施工阶段的安全文明管理(外文翻译).doc

Construction stage safety civilization management1 Research content and purposeAt present Chinas production safety situation is still grim, especially the building area of the multiple casualties situation has not fundamentally reversed, construction safety is extremely stern; production safety foundation is weak, guarantee system and mechanism is not perfect； safety production supervision and management mechanism, team construction and supervision work also needs to be strengthened。With Chinas implementation of the going out” strategy, the overseas engineering construction requirements of construction enterprises toward the safety and high quality fast and efficient direction, but the due to the overseas projects in surveying， design, competitive bidding system and construction exists some defects or mistakes, especially the construction environment and conditions for overseas and domestic different is formed many unsafe factors。 Some governments of developed countries on safe and civilized construction management and supervision ineffective, at the same time， the security incident victims compensation is relatively low, so as to project management are real will ”safety first self psychological suggestion and safe and civilized management psychological orientation proposed higher requirements. And in the preparation of the overseas project safety assurance program, sometimes due to lack of understanding in the engineering field， easy to cause the of dangerous source judgement is not accurate or not in place， and psychologically cannot accurately to ensure the safety of the positioning of the feasibility of the program。By exploring the harmful factors in the construction process and construction process was studied in unsafe， uncivilized between factors and employee of contradiction and the law of the unity of opposites, making better use of these rules to formulate a scientific， reasonable， effective all safe and civilized production tube system， to improve and perfect the measures of safety and technological civilization, to prevent and eliminate various harmful factors in the process of construction to the conversion of the casualty of a series of management work, to protect workers safety and health， ensure safety in production. Due to the construction of the unsafe factor is relatively more， a little careless， it may occur accident。 In recent years, occurred throughout the country in the construction work accidents and serious casualty statistics tells us that construction of the security situation is still very grim。 However， construction safety problems with everything else， has its own objective law. It objectively resides in the entire construction activity。 Since so， naturally， be it analysis to understand， master rules of it， take the organizational and technical measures to pre control， in order to achieve the purpose of construction safety。 However， there are still many problems in the management of the security civilization。Therefore， we focus on the construction stage of the construction safety civilization management， the construction of the various aspects of the construction plan， the status quo of the safety and civilization management。 Through the safety awareness of the management, the system of planning， to the project safety detailed analysis of the content。 There are some unpredictable problems during the process of preparation， which is the main problem in the management of safety civilization。 Lay a good foundation for further implementation。. According to the occurrence of the settlement of the accident, there is no accident occurred， record the safety civilization management improvement measures, improve the safety and civilization management. As generally work arrangements properly was period of management is relatively lax, cross process serious and complicated， and safety problems in this period is often risks and security alert frigidity, may not out of the big problem， but small problems and small risks constantly. So strengthen safety education and training, the unknown engineering safety civilization management summary， learning.Through the research on the safety civilization management of the construction stage， the danger identification, the risk assessment and the risk control of the modern safety civilization management are discussed in three aspects。 The aim is to better and more secure the work done。 Do early work after the reduction of risk， and further strengthen the construction project risk management, and thus promote the faster development of Chinas construction projects。2 Status quo of safety civilization managementIn recent years， with the continuous improvement of the market economy and the common improvement of peoples life, construction industry has become one of the fastest developing industries。 The competition of the market is increasingly fierce， so that the benefit of the enterprise to compete in the target， so to the management to benefit has become the consensus of entrepreneurs. And safety is the premise of the benefit， because the safety results determine the size of the benefit。 End over the years the party and the government attaches great importance to production safety work, determine the safety production policy of ”safety first， prevention first, promulgated a series of production safety laws and regulations and standards， the purpose is to protect the safety and health of laborers, control and reduce all kinds of accidents， improve the level of safety management, promote the establishment of harmonious society.The construction industry is the risk of production activities, unsafe factors， is the accident prone industry. In recent years, the death rate of Chinas construction industry is the highest in all industries， after the mining industry， the loss is huge， distressing。 Although the mandatory implementation of the construction enterprise safety production license system， strengthen the construction market access control， and to further strengthen the construction enterprise construction site safety inspections， but accidents still occur from time to time。 I believe that the number of casualties mainly determined by the characteristics of the construction industry。 The safety civilization management is a science， is a professional, policy, mass, and a very strong work。 The safety civilization management of the enterprise is mainly embodied in the following aspects：(1) Safety awareness。 Due to the leading enterprises for a long time the importance of construction safety understanding does not reach the designated position， grasping safety formalism serious, disregard for workers in the production of the legitimate interests of labor and social security， is not equipped with the necessary labor protection supplies, arbitrary extension of working time, workers in the long run, the working state of the overload， high strength， will lead to accidents. In addition， the leadership of the security work seriously enough, the staff of the corresponding security awareness， it is easy to cause illegal command， illegal operations, violation of labor discipline and safety accidents caused by.（2） The weak base of security civilization management。 