer.
3. a writer and lecturer 一位作家兼讲师
Jay Chou, a singer and actor, is very popular among young people.
4. compliment
u n. 赞扬，称赞；荣誉的事，敬意；
pay sb. a compliment = pay a compliment to sb. = praise sb. for sth.对某人表示赞扬；
1) Thank you for your compliment.
2) She paid me a very charming compliment on my painting. 她极为赞赏我的画.
v compliments [pl.]问候，致意，祝贺；
3) Give my compliments to your father.
Compliments of the season! 谨致节日的祝贺！
w v 恭维，夸奖，称赞；（compliment sb. on sth.）
4) She complimented him on his excellent German.
5) One likes to hear compliments on one’s appearance.人人都爱听夸奖自己容貌的话.
5．look one`s best 看上去最美
The lake looks its best in the winter.
6. Watch what you eat.
watch= pay attention to / notice 注意，留心
1) Watch the cars when you cross the street.
2) Watch your steps！
7. It`s up to sb to do sth. 由……决定；是……的职责/责任
1）It`s not up to you to tell me what to do.
2) –Coffee or juice?
--It`s up to you.
8. regardless of 不管 = in spite of / despite
regardless of the consequences, danger, expense
1) He continued speaking, regardless of my feelings on the matter.
2) Regardless of the difficulty, you must finish the task by tomorrow.
3) Regardless of his father`s objections, he went to play football.
9. emphasis
u [c]&[u] 强调，重视； lay / put / place (great/much)~ on/upon (doing ) sth
1) A special emphasis was placed /laid on/upon cutting costs.
2) Some schools put/lay /place great ~ on language study.
with emphasis [adv.] 强调，用力
3) He spoke with emphasis on the necessity of co-operation.
v emphasize = emphasise v. 强调…，着重…，把重点放在…；
4) Which word should I emphasize?
5) He emphasized the importance of careful driving.
= He emphasized that careful driving is important.
10. fit
u adj. 适合的，相称的，得当的；（unfit）be fit for sth / (for sb )to do sth
a place fit for a camp = a fit place for a camp
1) What kind of job is he fit for?
2) Is this water fit to drink?
3) The house isn’t fit for you to live in.
v adj. 健康的，精力充沛的（不置于名词前）； keep (sb) fit = keep (sb) healthy
4) Exercise keeps you fit.
5) Don’t you feel fit?
[idiom]: as fit as a fiddle非常健康.
w vt. 使符合，使适合；
6) This jacket fits me well.
7) The key doesn’t fit the lock.
x vi.适合，符合；
8) These shoes fit perfectly.
fit in with相处融洽；She doesn’t fit in with the rest of the class.
11. stretch
vt. & vi. 拉长，拽宽，撑大，撑松；伸展，舒展（肢体）
1) Is there any way of stretching shoes?
2) He stretched (out his arms) and yawned lazily.
12. endure
① vt. 忍耐, 忍受; endure (doing/to do) sth
1) Can you endure that noise?
2) They had to endure a long wait before the result
3) He can’t endure being defeated. = He can’t endure to be defeated.
②endurable adj.
4) I felt that life was no longer endurable.
③endurance n endurance test
13. considerable & considerate
considerate adj. 体贴他人的；
considerable adj. 相当大的数量、数目、距离；
It is considerate of sb to do sth 某人做某事是体贴人的；
1) It was considerate of you to turn down the radio while he was sleeping.
2) He is a considerate person.
3) I bought the piano at considerable expense.
14．free adj.
自由的；无约束的； be free to do sth 随心所欲的做某事
Every parent was free to express himself at the parents’ meeting.
有空的；I have no free afternoon this term.
免费的；We used to enjoy free medical care.
free from不受影响；没有．．．的；The old lady is never free from pain.
free of远离；无．．．付费需要；
They are living in a village, free of crowds and noise.
All the tickets are free of charge.
freedom n
15. point 意义，目的
I don`t see the /any point of doing it all again. 我就不明白，再做一次有什么意义。
There is no point in doing sth 做……是没有意义的
There is no point in blaming yourself too much for the mistake.
16．set out
1) The way John set out his plan impressed his boss deeply. （表明，陈述）
2) The girl set out to practice playing the violin. （开始着手做某事）
3) We` d better set out early tomorrow. （ 出发，动身）
4) we`ll need set out some chairs for the meeting. ( 摆放,安排)
17. issue
（亦用an issue） ①n.[c] 问题，论点，争论；
a political/an economic issue政治/经济问题；
The rising unemployment was the most important issue at Congress.
