ASME PTC 46-2015 电厂整体性能试验规程.pdf

Overall Pl ant P er formanceP erformance Test CodesAN AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDASME PTC 46-2015(R evision of A SME PTC 46-1996)DateofIssuance:October25,2016ThisCodew illberev isedwhentheSocietyapprovestheissuanceofanewedition.ASMEissueswr ittenrepliestoinquiriesconcer ninginterpretationsoftechnicalaspectsofthisdocument.InterpretationsarepublishedontheCommitteeWebpageandundergo.asme.org/InterpsDatabase.PeriodicallycertainactionsoftheASMEPT CCommitteemaybepublishedasC ases.C asesarepublishedontheA SMEWebsiteunderthePTCC ommitteePageatgo.asme.org/PTCcommitteeastheyareissued.Errat atocodesandst andardsmaybepostedontheA SMEWebsiteundertheC ommitteePagestoprov idecorrectionstoincorrectlypublisheditems,ortocorrecttypog raphicalorg rammaticalerrorsincodesandst andards.Sucherrat ashallbeusedonthedateposted.ThePTCCommitteePagecanbefoundatgo.asme.org/PTCcommittee.Thereisanoptionav ailabletoautomaticallyreceiveane-mailnotificationwhenerrataarepostedtoaparticularcodeorst andard.ThisoptioncanbefoundontheappropriateCommitteePageafterselecting“Errat a”inthe“PublicationInformation”section.A SMEistheregisteredtrademarkofTheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers.Thiscodeorst andardwasdevelopedunderproceduresaccreditedasmeetingthecriteriaforA mericanNationalSt andards.TheSt andardsC ommitteethatapprovedthecodeorst andardwasbalancedtoassurethatindiv idualsfromcompetentandconcernedinterestshavehadanoppor t unitytoparticipate.Theproposedcodeorst andardwasmadeav ailableforpublicrev iewandcommentthatprov idesanoppor t unityforadditionalpublicinputfromindustr y,academia,regulator yagencies,andthepublic-at-large.A SMEdoesnot“approve,”“rate,”or“endorse”anyitem,construction,propriet ar ydev ice,oractiv ity.A SMEdoesnott akeanypositionwithrespecttothev alidityofanypatentrightsasser tedinconnectionwithanyitemsmentionedinthisdocument,anddoesnotunder t aketoinsureany oneutilizingast andardagainstliabilityforinfringementofanyapplicableletterspatent,norassumesanysuchliability.Usersofacodeorst andardareexpresslyadv isedthatdeterminationofthev alidityofanysuchpatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,isentirelytheirownresponsibility.P ar ticipationbyfederalagencyrepresent ative(s)orperson(s)affiliatedwithindustr yisnottobeinterpretedasgovernmentorindustr yendorsementofthiscodeorst andard.A SMEacceptsresponsibilityforonlythoseinterpret ationsofthisdocumentissuedinaccordancewiththeest ablishedA SMEproceduresandpolicies,whichprecludestheissuanceofinterpret ationsbyindiv iduals.Nopar tofthisdocumentmaybereproducedinanyform,inanelectronicretriev alsy stemorotherwise,withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher.TheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersTwoP arkA venue,NewYork,NY10016-5990Copyright2016byTHEA MERICA NSOCIETYOFMECHA NICA LENGINEERSA llrightsreservedPrintedinU.S.A.CONTENTSNotice.viForeword.viiCommitteeR oster.ixCorrespondenceWitht hePTCCommittee.xIntrod uction.xiSection1ObjectandScope.11-1Object.11-2Scope.11-3TestUncertaint y.11-4R ef er ences.2Section2DefinitionsandDescriptionsofTerms.42-1Def in itionsofCorr ectionFactors.42-2Terms.4Section3GuidingPrincipl es.83-1Introduction.83-2TestPlan.143-3TestPreparation s.163-4Con d uctoftheTest.173-5CalculationandR eportingofR esults.21Section4InstrumentsandMethodsofMeasurement.234-1GeneralR equirements.234-2Pr essureMeasurement.274-3Temperat ureMeasur ement.314-4Humidit yMeasurement.394-5FlowMeasurement.414-6PrimaryHeatIn putMeasurement.484-7ElectricalGenerationMeasurement.494-8GridFr equency.564-9DataCollectionan dHan dling.56Section5C al cul ationsandResul ts.585-1FundamentalEquations.585-2MeasuredPlantPow erandHeatInputTermsinth eFundamentalEquation s.585-3ParticularizingFundamentalPerf