初中英语考试定语从句考点汇总.docx

一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如：The man（先行词）who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday（定语从句） is my English teacher.昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如：I am waiting forthe boy（先行词）who /that（关系代词）is wearing a red coat. （主语）我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。The dictionary（先行词）that / which（关系代词） my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.（宾语）我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。The woman ishis mother（先行词）whose（关系代词） name is Linda Brown. (定语)那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达布朗。That isthe house（先行词）where（关系副词） my father used to live.(状语)那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。三、初中英语中定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：Yesterday I helped an old manwho / thatlost his way. （主语）昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。Mr Wang is the man(who / that / whom)you met in the zoo this morning.（宾语）王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。The boywhosemother is ill is staying at home to look after her today.他母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。I have a story bookwhosecover is red.我有一本封面是红色的故事书。3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：Football is a gamewhich / thatis liked by most boys. （主语）足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。I dont believe the newswhich / thatTom won the game. （宾语）我不相信汤姆赢得这场比赛的消息。四、关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。That is the placein whichI lived for five years.=That is the placewhich / thatI lived in for five years.那就是我住过五年的地方。Mr Zhang is the manfor whomI am looking.=Mr Zhang is the manwho / whom / thatI am looking for.张先生就是我正在找的那个人。五、具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。1. 先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which.如：The schoolthat / whichI used to study in is becoming better and better.（the school 作了介词in的宾语。）我过去曾经学习的那所学校变得越来越好了。先行词是地点时，如果该先行词不作定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用where.如：The placewherethe accident happened isnt far from our school.事故发生的那个地方离我们学校不远。(定语从句中的动词happened是不及物动词，它不跟宾语，而the accident又作了定语从句的主语，因此该定语从句既不需要主语，也不需要宾语。)2.只用that，不用which的情况。（1）前有序数词修饰时。如：This is the tenth giftthatI received for my birthday.这是我收到的第十个生日礼物。（2）前有形容词最高级修饰时。如：That is the most exciting gamethatI have ever watched.那是我曾经看过最令人兴奋的比赛。（3）先行词是all, little, few, something, anything, everything等不定代词时。如：Allthathe told me is true. 他告诉我的一切是真实的。（4）先行词被the only修饰时。如：The only thingthatI can get is a pen. 我唯一能得到的东西就是一支钢笔。（5）先行词既指人，又指物时。如：We talked about the people and the thingsthatwe were interested in.我们谈论了我们感兴趣的人和事。3. 只用which，不用that的情况。（1）定语从句是物时，定语从句由“介词+关系代词which”引导。如：The thingabout whichthe teacher is talking is very important.老师正在谈论的那件事非常重要。（2）先行词本身是that, those时，如：Whats thatwhichis flying in the sky?在天空中飞的那是什么？