②n.[u]（亦用an issue）发行，刊行；[u]发行物，刊物；
the June/latest issue of a magazine杂志的6月号/最新一期；
③vt. 发行（邮票、通货、印刷物），出版；
issue stamps /coins /shares /newspapers /magazines
This magazine is issued weekly.
④vt. 发出（命令、声明），公布；~ orders /instructions /a statement
The government issued a statement about the problem.
Expressions
1. welcome to ‘Head to Head’ 欢迎收听《人与人》节目 2. go to (great) lengths 竭尽全力
3. make oneself more beautiful 使自己更漂亮 4. in quotes 在引号中
5. agree with sb./what sb. says 同意… 6. suffer from 忍受,遭受
7. on the earth 在地球上 8. be up to sb.由某人决定
9.keep oneself fit 使自己保持健康
10. put emphasis on 把重点放在; too much emphasis过多强调
11. be right for sb. 适合某人 12. cosmetic surgery 整容手术[来源:学科网ZXXK]
13. fit society’s current ideas 符合社会的现代潮流 14. go in for 喜欢;从事
15. Southeast Asia 东南亚 16. look back (on/upon/to) 回顾
17. push sb. into …催促某人做…
18. Judge people by their appearance.以貌取人
19. set out 1)表明(想法,理由) 2)动身,出发 3) ~to do 想开始做…，着手…
20. take the first call 接听第一个电话
21. (be) on the line 在接电话或打电话进来 22. make tattoo 文身[来源:学科网ZXXK]
23. give sb. a brief historical perspective on sth. 从历史的角度给某人简单地讲述有关……
24. start with 从…开始
25. come along 出现，到来；进展，改进，提高；一起去（或来）
语法讲解：倒装句
主语和谓语有两种顺序：一是主语在前，叫自然语序。反之，如果谓语在主语前就是倒装语序，又分全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。
一、全部倒装
1.there be 句型：
可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。如：
There are many students in the classroom.
Long ，long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.
There happened to be nobody in the bedroom when the fire broke out.
2.Here/There/Now＋vi.（常为come,go）＋主语（必须是名词）
此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是“喂，注意了”。如：
Here comes Mary. → I can see Mary coming.
There goes the bell. →I can hear the bell ringing.
Here comes the bus.
here句中也可用系动词。如：
Here are some story books I want. →Here is what you asked for，or you are looking for.
3.then引起谓语为 come，follow的句子。如：
Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。
Then followed eight years of the AntiJapanese War.接着是八年抗战。
4.out，in，up,down，away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词come， go，run ,rush，etc。句式为：副词＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如：
Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.
In came the rose fragrance through the windows.
5.介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语＋vi.＋主语（必须是名词）。如：
In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。
6.表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语＋系动词＋主语（必须是名词）。
Gone are the days when the teachers were looked down upon.
On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.
South of city are two big lakes.
二、部分倒装
1.“only＋副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句”开头的句子。如：
Only then did I realize the importance of English.
Only in this way can you make progress in your English.
注意：１）在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
２）only修饰主语，不倒装。
Only Tom knows the answer.只有汤姆知道答案。
2.否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装。
表示否定的副词never，nor，neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不，在任何情况下都不）not until，not only...but also，no sooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely...
when。即“否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他”。如：
Never have I been in this city.
Little/Seldom do I watch TV.
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
注意：1)关联词的搭配。
2)前一分句倒装，后一分句不倒装。
3.以so开头,用 “so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为“也，同样，也如此”。表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，用“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”。
Society has changed and so have the people in it.
注意: 1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为 “的确，正是”。
—Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。
—So he does and so do you.的确如此，你也是。
2）倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。
If you don’t go，neither/nor shall I.（If you don’t go，I shall not go.）
注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。
She does well in English，but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy.
4.由as引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形＋as＋主语＋其他。如：
Clever as he is，he doesn’t study well.虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。
Child as he is， he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。
Much as I like it，I won’t buy it.虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。
Try as she might， she failed.虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。
注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略
5.在so...that从句中，如果so＋adj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒装。
So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.
6.某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序。
May you succeed.祝你成功！
Long live the Communist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！
同步练习
1. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.
