2022高考英语完形填空和阅读理解一轮练习及答案20.docx

完形填空This is a story that can teach us a good lesson. One day, a man in rags begged from door to door along the street. With an old wallet in his hand, he was asking for a few coins to buy something to eat. He kept complaining about his bad fortune and kept1why those who had so much money were never2and were always desiring more. “As far as Im concerned, if I had only enough to3and to wear, I would not want anything more. ”Just at that moment Goddess Fortune, who came down the4saw the beggar and said to him, “Hi, I have wished to5you for a long time. Now, open your6and I will pour my gold into it. But I will do that only on this7: All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold; but every piece falling upon the8shall become dust. Do you understand? ”“I see. ”said the beggar. “Then you should9! Its obvious that your wallet is a(n)10one, so dont load it too heavily, ”said the Goddess Fortune. The excited beggar could hardly11to have gold. He quickly opened his wallet, and a12of yellow coins was poured into it. The wallet grew heavier and heavier. “Is that enough? Isnt it cracking? ”asked the Goddess Fortune. “Never13. Its still strong enough now. ”answered the beggar. The wallet was filled with so many coins that the beggars hands began to14. “Ah, if only the golden stream would15forever! Just a little more, ”said the beggar, “16just a handful or two. ”“There! Its full. The wallet will17. ”warned the Goddess Fortune, but the beggar requested, “It will18a little more, just a little more. ”One more piece was added and the wallet split. The19fell upon the ground and became dust. The greedy beggar had now20but his broken wallet. 【文章大意】一个沿街乞讨的乞丐遇到了财宝女神, 财宝女神给了乞丐很多金币, 同时告诫乞丐, 金币掉到地上则化为尘土。贪欲的乞丐不听劝告, 导致金币撑破钱包化为尘土, 乞丐又变得一无全部。故事告诫人们面对金钱不要贪得无厌。1. A. showingB. explainingC. provingD. wondering【解析】选D。规律推理题。依据第一段最终一句, 为什么那些人如此有钱却从不满足, 还想得到更多。可知乞丐对此百思不得其解, “keep wondering”(始终想知道)符合句意。2. A. relaxedB. satisfiedC. worriedD. depressed【解析】选B。规律推理题。还想得到更多, 所以不满足, B项符合句意。3. A. learnB. watchC. eatD. play【解析】选C。背景常识题。由常识可知, 乞丐最重要的是要解决吃和穿的问题。eat(吃)对应下面提到的“穿”, 符合语境。4. A. streetB. bridgeC. yardD. forest【解析】选A。词汇复现题。依据第一段, 乞丐在沿街乞讨, 所以财宝女神降落到大街上才能看到乞丐。street(街道)符合语境。5. A. praiseB. forgiveC. helpD. comfort【解析】选C。规律推理题。依据下文, “打开你的钱包, 我要给你一些金子”, 可知财宝女神想挂念乞丐。所以选help(挂念)。6. A. coatB. pocketC. boxD. wallet【解析】选D。词汇复现题。依据下文“All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold(全部进入你钱包的都是纯金)”可知乞丐打开的是一个钱包, 所以选wallet。前文也有提示。7. A. occasionB. suggestionC. situationD. condition【解析】选D。规律推理题。只有在这种条件下, “我”才会去做。“All that falls into the wallet will be pure gold; but every piece falling upon theshall become dust”解释上文提到的这种条件。condition“条件、状况”, 符合句意。8. A. handB. feetC. groundD. street【解析】选C。词汇复现题。句意: 每一枚掉到地上的金币都会变成尘土。ground(地面)一词在最终一段中毁灭。9. A. look outB. look afterC. look upD. look down【解析】选A。短语辨析题。依据下文财宝女神告诫乞丐不要装得太多, 提示乞丐留意、当心。所以选look out。look after照看; look up仰视, 向上看; look down俯视。10. A. smallB. emptyC. wornD. full【解析】选C。词汇复现题。第一段中“With an old wallet in his hand”表明这是一个旧钱包, 所以选worn, 意思是: 用旧的。11. A. standB. waitC. breatheD. think【解析】选B。固定搭配题。could hardly wait to do sth. 意为: 迫不及待做某事。句意: 感动的乞丐早已迫不及待地想拿到金子。12. A. streamB. pieceC. pairD. variety【解析】选A。词汇复现题。依据倒数第三段中提到“golden stream”可知答案。13. A. stopB. requestC. fearD. insist【解析】选C。规律推理题。通过乞丐告知财宝女神钱包现在还很坚固, 可知不要为钱包担忧。Never fear. 不要可怕。14. A. spreadB. closeC. looseD. shake【解析】选D。规律推理题。句意: 钱包装了如此多的金币, 乞丐的手开头颤抖。shake(颤抖), 符合语境。spread伸展; close关闭; loose放松, 均不符合语境。15. A. pourB. endC. dryD. melt【解析】选A。规律推理题。乞丐期望金子源源不断地流出, 四个选项中只有pour(流出)能形象地描绘出乞丐的贪欲。16. A. takeB. addC. lendD. send【解析】选B。词汇复现题。最终一段的第一句话有原词复现: One more piece was added and the wallet split。17. A. flowB. burstC. disappearD. change【解析】选B。规律推理题。钱包已经装满了, 而且是一个旧钱包, 连续装可能会裂开。所以选burst“裂开”。下文中的“split”为同义词复现。18. A. attractB. permitC. includeD. hold【解析】选D。词义辨析题。贪欲的乞丐认为钱包还能多装一点。hold“容纳”, 符合语境。19. A. presentB. foodC. treasureD. metal【解析】选C。背景常识题。treasure(财宝)这里指代金币。