The weak security and civilization management is mainly due to the weak safety consciousness of some people， the relationship between the safety and the speed, safety and the relationship between safety and benefit， security and stability。. The weak safety management is mainly reflected in the weak： first, the research work of building safety technology is weak， and the key technology of building safety production is relatively lagging behind。 The wide application of safety scientific and technological achievements is lack of marketoriented policy guidance and economic incentive measures。 Study on the construction of new technology， new products， new technology application and safety protection measures of synchronization; second， compared with the developed countries， our country security protection technology， protective equipment and machinery and equipment is still relatively backward。 Standardization， stereotypes and industrialization degree is very low； three is the construction enterprise safety civilization management and construction team quality is generally low. The safety of the low quality of the cultural quality， safety and civilization management knowledge， safety and technical specifications， safety procedures, safety precautions and so on do not understand。 Cant manage the construction team。（3） The construction safety laws and regulations system is not perfect。 There are some limitations to implement its security responsibilities； terms of punishment for violations of the law is not specific enough， operability is not strong； laws and regulations are not perfect， there is a problem of duplication and overlapping management； safety rules and regulations of the responsibility is not clear, management objectives is not clear， resulting in production safety responsibility of implementation is not in place etc。（4） The mechanism of the construction safety supervision and production is not perfect. At present， the mechanism of the effective construction safety supervision and management in China has not been formed， and there is a big gap compared with the international advanced security management mode.。 The safety supervision mode and management means cant adapt to the growing scale of construction， and it is difficult to carry out the construction safety supervision work further。 Mainly in the following three aspects：Construction unit safety civilization management problemThe exploration， design， construction and supervision of the construction engineering to the entity or individual contractor who is not qualified or qualified or even illegal。 Due to the layers of subcontracting, resulting in the construction management is not strict, security training is not in place and security investment or basic no. And it will also make lower profits, and contractors in order to pursue the maximal profit will reduce his all unnecessary amount of spending， leading to safety hazards and accidents continue to occur.Investigation， design， engineering supervision and other units of the major security issuesSurvey， design units not in accordance with the requirements were survey or design， or change the survey and design documents, laws， regulations and mandatory standards, to survey the design defects, can not guarantee the building and construction personnel safety engineering supervision units not to the construction unit safety technical measures or special construction safety program for careful review, in the engineering construction nor of construction units to implement security measures of supervision seriously， find the hidden accident， nor does it take decisive measures to be rectification and elimination； detection unit to produce a false report.Safety problem of construction unitWith the increasing investment in infrastructure， the construction enterprise access policy adjustment， making the number of construction enterprises continues to increase, the construction team continues to expand。 Especially in recent years， the rapid development of individual construction industry， the construction enterprise has changed fundamentally。 But because the construction unit is the main body and the core position in the construction safety activity， the construction safety problem is mainly in the construction unit body。2.1 Government laws and regulations（1) The lack of building safety and civilization management system for the market economyConstruction of Chinas investment system changes the original building a safe and civilized production management has not adapt to the current construction methods， so has been dominated by the government of safe and civilized management appeared many loopholes in management， coupled with the construction safety laws and regulations is not perfect， the low efficiency of government supervision， social supervision system is not perfect, resulting in a safe and civilized management is not in place， suited to the laws of market economy， legal and economic means parallel building a safe and civilized management system has not been formed. Therefore， the initiative construction safety civilization management initiative construction safety civilization management work first, early planning， early arrangement， do the whole process supervision and inspection. Before the construction we put the project in the province Shuangyou site as the target management， improving the safety management measures and system in the project， accomplish beforehand to prevent。 Employees entering the construction site， the first production safety education and follow the operating rules of education; followed by a safety technical disclosure and each segment and sub engineering safety technical disclosure, so that all staff familiar with the rules and regulations， consciously abide by the safety regulations and operating rules， improve the sense of selfprotection. Strengthen the intensity and extent of the supervision of the safety and civilization management objectives for effective control.（2) The law and regulations are more and more incomplete and the execution is not enoughOur country law ”environment and health” is too weak。 The emphasis on ”environment and health” in the activity of architecture has become a common topic of international concern。 The target system of engineering construction has been shifted from the traditional ”cost cost - quality - time to Project system to ”cost - quality time - environment and health system。. The international standard organization has also developed the environmental management system。(3) The functional changes of the management department are lagging behind and the management of the vacuum isWith the deepening of the reform of our political system， the reform of the national institution, the enterprise reform, the enterprise has gradually separated from the industry administrative management， and has become the independent action subject in the market。 With this adaptation， Ministry of construction and local construction administrative departments to become the national construction safety special supervision of the performer, state production safety supervision and administration and the local production safety supervision and management institutions become discharger of the state production safety supervision functions。The unsafe state of the unsafe behavior and the unsafe state of the material are the direct cause of the accident， which are directly related to the management。 So the management is the indirect cause of the accident。. The unsafe behavior of human can be reduced or even eliminated through safety education, safety production responsibility system and security mechan