2022武汉市高考英语阅读理解和书面表达一轮练习(4)及答案.docx

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。It s never a real problem for us when the weather gets cold We have many different ways of coping with the coldWe can put on more clothes, stay next to a fireplace, turn on the air conditioner or simply travel to a warmer city to spend the winterBut things are not as easy for plants Unlike humans, plants cant move to escape the cold or generate heat to keep themselves warmSo how do they manage to survive the freezing winter? The cold is a big challenge for plantsTheir living tissues can be damaged when they freezeIts like a plants equivalent(相等物）to frostbite（冻疮）Also，the process of freezing and thawing（解冻）can cause air bubbles to form in the plants water transport systemIf enough of these air bubbles come together as water thaws they can block the flow of water from the roots to the leaves and kill the plant To live through cold weather，plants have developed three strategies，Some plants，such as oak trees, avoid freezing damage by dropping their leaves, before the winter chill sets in-effectively shutting off the flow of water between roots and leavesand growing new leaves and water transport cells when the warm spring returns. Other plants, pine trees for example, protect them-selves by narrowing their water transport cells, which makes it easier for cells to travel among air bubblesThe third stratef;yi8 also the most extremeSome plants; die on the ground in winter and start growing as new plants from seeds when conditions get warmer However, these smart strategies were developed nmry8lowlyover millions of years of evolutionThis leads scientists to worry that plants may not be able to deal with human-caused climate change, which has only started occurring over the past few decadesScientists are hoping to find possible ways to save plants from the threat of climate change1What is the text mainly about? ADifferent ways for people to keep warm BHow plants live through the freezing winter CHow plants develop the 8tratef;ies to keep warm* DThe ways to save plants from the cold,2If the water transport from roots to leaves 18 blocked, Athe plant will suffer from frostbite Bair bubbles will be formed Cthe plants living tissues will be damaged Dthe plant will be killed3Oak trees protect themselves by Astopping the water transport from roots to leavesBdropping their leaves to grow seedsCslowing the flow of water from roots to leavesDstoring enough water in the roots4What does the underlined phrase “sets in” mean in Paragraph3? Astops Bbegins Cleaves Dreturns5What is the main idea of the last paragraph APlants can, easily adapt to climate change BScientists are making efforts to save plants CClimates change is a great threat to plantsDPlants are developing new strategies to survive【参考答案】15、BDADC 阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2021合肥市二模，D)It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children. Swallow a piece of chewing gum and it will remain in your body for seven years before it is digested. An even worse tale is that swallowed gum can wrap itself around your heart.But what does happen if you should accidentally eat a stick of gum? Chewing gum is made out of gum base, sweeteners, coloring and flavoring. The gum base is pretty indigestibleit is a mixture of different ingredients (成分) that our body cant absorb.Most of the time, your stomach really cannot break down the gum the way it would break down other foods. However, your digestive system has another way to deal with things you swallow. After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving along until they make it all the way through the gut (肠子) and come out at the other end one or two days later.The saliva (唾液) in our mouths will make an attempt at digesting chewing gum as soon as we put it in our mouths. It might get through the shell but many of gums base ingredients are indigestible. Its then down to our stomach muscleswhich contract and relax, much like the way an earthworm movesto slowly force the things that we swallow through our systems.Swallowing a huge piece of gum or swallowing many small pieces of gum in a short time can cause a blockage within the digestive system, most often in children, who have a thinner digestive tube than adultsbut this is extremely rare.文章大意：本文为一篇科普类说明文。误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢？本文对此进行了分析。8Children might feel terrified after swallowing chewing gum mainly because _.Athey believe the tall tales about chewing gumBchewing gum will stay in their body for yearsCtheir heart will be wrapped by chewing gumDchewing gum is indigestible for children答案：A细节理解题。依据文章第一段第一句“It is a tall tale that terrifies most young children.”以及对其次、三句话的理解可知，答案A符合文义。B、C两项只是分别说明白tall tale的内容，故排解。9What happens to the food that cant be fully broken down?AIt remains in our digestive system forever.BIt will be eventually moved out of our body.CIt will fight against the power of the gut.DIt will stick to the gut for one or two days.答案：B细节理解题。