ormanceEquationstoSpecif icCyclesandTestObjectives.615-4DiscussionofApplicationofCorr ectionFactors.635-5SpecialConsiderationsofPerf ormanceEq uationsasAppliedtoCombinedCycles.7 05-6SpecialCaseWhenPipingIsOutsidetheTestBoun dary.7 55-7SpecialConsiderationsasAppliedt oSteamTurbin ePlants.7 5Section6ReportofResul ts.7 86-1GeneralR equirements.7 86-2ExecutiveSummary.7 86-3Introduction.7 86-4Calculation sandR esult s.7 86-5Instrumentation.7 9iii6-6Con clusions.7 96-7Appendices.7 9Section7TestUncer t ainty.807-1Int r oduction.807-2Pr etestUncertaintyAn alysis.807-3Post-testUncertaintyAn alysis.807-4Input sf oranUncertaint yAnalysis.80Figures3-1.5-1GenericTestBoundary.113-1.5-2TypicalSteamPlantTestBoun dary.113-1.5-3TypicalCombinedCyclePlantTestBoundary.123-4.4.3-1ThreePost-testCases.214-2.6.2-1Five-Wa yManif old.304-26.2-2WaterLegCorrectionf orFlowMeasurement.324-3.3.2.1-1Four-WireRTDs.344-3.3.2.2-1Three-Wir eRTDs.354-3.6.2-1Flow-ThroughWell.364-7.3.1-1Three-Wir eMeteringSystem.514-7.3.2-1Four-WireMeteringSystem.525-4.1.5-1TypicalTestBoundaryf oraPow erPlantR equiringApplicationofHeatSinkCorrectionFact or,?5Aor5A.665-4.1.5-2TypicalTestBoun daryf oraPowerPlantR equirin gApplicationofHeatSinkCorrectionFact or,?5Bor?5B.675-4.1.5-3TypicalTestBoun daryf oraPowerPlantR equirin gApplicationofHeatSinkCorrectionFact or,?5Cor?5C.685-7.3-1OutputVersusThrot tleSteamFlow.7 65-7.4-1TypicalTestBoun daryf oraR eheatR ank ineSteamCyclePow erPlant.7 7Tabl es1-3-1LargestAllowableTestUn certainties.22-1.1-1Symbols.52-1.1-2Subscripts.53-1.4.1-1Guidancef orEstablishingPermissibleDeviationsFromDesign(AllValues).103-1.10-1Design,Con st ruction,an dStart-upConsiderations.153-4-1TypicalPretestStabilizationPeriods.173-4-2R ecommendedMinimumTestR unDuration s.174-2.6.2-1UnitsandConversionFact orf orWaterLegCorrectionf orFlowMeasurement.334-5.1-1R ecommendation sf orDiff er entialPressur eMetersf orDifferentApplications.424-5.3.1-1UnitsandConversionFact orf orMassFlowTh r oughaDiff erentialPressureClassMeter.444-5.3.1-2SummaryUncertaint yofDischargeCoeff icientandExpansionFactor.454-7.3-1Meterin gMet hodR estrictionsSummary.505-1-1SummaryofAdditiveCorr ectionFact orsinFundamentalPerf ormanceEq uations.595-1-2SummaryofMultiplicativeCorrectionFactorsinFundamentalPerf orman ceEq uations.605-3.4-1ExamplesofTypicalCyclesan dTestObjectivesCorrespondingSpecif icPerf ormanceEquations.635-5.3-1R eq uir edTestSeriesf orPhasedCon st ructionCombinedCyclePlants.7 2NonmandatoryA ppendicesASampleCalculations,CombinedCycleCogenerationPlantWith outDuctFirin gInternalHeatSink.81ivBSampleCalculations,CombinedCycleCogen erationPlantWithDuctFiringExternalHeatSink.87CSampleCalculation s,CombinedCycleCogen erationPlantWit houtDuctFiringExternalHeatSink.106DR epresentationofCorrectionf orDifferentHeatSinkTemperatur eThanGasTurbineAirInletTemperat ure(?5or?5),ifNecessary,f oraTypicalCombinedCyclePlant.118ESampleCalculationofaCoal-FiredSupercriticalCondensingSteamTurbin eBasedPlant.121FSampleUncertaintyCalculation:CombinedCyclePlantWit houtDuctFiring.160GEnteringAirCondition s.280HMethodologyt oDeterminePartLoadTestCorrectedHeatR ateataSpecifiedR ef er enceConditionf oraCom binedCyclePlant.281IPlantTestingWithInletAir-Conditionin gEquipmentOutofService.290vNOTICEAllPerformanceTestCodesmustadheretotherequirementsofASMEPTC1,GeneralInstructions.Th ef ollowin ginf ormationisbasedonthatdocumentan disincludedheref oremphasisandf orth econvenienceoftheuseroftheCode.Itisexpectedthatt heCodeuserisf ullycognizantofSections1and3ofASMEPTC1an dhasreadthempriort oapplyingt hisCode.ASMEPerf orman ceTestCodesprovidetestprocedur est hatyieldresultsoft heh ighestlevelofaccuracycon sistentwit ht hebestengin eeringk nowledgeandpracticecurrent lya v ailable.Th eyweredevelopedbybalancedcommit