钱包裂开后金币自然会掉到地上。present礼物; food食物; metal金属, 均不符合句意。20. A. nothingB. anythingC. everythingD. something【解析】选A。规律推理题。句意: 现在贪欲的乞丐除了裂开的钱包一无全部了。nothing什么也没有。阅读理解。Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands. Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldnt forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired (启发) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwins footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands. The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it could be. The most well-known animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise(巨型海龟), which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Sanra Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago(群岛). Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself. Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air. Travelling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time. ( ) 1. What do we know about Darwins visit to the islands? A. He studied different creatures on the islands B. He completed his famous book on the islands C. He was touched by the geography of the islands D. He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands ( ) 2. Which of the following plays a role in making the islands a paradise for wildlife? A. Animals on the islands feed on grass. B. Local government forbids killing wildlife. C. People cannot visit the islands as they wish. D. Tourists are not allowed to touch the animals. ( ) 3. Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of_. A. The beautiful sea views B. Darwins inspiring trip C. a closer view of animals D. various daring activities ( ) 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A Unique Attraction for Wildlife Lovers B. Calapagos as a Paradise for Adventures C. Charles Darwin as a Symbol of Galapagos D. A Successful Example of Wildlife Protection 【语篇解读 语篇解读】本文介绍了一个冒险家的乐园 Galapagos Islands,达尔文曾在这儿受到启发写 语篇解读 出了物种起源一书,同时,由于这儿疼惜得很好,直到现在照旧是旅游的好去处. 1. 答案 A 【解析】细节理解题.由文中的 He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals.可知达尔文在这儿观看了各种各样的动物. 2. 答案 C 【解析】细节理解题.依据文中.strict control over activities and timing.可知,当地对游客的 活动和参观时间都是有严格限制的,所以答案选 C 项. 3. 答案 C 【解析】细节理解题.依据 your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures: diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air.可知,在 Galapagos 岛上能与动物亲热接触. 4. 答案 A 【解析】主旨大意题.这篇文章主要是向我们推举 Galapagos Islands,因此题目要具有醒目 的特点,方能达到吸引读者眼球的目的,故题目以 A 为佳. 阅读理解。Feeling blue about the world ? “Cheer up，” says science writer Matt Ridley.“The world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”Ridley calls himself a rational optimistrational，because hes carefully weighed the evidence optimistic，because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what hes set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress for 100, 000 years.He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.Heres how he explains his views.1)Shopping fuels inventionIt is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.The more we specialize and exchange，the better off well be.2) Brilliant advancesOne reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longerlived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needsfood，clothing，fuel and shelterhave grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800 a candle providing one hours light cost six hours work.In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes work to pay for.In 1950 it was eight seconds.Today its half second.3) Lets not kill ourselves for climate changeMitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village，where the use of fassilfuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by wellmeaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.If climaic change proves to be mild，but cutting carbon causes real pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nosebleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。