北京旅游景点天安门英文导游词.doc

-范文最新推荐- 北京旅游景点天安门英文导游词 tiananmen rostrumtiananmen( the gate of heavenly peace), is located in the center of beijing. it was first built in 1417 and named chengtianmen( the gate of heavenly succession). at the end of the ming dynasty, it was seriously damaged by war. when it was rebuilt under the qing in 1651, it was renamed tiananmen, and served as the main entrance to the imperial city, the administrative and residential quarters for court officials and retainers. the southern sections of the imperial city wall still stand on both sides of the gate. the tower at the top of the gate is nine-room wide and five room deep. according to the book of changes, the two numbers nine and five, when combined, symbolize the supreme status of a sovereign.during the ming and qing dynasties, tiananmen was the place where state ceremonies took place. the most important one of them was the issuing of imperial edicts, which followed these steps: 1) the minister of rites would receive the edict in taihedian( hall of supreme harmony), where the emperor was holding his court. the minister would then carry the decree on a yunpan( tray of cloud), and withdraw from the hall via taihemen( gate of supreme harmony)2) the minister would put the tray in a miniature longting( dragon pavilion). beneath a yellow umbrella and carry it via wumen( meridian gate), to tiananmen gate tower.3) a courtier would be invested to proclaim the edict. the civil and military officials lining both sides of the gateway beneath the tower would prostrate themselves in the direction of the emperor in waiting for the decree to the proclaimed.4) the courtier would then put the edict in a phoenix-shaped wooden box and lower it from the tower by means of a silk cord. the document would finally be carried in a similar tray of cloud under a yellow umbrella to the ministry of rites.5) the edict, copied on yellow paper, would be made known to the whole country.such a process was historically recorded as “ imperial edict issued by golden phoenix”.during the ming and qing dynasties tiananmen was the most important passage. it was this gate that the emperor and his retinue would go through on their way to the altars for ritual and religious activities. 北京长城英文导游词 岳阳楼英文导游辞 重庆英文导游词 西藏英文导游词the stream in front of tiananmen is called waijinshuihe( outer golden river),with seven marble bridges spanning over it . of these seven bridges,historical records say the middle one was for the exclusive use of the emperor and was accordingly called yuluqiao( imperial bridge). the bridges flanking it on either side were meant for the members of the royal family and were therefore called wanggongqiao( royals bridges). farther away on each side of the two were bridges for officials ranking above the third order and were named pinjiqiao( ministerial bridges). the remaining two bridges were for the use by the retinue below the third order and wre called gongshengqiao( common bridges). they anr the one in front of the supreme ancestral temple to the east and the one in front of the altar of land and grain to the west.the two stone lions by the gate of tiananmen, one on each side were meant as sentries. they gaze toward the middle axis, guarding the emperors walkway. in front of the gate stands a pair of marble columns called huabiao. they are elaborately cut in bas-relief following the pattern of a legendary dragon. behind the gate stands another pair of similar columns. the story of huabiao may be traced to a couple of sources. one of the versions accredits its invention to one of the chinese sage kings named yao, who was said to have set up a wooden pillar in order to allow the ordinary people to expose evil-doers, hence it was originally called a slander pillar. later it ws reduced to a signpost, and now it serves as an ornament. city,shanxi province ,70km from wutai county town ,140km from xinzhou city town and 240km from taiyuan city in the southwest and 210km from datong in the north ,with a total area of about 2837sq.km.wutai mountain scenic spot area is situated in the region with taihuai town as center in thenorth part of wutai county ,with an area of 376sq.km. it is a national –levelscenic spot area at nation level and a national class 4a tourist scenic spot area wutai mountain has peaks rising one higher than another and chain of mountains in stagger like a coiling dragon and crouching tiger .the whole mountain has more than 1100 varieties of plant and ,among them ,the wutai mountain mushroom is both the good food for eating and valuable drug and was determined as an article of tribute by an emperor in historywutai mountain is the highest mountainous land in north china region ,with the north platform top being at an altitude of 3058m above sea level and called roof ridge of north china ,wutai mountain had its name because it has five main peaks with