teesrepresentin gallconcernedinter estsandspecif yprocedur es,in st rumentation,equipment-operatingrequirement s,calculationmet hods,andun cer-taintyanalysis.Wh entestsareruninaccor dan cewithaCode,t hetestresultsth emselves,wit houtadjust mentf oruncertainty,yieldth ebesta v ailablein dicationoftheactualperf ormanceofthetestedequip-ment.ASMEPerf orman ceTestCodesdon otspecif ymeanstocomparethoseresultstocontract ualguarantees.Theref ore,itisrecommendedt hatth epartiestoacommer cialtestagreebeforestartingt hetestandpref erablybef or esigningth econtractonthemet hodtobeusedf orcomparin gthetestr esultstothecontract ualguarantees.Itisbeyondth escopeofanyCodetodetermineorinterprethowsuchcomparisonsshallbemade.viFOREWORDASMEPerf ormanceTestCodes(PTCs)ha vebeendevelopedandh avelongexistedf ordetermin-ingt heperf orman ceofmostmajorcompon entsusedinelectricpowerprod uctionf acilities.Thesemajorcomponentf ocusedperf ormancetestcodesservedth ein d ustryw elluntilchangesinth eelectricpow ergenerationindustryexposedthen eedf oracodeaddressin goverallpow erplantperf orman cetesting.Inresponsetotheseneeds,th eASMEBoardonPerformanceTestCodesapprovedth eformationofacommittee(ASMEPTC46)inJune1991wit hth ech arterofdevelopingacodef ort hedetermin ationofoverallpowerplantperf ormance.Th eorganization almeetingoft hisCommitteewasheldinSeptember1991.Th eresultingCommit teeincludedexperiencedandqualif iedusers,man uf act urers,andgen eralinterestcategorypersonnelf r ombot hth er egulatedan dnon-regulatedelectricpow ergeneratingindustry.Indevelopingth ef irstissueofthisCode,theCommitteereview edcommonin d ustrypracticeswithregardtooverallpow erplantandcogenerationf acilitytesting.Th eCommitteewasnotablet oidentif yan ygen eralconsensustestingmet hods,an ddiscoveredmanyconf lictingphilosoph ies.Th eCommitteehasst rivedt odevelopanobjectivecodewhichaddressesth emultipleneedsf orexplicittestingmethodsandproced ures,whileattemptingtopr ovidemaximumf lexibilityinrecogn itionofthewiderangeofplantdesignsandt hemultipleneedsf orthisCode.Thef irsteditionofASMEPTC46w asf oun dt obeverybenef icialt oth eindustry,aspr edicted.Itw asappliedar oun dth eworldbyref er enceincont racts,asw ellasappliedast hebasisofon goin gplantperf orman ceengin eeringactivities.Thecommit teemembersmetaboutsevenyearsaf terth einitialpublicationtodiscusslessons-learnedf romexperiencewit hcodeapplicationst hatr equiredstrengtheningoroth erwisemodi-f yingth eCode.Newmemberswithextensiveexperienceusingt heCodewereatt hattimebr ough tontothecommittee.Allsection sw ererev amped,basedonth elesson s-learnedstudyan dindustryassessment,toclarifyunforeseenmisinterpr etation sandt oaddmorenecessaryinf ormation.Section3w asrevisedtosh arpent hedescriptionsoft hef undamentalprin ciplesusedf oranoverallplantperf ormancetest,andt opr esentinf ormationinamor eorganizedf ash ion.Section4w asr ewrit ten.Theinstrumentationtechnologywasbroughtup-to-date,an dmorein-depthinf ormationw asprovidedf oreachtypeofin st rument,includingh armonizationwit hASMEPTC19.5.ASMEPTC46w asthef irstASMEPerf orman ceTestCodet oclearlydiff er entiatebetw eencalculatedv ariablesandmeasuredparameters,andclassif yth emasprimaryorsecon dary.Instrumentationreq uir ementsw er et husdeterminedasbeingClass1orClass2.Assuch,selectionofinstrumentationw asmademorestruct ured,economicalandeff icient.Thisinf ormationw asclarifiedf urth erint heSection4revision.Detailsconcerningcalibrationmeth odologybothintheinstrumentationlaboratoryasw ellasf orf ieldcalibration swerealsoaddedt oSection4.Detailsregardingapplicationofthegeneralizedperf ormanceequationstospecificpow ertech-nologiesandtestgoalsh avebeenclarif iedandexpandedinSection5,providingadditionalguidan cef orv arioust ypesofplant sandcycles.Inthedecadeandahalfsin cet