在理性的乐观主义者一书中，作者阐述了自己对于生活中的乐观现象，并且对于购物这样一般的日常行为所带来的乐观影响都做了详尽的分析和描述。1What is the theme of Ridleys most recent book?AWeakness of human nature.BConcern about climate change.CImportance of practical thinking.DOptimism about human progress.答案：D。理解推断题。从其次段的前两句话中，反复提到一个关键词“optimistic”以及信息句“because that evidence shows.”；另外，“this is what hes set out to prove.”一句也正好清楚的表明白作者在本书中所以阐述的正是这个话题，正是与选项D的说法是全都的，即：人类的进步总是不行避开的。2How does Ridley look at shopping?AIt encourages the creation of things.BIt results in shortage of goods.CIt demands more fossil fuels.DIt causes a poverty problem.答案：A。细节推断题。从“Shopping fuels invention”一段正是反映了Ridley的观点：购物能够激发制造制造。选项A与之相吻合。3The candle and lamp example is used to show that _.Aoil lamps give off more light than candlesBshortening working time brings about a happier lifeCadvanced technology helps to produce better candlesDincreased production rate leads to lower cost of goods答案：D。细节推断题。依据Brilliant advances 一段中的“Take one example”一句很明显的确定为：作者拿蜡烛与灯的比较与变化正是为了前面他所提到的看法，故与选项D的说法是全都的。4What does the last sentence of the passage imply?ACutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.BOverreaction to climate change may be dangerous.CPeoples health is closely related to climate change.DCareless medical treatment may cause great pain.答案：B。推理推断题。依据最终一句话中的“cutting carbon causes real pain”可以排解选项A与C的说法，由于它们大相径庭；而依据“putting. around our necks”一句可以表明选项D中“careless”一词运用不当，是不符合语境的。故只有选项B是最正确的。阅读理解 Boiler rooms are often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the citys poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs. Fox Point is operated by Palladian, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy, people. Palladian received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers. w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o mECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called, the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.Michael. Bloomberg, New Yorks mayor, plans to create 165,000 affordable housing units for500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York Citys greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused, by housing. So he recently announced that the citys Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD) , whose duty is to develop and keep the citys supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECPs green standards. w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o mSimilar measures have been taken by other cities such as Cleveland and Denver, but New Yorks DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.( ) 1. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*mA. To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people. B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.C. To show how the environment-friendly building works.D. To compare old and new boiler rooms.( ) 2. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards? A. Lower running costs. w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o mB. Costing less in construction. C. Less air to be lost in hot days.D. Better prices for homeless people.( ) 3. It can be learned from the text that, A. New York City is seriously polluted w_w*w.k_s*5_u.c_o mB. peoples daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York CityC. a great number of people in New York City dont have houses to live inD. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City( ) 4. What is the main purpose of this text? w_w w. k#s5_u.c o*mA. To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.B. To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.C. To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.D. To introduce healthy, environmentally clever-and affordable housing.语篇解读：本篇文章为科技说明文。作者以Fox Point居住群的boiler rooms为切入点，阐述此类房子的环保节能的优点，以及各城市特殊是纽约队建筑此类建筑的乐观响应。1. 答案：C考点：作者的写作意图解析：从第一段最终两句，作者描述开水房仅是从一个侧面呈现整个建筑群的节能，环保，可以得出答案。2. 答案：A考点：细节理解解析：依据文章第三段倒数其次句：Meeting the standards incr