将来进行时用法小结资料.doc

将来进行时用法小结

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将来进行时用法小结
【口诀】
“将来某时（段）正进行，预计不久要发生。通常用在口语中，语气委婉顿生情。”
【用法】
将来进行时由“助动词will / shall + be + 现在分词”构成，具体用法如下：
(1) 表示将来某时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。常与soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, in two days, tomorrow evening等表示将来的时间状语连用。如：
I will be having an English class at 8 tomorrow. 我明天八点钟正在上英语课。
Mary will be working in the factory in the next two months.下两个月玛丽将在这个厂里工作。
(2) 在口语中常用来表示按计划或安排即要发生的动作。如：
This time tomorrow I shall be flying to New York. 明天这个时候我将飞往纽约。
At 7:00 this evening I will be watching the news programmes on TV.
今晚七时，我将正在收看电视上的新闻节目。
(3) 表示预料不久要发生或势必要发生的事情或将来的某种可能性，说话人往往有“我料想”或“我估计”的含义。如：
We believe that peasants’ life will be getting better and better.
我们相信农民的生活会越来越好。
If we don’t do so, we shall be making a serious mistake.
如果我们不那样做，我们就会犯严重的错误。
(4) 表示亲切或委婉的语气。如：
When shall we be meeting again? 我们什么时候再见面？
【注意】 在时间、条件等状语从句中，用现在进行时代替将来进行时。如：
Be careful when you are crossing the street. 过马路时要当心。
If Tom is doing his homework when you come back, don’t disturb him, please.
你回来时如果汤姆正在做作业，请不要打扰他。
一般将来时用法小结
【用法】 “will / shall + 动词原形”构成的一般将来时，其被动形式为“will / shall + be + 过去分词”。
(1) 表示单纯的将来。如：
Her elder sister will be thirty years old next month. 下个月她姐姐就30岁了。
(2) 表示在说话时决定要去做某事。如：
We are really lost. I’ll stop to ask someone the way. 我们真的迷路了。我要停下来问问路。
(3) 用于“祈使句+连词+简单句”固定句式中。如：
Go straight on and you’ll see a church. You won’t miss it.
直走你就会看到一座教堂，你不会错过的。
【注意】
1. 用“be going to＋动词原形”构成的一般将来时。
(1) 人作主语时表示打算，“有计划要做”。如：
My daughter is going to be a doctor when she grows up. 我女儿打算长大后当医生。
(2) 物作主语时表示目前有迹象表明将要发生某事，“有……的趋势（如天气变化）”。如：
Look at the black clouds. It’s going to rain. 看那些乌云，要下雨了。
2. 用“be about to＋动词原形”构成的一般将来时，“正要做……”
(1) 表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来，时间范围小一些。如：
We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。
The new school year is about to begin. 新学年开学在即。
(2) 在含有be about to do的句子中，不能再加时间状语。如：
Wrong: The medical team is about to start immediately. 
Right: The medical team is about to start. 医疗队就要出发了。
3. 用“be to＋动词原形”构成的一般将来时，计划性非常强，形式很正式，常常翻译成“应该”。
(1) 表示事先商定、安排或准备要做的事情。如：
The students are to meet at the school gate tomorrow. 明天学生们将在学校大门口集会。
(2) 表示可能性，必要、责任、义务、禁止等。如：
Her necklace was not to (couldn't) be found. 她的项链找不到了。
The door is to be locked. 你要把门关上。
4. 在含有条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句一般不用be going to，而常用will（第一人称用shall）。从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时：如：
The football match will be put off if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨，足球赛将被推迟举行。
5. 在时间、条件或让步状语从句中常用一般现在时表示将来。如：
They will go home for the winter vacation as soon as they finish their exams.
他们一考完试就回家过寒假。
I can’t go to your birthday party unless my father agrees.
除非我爸爸同意，否则我去不了你的生日会。
【将来进行时与一般将来时的比较】
两者都表示将来的行为，但在用法上有所区别：
(1) 将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作；而一般将来时表示将来某时将要发生的动作。如：
She won’t be having a meeting in her office at 8:00 tomorrow. 明天8点她不在办公室开会。
What will you do at five tomorrow afternoon? 明天下午五点你将干什么？
(2) 将来进行时常用来表示说话人设想已经安排好的事；而一般将来时表示临时决定。如：
We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July. 七月份我们要去海边度假。
－Did you tell Julia about the result? 你告诉朱莉娅结果了吗？
－Oh, no. I will call her now. 噢，没有。我现在就告诉她。
(3) 将来进行时不表示个人意愿。如：
They will be meeting us at the station. 他们会在车站接我们的。
(4) 将来进行时比一般将来时在语气上要委婉客气。如：
When will you finish these letters? 你什么时候会处理完这些信件？
When shall I be expecting you this evening? 今天晚上我几点等你？
过去将来时用法小结
【用法】 过去将来时表示在过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态。即：过去将来时是“立足过去，着眼未来”的一种时态，常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。判断这种时态的依据是：要有表示过去的“动作”，而不是时间。如：
I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon. 我听说他们不久要回到上海。
I didn’t know if he would come. 我不知道他是否会来。
They never knew that population would become a big problem.