hepublicationoftheoriginalversionoft hisCode,th eindustryhashadsuff icienttimetostudyt heuncertaint yimplicationsoftestin gplantswitht heinletairconditioningeq uipmentinserviceandalsotoaccrueasignif icantbodyofpracticalexperienceint heapplicationoft heCode.Thesedevelopmentsh aveledth eauth orst oconcludeth attestin gwit hinletairconditioningequipmentinservicecanbeaccomplishedwithinr equir edconsiderationsofpracticalityandtestun certainty.Basedont his,Section5wasr evisedtorecommendtestingwiththein letaircondition ingsystemsconf iguredt omat chth eref er enceconditionsprovidedth eambientcon ditionsallow.Thecombinedcycleplantphasetestin gmet hodologyw asupdatedt oaccountf oradditionalparameterswhengoingf romsimplecycletocombinedcycleoperationandincorporatestheuseof“non-phased”CCplantcorrectioncurvesincombinationwit hGTcorrectioncurves,whichleadstoamoreaccuratetestresultwhileprovidingmor eusabilit yf orthesetofcorr ectioncurves.Section5alsopr ovidesmoreback groun dondevelopmentofcorrectioncurvesf romintegratedheatbalancecomputerviimodelsasopposedt on on-integratedheatbalancecomputermodelsofR ank in ecyclepow erplants.Byintegratedmodel,itismeantth atth esteamgeneratorisintegratedintot heheatbalancecomputermodel.Additionally,Nonman datoryAppendixHwasaddedt odef ineameth odologytodeterminepartloadtestcorr ectedheatrateataspecif iedref er encecondition.Moredirectionisgivenf ortestin gR ank inecyclepow erplantsinNonmandat oryAppen dixE,wit htwon ewdetailedsamplecalculations(oneusinganintegratedmodelandoneusingan on-integratedmodel)givenint heappen dicesf oracoal-f ir edsteampowerplant.Af armor edetailedun certaintyanalysisw aspublishedthaninth epreviousedition,an disinharmonywithASMEPTC19.1.Detailedexplanationsareprovidedf oreachstepoft hecalculationinNonman datoryAppendixF.Lastly,ASMEPTC46w asperceivedbysomeinth eindustrywhohadonlypassingacquaintancewithitasbeingapplicabletocombin edcyclepow erplantsonly.Th est r engt henin gofSection5applicationstoR ank inecyclesandt hemorethoroughcoal-f ir edplantsamplecalculationsshouldgof artoch anget hatper ception.Perf ormancetestengineerswhoareexperien cedusersofth eCodealsor ecognizeth eapplicabilit yofthegeneralizedperf ormanceequationsandtestmet hodsofASMEPTC46t otestsofnuclearsteamcyclesor,tot hethermalcycleofsolarpow erplant s,an dotherpowergenerationtechn ologies.Thecommit teehasaddedlanguagetot heCodetoconf irmitsapplicabilityt osuchtechnologies,andlook sf orw ardtoaddingsamplecalculationsf ornuclear,t hermalsolar,geoth ermal,andper h apsot herpow ergenerationtechnologiesint hen extrevision.ThisCodew asapprovedbyth ePTC46Commit teeandt hePTCStan dar dsCommitteeonMarch12,2015.Itwasth enapprovedasanAmericanNation alStan dar dbytheAmericanNationalStan dar dsInstitute(ANSI)Boar dofStandardsR eviewonSeptember25,2015.viiiA SMEPTCCOMMITTEEPer formanc eTestCodes(ThefollowingistherosteroftheCommitteeatthetimeofapprov alofthisC ode.)STA NDA R DSCOMMITTEEOFFICER SP.G.Al ber t,ChairJ.W.Mil ton,ViceChairF.J.Const antino,Sec retarySTA NDARDSCOMMITTEEPERSONNELP.G.A l ber t,Consult antJ.M.Burns,BurnsEngineeringServ icesA.E.Butl er,GEP ower&W aterW.C.Campbell,TrueNor thConsultingF.J.Const antino,TheAmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersJ.W.Cuc hens,SouthernCompanyServ icesM.J.Dool ey,A lstomP ower,Inc.G.J.Gerber,C onsult antP.M.Gerhar t,Univ ersityofEv ansv illeJ.Gonzal ez,IberdrolaIngenieriayConstruccionR.E.Henr y,Sargent&LundyD.R.Keyser,Surv iceEngineeringC o.T.K.Kirkpatric k,McHale&A ssociates,Inc.PTC46COMMITTEEOVERAL LPL A NTPERFORMA NCET.K.Kirkpatric k,Chair,McHale&Associates,Inc.P.G.A l ber t,ViceChair,C onsult antD.R.A l onzo,Secretary,TheA mericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersM.J.Dool ey,A lstomP ower,Inc.M.Giampetro,L iedosEngineeringO.Le-Gal udec,AlstomPower