依据文章第三段最终两句“After all, we eat lots of things that we are unable to fully digest. They keep moving. come out at the other end one or two days later.”可知，答案B符合文义。10The word It (in the 4th paragraph) refers to _.AThe attempt BThe salvia CThe shell DThe gum base答案：B指代推断题。依据对文章第四段前两句的理解可知，此处的It是指第四段第一句中的The saliva(唾液)，故答案B符合文义。11What would be the best title for text?AHow does our digestive system work?BCan chewing gum be swallowed by kids?CDoes swallowing chewing gum matter?DWhy swallowing chewing gum frightens kids?答案：C标题概括题。文章第一段由一个使小孩子可怕的说法导入话题，下文是对口香糖进入肚子后会怎样的一个科学解释，由此可推知，选项C“误食口香糖要紧吗”最适合作为文章标题。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2021合肥市二模，E)Telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally. Anita Kelly, study author and professor of psychology at the University of Notre Dame, employed 110 adults for her study. She divided them into two groups and asked one group to stop lying for 10 weeks. Lies included big ones and tiny onesany false statementsbut participants were still allowed to leave out the truth, keep secrets and avoid questions they didnt want to answer, etc. The other group wasnt given any special instructions about lying.It turns out that both groups reduced their lying, but those who were specifically told to tell the truth improved their health more. “We found that the participants could purposefully and dramatically reduce their everyday lies, and that in turn was associated with significantly improved health，” said Kelly.When participants in the nolie group told three fewer white lies than they did in other weeks, they experienced, on average, fewer mentalhealth complaints and physical complaints. They were less likely to feel tense or sad and also experienced fewer sore throats and headaches. They also reported that personal relationships improved. Additionally, participants found themselves honest about their daily accomplishments, and they stopped making up excuses for being late or failing to complete a task, for example.“Its certainly a worthy goal to have people be more honest and interact with others in a more honest way，” says psychologist Robert Feldman. “That would be beneficial, Im a little doubtful whether it makes us all healthier, but it may make us healthier in a psychological way.”文章大意：本文是一篇科研报告。争辩了撒谎和健康之间的关系。12Which of the following is true according to the text?APeople who tell lies are healthier than those who dont.BBeing honest can help cure sore throats and headaches.CNot all the participants were required to tell the truth.DParticipants involved are asked not to keep secrets.答案：C细节理解题。依据第一段倒数第一句“The other group wasnt given any special instructions about lying.”可知，有一组的试验对象没有被要求讲实情，故答案C符合文义。13The participants of the two groups _.Atold as many lies as before Bwere almost equally healthyCtended to lie less about their activities Dexperienced tenser personal relationships答案：C细节理解题。依据其次段的第一句“It turns out that both groups reduced their lying.”可知，答案C符合文义。14From Robert Feldman, we can learn that _.Awhite lies might make people have more complaintsBhonesty is likely to help people become mentally healthierCpeople should not be honest with others but with themselvesDtelling the truth can make people physically and mentally healthy答案：B推理推断题。依据文章最终一句“. but it may make us healthier in a psychological way”可推知，答案B“恳切会让人们在精神上更健康”符合文义。15The text is mainly about _.Athe connection of honesty and healthBresearch on physical and mental healthCadvice about being an honest personDeffects of honesty on personal relationships答案：A主旨大意题。依据文章第一句“Telling fewer lies benefits people physically and mentally.”的开篇点题可知，本文主要讲的是恳切和健康之间的关系，故答案A符合文义。【湖南省怀化市2022高考英语一模试题】书面表达 (25 marks) Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你的笔友Tony因上期高三期末数学考试未及格而倍受打击，心情低落。请你 (王华)写一封信给他，鼓舞他重拾自信，实现幻想。留意：1、词数不少于120个；2、不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。for you because it can give you some time to be refreshed in both body and mind so that we can go on with our 【江西省上饶市2022高考英语二模试题】书面表达（满分25分）请你以一则公益广告Don，t let the keyboard separate you and your loved ones为题写一篇发言稿，谈谈网络给我们带来的好处，并呼吁人们放下手中的鼠标与家人多多沟通，享受与家人在一起的奇怪时间。参考词汇：网民netizen留意：1词数：120左右；2题目与开头已给出，不计入总词数3可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；4短文中不能毁灭与本人相关的信息。Don9t let the keyboard separate you and your loved onesHello , everyone ! 【参考范文】书面表达：（满分25分）Hello, everyone! Today the number of the netizens in our country has increased rapidly, yet many of them do not pay enough attention to the family. Theres no doubt that we benefit much from the Internet. For example, its convenient for us to get the information we need and communicate with our friends and relatives. Meanwhile, it can help us learn what is happening both at home and abroad. However, no matter how attractive the Internet is, we shouldnt be separated from our loved ones. Therefore, just for a moment, we should stop surfing the Internet and spend time with our families, enjoying the time when we are together. So just remember this: dont let the keyboard separate you and your loved ones.Please take action! Thats all. Thank you!