A. lies Chongqing B. Chongqing lies C. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
2. We laugh at jokes，but seldom ______ about how they work．
A．we think B．think we C．we do think D．do we think
3. Never______ Lisa would arrive but she turned up at the last minute.
A． did we think B．have we thought C．we thought D．we have thought
4. John opened the door. There ______ he had never seen before.
A. a girl did stand B. a girl stood C. did a girl stand D. stood a girl
5. Not until he left his home ______ to know how important the family was for him.
A . did he begin B. had he begun C. he began D. he had begun
6. At the foot of the mountain ___________.
A .a village lie B. lies a village C．does a village lie D. lying a village
7. _______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student
8. So sudden ________that the enemy had no time to escape.
A. did the attack B.the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was
9. Little _______ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
A．did Rose care B．Rose did care C．Rose does care D．does Rose care
10. Never in my wildest dreams_____these people are living in such poor conditions.
A.I could image B.could I image C. I couldn’t image D. couldn’t I image
11. I have tried very hard to improve my English, but by no means ______with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied. B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teachers is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
12. -----My room gets very cold at night.
----___________.
A. So is mine B. So mine is C. So does mine D. So mine does
13. _____that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business
C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business
14. Only then ______ how much damage had been caused?
A. She realized B. she had realized C. had she realized D. did she realize
15. On the coast _______________.
A. a town lie B. lies a town C. does a town lie D. laying a town
16. ----Did Linda see the traffic accident?
----No, no sooner ______than it happened.
A. had she goon B. she had gone C. has she gone D.she has gone
17. So much homework ______that we had no time to take a rest.
A. did we have to do B.we did have to do C.we have to do did D. we have to did do
18. , his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange
C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound
19. , women don’t get as well paid as men.
A. Try though they might B. Try as they might
C. Try as might they D. Try though might they
More reading
1. aim at v 针对；对象是。
1) What students aim at should no longer be their scores in exams, but their practical ability.
2) The book is aimed at very young children.这本书的对象是幼童。
Aim to do sth 目的是做某事
2. supply
u vt. 供应，供给，补给；supply sb with sth = supply sth to sb：向某人供应某物
1) They supply us with fresh vegetables．= They supply vegetables to us．
2) The media supplies lots of information to us every day.
The media supplies us with lots of information.
v. n 供应量，供给量，供应，供给；
The water supply = the supply of water (food / electricity )
w supplies生活必需品，日用品；
medical supplies医疗用品；
school/office supplies学校/办公用品
Our supplies were running out.
supply and demand供求关系
3. It is suggested that……( should do )
It is suggested that he (should) not follow a career like his father`s.
4. sharp adj. 锐利的；尖的；急转的；剧烈的；敏锐的；
a sharp knife快刀 /a sharp turn急转弯 / a sharp boy聪明的孩子
a sharp pain in one of the teeth.一只牙齿剧痛
adv. 几点整；Tell him I’ll be there at eleven sharp.
构词法：sharpªsharpen；wideªwiden；weakªweaken；deepªdeepen；broadªbroaden；strengthªstrengthen；lengthªlengthen；courageªencourage；largeªenlarge；
5. sum
u n.[c]合计，总计，和，总数；
the sum/the total
the sum of incomes收入总和
v n.[c]金额
a large/small sum of money巨/小额的钱
w vi sum up 合计，总计为；总而言之；
sum up all the expenses总计全部支出
To sum up, he agrees with us.总而言之，他赞成我们的意见。
6. Recommend v. 推荐，推举
① recommend … for… The pills are recommended for a cold.
② recommend sb. for… He will recommend you for the job.
③ recommend sth to sb= recommend sb sth
Would you recommend a good dictionary for me?
= Would you recommend me a good dictionary?
④ recommend sb as… I recommend her as your secretary.
⑤ recommend doing
He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.
Recommend sb to do sth
The doctor recommended me to take a long rest.
⑥ recommend that …
The teacher recommended that we (should) read the novel.
7. Beneficial adj. 有用的，有好处的
Be beneficial to 对……有益
Fresh air is beneficial to one’s health.
Benefit n. 好处，利益
I’ve had the benefit of a good education.
For one’s own benefit 为了某人好
Although she didn’t mention me by name, I know her remarks were intended for my benefit.
Benefit sb v. 使某人受益
This facilities have benefited the whole town.
Benefit from/by … 得益
He hasn’t benefited from the experience.
Expressions
1. aim at 把目标对准 2. at a higher rate 以更高的速率；以较高价格
3. increase the strength of heart and lungs 增强心肺力量
4. reduce blood pressure 降低血压 5. reduce the risk of heart attack降低心脏病的风险
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