flat and broad platforms .it has five called cool mountain by the buddhists believers and is one of the five main buddhist holy lands in the world and also a famous activity place of buddhism in china ,ranking first among the four main buddhist famous mountains in china ,where often reside 1200 monks and nuns now ,from north wei to qing dynasty ,the emperors of the past dynasties all have arrived wutai mountain and the eminent monks and great teachers of wutai mountain came forth in large numbers ,these great teachers and grand masters in the history of chinese buddhism have made outstanding contributions for the buddhist culture of wutai mountain so that wutai mountain has become an institution for the overseas believers to study abroad and listen to scriptures and written down a brilliant historic volume of sino-foreign cultural exchange.wutai mountain is a treasure –house of ancient architecture of china ,where the cultural relics gather together and treasures come together in crowds .now , wutai mountain has 47 temples ,and among them are 4 national-level key cultural relic preservation units and nearly 20 are provincial –level key cultural relic preservation units .of the four wood –structure buildings of tang dynasty kept in shanxi ,two are in wutai mountain ,tang song ,liao ,jin ,yuan ,ming and qing dynasties ,and minguo all left behind large buildings of typical wood structure and this itself is a volume of vast and numerious ancient architectural history of china.wutai mountain has long cultural history and magnificent natural sight .in the temples of the whole mountain ate kept 17445 buddha statues ,224pieces of stone tablets, 58 pieces of horizontal boards, 7297 volumes of scriptures books in 928 cases,frescoes of 911sq.km and 1355 pieces of valuable cultural relics such as musical instruments used in buddhist mass and offering wares .all these are the valuable materials for studying the ancient history .science and culture and arts of china . wutai mountain was also renowned for the revolutionary base area .in the initial period of the war of resistance against japan, wutai mountain was the first base area of resistance against japan behind enemy’s lines in china and the birthplace of shanxi –chahar –hebei border area .in the years of revolutionary war ,the revolutionaries of old generation such as mao zedong ,zhou enlai ,liu shaoqi and zhu de and the international communist fighter batune fought and worked here.today ,what we will tour at first is xiantong temple ,xiantong temple is situated at the south foot of lingjiu peak in the central district of taihuai town and is one of five main mediation places of wutai mountain .it is also the leader temple most worshipp ed in the buddhist circle of wutai mountain .xiantong temple occupies a land of 43700sq.km and has 400 houses and 65 halls in total .itwas initially built in the eleventh year of yongping period ,east han dynasty and has a history of nearly 2000 years to date .since the peak of posa top is very similar to the vulture peak of india (the place where sakyamuni taught scriptures of his disciples),it was named lingjiu temple after the name of the mountain later ming emperor of han dynasty added two characters da fuin chinese (meaning grandness and creditability )before lingjiu temple so that the complete name of temple was dafu lingjiu temple .it was rebuilt in xiaowen emperor period of north wei dynasty and divided into 12 courtyards .it was also called garden temple because of the garden in front .later ,it war rebuilt once again by taizong emperor of tang dynasty and renamed great huayan temple by wu zetian because the newly translated huayan scriptures were collected here .it finally was granted a horizontal board large xiantong temple by zhu yuanhang,the taizu emperor of ming dynastybell towerbell tower is of two –storeyed and three-eave structure ,and on the beam in the tower is hung a bronze bell,the largest one in wutai mountain .such bell was called long ringing bell and also called nether world bell and cast in july of the forty-eighth year of wanly period ,ming dynasty .with a weight of up to 9999.5jin.dragon and tiger tablet sthere is no heaven king hall but only two pieces of stone tablets in xiantong temple ,the dragon and tiger tablets we see now .these two tablets have the implied meaning that dragon and tiger is guarding the gate and there is no need to trouble the four main heaven kings .front courtyard the tablet board rosy clouds decorated heaven city in gold characters on the top of gate was personally written by qinanlong emperor .in the hall are worshipped 3 statues of bodhisattvas ,with guanyin bodhisattva in the middle and wenshu bodhisattva and puxian bodhisattva on both sides separately ,so it was also called three-main-scholar hall it was also called scripture collection hall because scripture books are