他们从来都不知道人口问题将会成为一个大问题。
She didn’t tell me where she would go. 她没有告诉我她要去哪儿。
Betty said she would visit the Great Wall next Saturday. 贝蒂说下周六她要去参观长城。
但是，在一定的语境中也可于其他从句或句子中：
It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It was six o’clock. The sun would soon set. 这时是六点钟。太阳即将落山。
【构成】 ① 由助动词“would/should+动词原形”构成，常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。would可用于各种人称；should主要用于主语是第一人称时。如：
Whenever we had trouble, he would come to help us.
不论何时我们遇到困难，他总会给予帮助。
He said he would come to see me. 他说他要来看我。
He told me he would go to Beijing. 他告诉我他将去北京。
② 由“was/were going to+动词原形”构成，表示过去某时计划、打算、准备做某事。如：
No one knew when he was going to come. 没有人知道他什么时候来。
She said she was going to start off at once. 她说她将立即出发。
I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。
此结构还可表示根据当时情况判断有可能但不一定会发生某事，或者在一定的上下文中有时可表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算：例如：
It seemed as if it was going to rain. 看来好像要下雨。
She was going to attend the concert last night, but she was too busy.
她昨晚本想去听音乐会的，但她太忙了。
③ 用“was (were) about+不定式”构成，表示在过去看来正要做某事或表示过去即将发生的事情。如：
I was just about to go to bed when he came to see me. 我正要睡觉，他来看我了。
The US said that the war on Iraq was about to start in a week.
美国说伊拉克之战将在一周后打响。
④ 用“was (were)+不定式”构成，表示定于过去某时将要做某事。如：
He was to meet her at 10 on the street. 他约定和她10点钟在街上见面。
也可以表示过去曾经计划要做的事，或者过去应当做的事，而且从现在的角度来看已经实现了。如：
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time. 
I was to play Juliet. 
The expedition was to start in a week’s time. 如：
【注意】① 表示“往来”时空变化的短暂性动词，如“go, come, arrive, travel, start, begin, leave, move, fly, return, take off”等，通常用过去进行时来表示过去将来。如：
He said they were leaving at seven. 他说他们将于七点动身。
He said the train was leaving at six the next morning. 他说火车将于第二天早晨六点离开。
She told me she was coming to see me. 她告诉我她要来看我。
② 条件状语从句和时间状语从句中须用一般过去时代替过去将来时。例如：
I didn’t know when she would come, but when she came I would let you know.
我不知道她什么时候来，但她来了我会告诉你。
The teacher said that it would be very difficult to make progress if I didn’t work hard.
老师说，如果我不努力学习的话，就很难取得进步。
③ was/ were to have done表示“本打算”、“本计划”或“本应当”做的事而没有做成或没有发生或被取消。如：I was to have seen him last Wednesday, but he didn’t come. 
We were to have been married last year. 
We were to have left at 6 last night. 我们本来计划昨晚6点离开的。
【过去将来时典型错误例析】
1. 我们不知道他是否要在会上发言。
误：We didn’t know whether he is going to speak at the meeting.
正：We didn’t know whether he was going to speak at the meeting.
析：该句主句为过去时，且宾语从句表示从过去某个时间看来将要发生的动作，所以从句要用过去将来时态。
2. 老师问汤姆长大后准备干什么。
误：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he would grow up.
正：The teacher asked Tom what he was going to be when he grew up.
析：在时间状语从句中，常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。
3. 他们说如果下星期天不下雨他们就去农场。
误：They said that they were going to the farm if it would not rain the next Sunday.
正：They said that they were going to the farm if it didn’t rain the next Sunday.
析：在条件状语从句中，也常用一般过去时表示在过去看来将要发生的动作。
4. 王林打电话告诉她妈妈，她要买一些书。
误：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she should buy some books.
正：Wang Lin rang up to tell her mother that she would buy some books.
析：过去将来时可以由“助动词should/would+动词原形”构成，但should一般只用于第一人称。而would可用于各种人称。
5. 上次我见到你时，你正打算开始乘火车去西藏。
误：Last time I saw you， you had started to go to Tibet by train.
正：Last time I saw you， you were going to start to go to Tibet by train.
I. 选择填空
( ) 1. — What did your son say in the letter?
— He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.
A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit
( ) 2. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.
A. to come B. is coming C. will come D. was coming
( ) 3. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.
A. took B. would take C. takes D. will take
( ) 4. We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.
A. are going to grow B. were going to grow
C. will grow D. have grown
( ) 5. She ______ to work when the telephone rang.
A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to go
( ) 6. — The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.
— Well, he said he _____ here on time.
A. came B. would come C. can be D. will be
( ) 7. As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____.
A. was going to cry B. cried C. began to cry D. was crying
( ) 8. Li Ming said he _____ happy if Brian _____ to China next month.
A. as; come B. was; would come C. would be; came D. will be; come
( ) 9. Jenny said she _____ her holiday in China.
A. spent B. would spent C. was going to spent D. would spend
II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.
2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long.
3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year.
4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future.
Ⅲ. 单选填空
1. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.
2. I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend) me his book the next morning.
3. He was fifty-six. In two years he _______(be) fifty-eight.
4. Whenever she has time, she ______(help) them in their work.
Key: I. 1-5 DDBBC 6-9 BACD
II. 1. would visit   2. would not stay   3. would come   4. would slow
Ⅲ. 1. was leaving 2. would lend 3. would be 4. would help
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