fully placed on both sides. in each of the left and right tablet pavilions outside guanyin hall is a tablet .the two tablet pavilions are completely the same in size of tablet ,shape system and pattern, one piece engraved with tablet inscription of xiantong temple personally written by emperor and the other being characterless and called characterless tablet .the stone tablets of wutain mountain are roughly divided into imperial tablet .official document tablet ,merits and virtues tablet ,event record keeping tablet ,poem and writing tablet ,tomb tablet and the special buddha foot tablet and characterless tablet .among the special characterless tablets at home ,three pieces are most attractive ,i ethe first is the characterless tablet left on the top of taishan mountain for guarding against the six states after qinshi emperor defeated the six states ;the second is the characterlesstablet set up by wu zetian at qian tomb in xi’an ,meaning that merits and demerits as well as right and wrong would be left behind to the later generations to comment and no handwriting was left ;the third is the characterless tablet we see just now ,which was set up by kangxi emperor .the characterless of the tablet seemed to praise that xiantong temple was so grand and magnificent and buddhism was so broad and profound that it was difficult to express them in written language.as record in annals of cool mountain ,under the two pieces of stone tablets were two circular water ponds .according to legend ,after kangxi arriving at wutai mountain at that time ,as soon as he entered xiantong temple he saw at far distance that the decorated arch on posa top looks like a big dragon-head .the two wood poles look like dragon horns ,and the 108 flight steps look like dragon tongue s ,after entering xiantong temple ,kangxi asked at one the old buddhist abbot said just coincided with what kangxi saw ,the old buddhist abbot said that ,when the sun shines on the water ponds at noon ,there would appear two light rings on both sides of the decorated arch of posatop and posa top was just a live dragon .then,kangxi gave an order to let the monks of xiantong temple fill up the two water ponds and set up two pieces of stone tablets ,with one tablet bearing written language and the other characterless .large wenshu hallwutai mountain is the place where wenshu bodhisattva makes buddhistrites ,and in most of the temples were build wenshu hall .while the name of this wenshu hall was prefixed with a large, and such a word large contains 4 meanings ; the first is that xingtong temple is the oldest temple in wutai mountain ‘the second is that xiantong temple is the temple with largest floor area among the temple of wutai mountain ‘the third is that xiantong temple is the temple most completely preserved in wutai mountain ;the fourth is that the number of wenshubodhisattva worshipped here is most (6 statues of wenshu bodhisattvas in total ),so that it is called large wenshu hall ,since wenshu in 5 directions can be worshipped at the same time ,local people call it convenient pilgrimage platform daxiong precious halldaxiong precious hall was also called large buddha hall,it is the main building in xiantong temple and also the center of the whole temple. in the hall is worshipped the horizontal buddha of the third generation. daxiong was the honorific title of sakyamuni, saying he was a warrior fearing nothing the hall was built in the architectural form with the wood structure as primary part and the upper four –a-shaped roofs and lower four extending corridors as secondary ,with 108 wood columns supporting the whole large hall and the walls having only the function of shielding off the wind and resisting the cold ,when you enter the hall ,you will feel that it is very spacious .this hall occupies a land of 1.2 mu and is the largest daxiong precious hall in xutai mountain ,it is also the place for holding grand buddhist activities in the temple .this is the first feature of xiantong temple –complete wood structure.beamless hallbeamless hall is a white complete-brick architectural structure .it was built by completely laying up bricks without use of beams and hence its name beamless hall ,it looks like a european –style building in appearance and was painted white .white represents pureness in the west ,while symbolizes the buddhist pure land and boundless brightness here .since this hall is mot supported by beams and columns ,the weight of hall top is borne by the thick and heavy wall bodies onfour sides ,to form a sharp contrast with form of emulating wood structure ,and the brick-laidround columns and dipper –like arches and carved extending raves embody typical combined chinese and west styles .the whole large hall seems to have 7 rooms when you are looking externally ,but actually it has only 3 rooms . it looks like having two floors when you are