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阅读理解专题卷40
Children who drink alcohol with their parents are less likely to binge drink (狂饮)in later life, a recent report claimed yesterday.
The survey of 10,000 teens aged 15 and 16 found 75 per cent have drunk alcohol - but those who do it in moderation(适度地)at home are less likely to go on binges.
On the other hand, the findings contradict a recent call from charity Alcohol Concern for parents. Prof Mark Bellis, of Liverpool John Moores University, told Radio 4's Today programme that this would only make matters worse.
He said: "The key points are around people understanding alcohol, learning about alcohol, being set a good example by parents. Something that criminalises(宣布有罪) the parent is likely to stop these things happening."
Teenagers who bought their own alcohol outside the home were also more likely to develop problems such as drinking in public places, the report found. It advised parents to keep pocket money below £10 a week.
Prof Bellis, whose team carried out the survey in schools in the North West, added: "By the age of 14 the majority are drinking.
"The question is, are they learning in a proper environment or learning behind the bushes in a park or in a bar?
"The chances are if they are in the latter position, they are learning to binge drink easily."
1．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us that________.
A.Home Drink Kids don’t Binge
B. A Recent Report on problem boozers is announced
C. Parents are a good example for children
D. The prevention of binging drink is possible
2．Which of the followings is WRONG according to the passage?
A. The report says children who drink alcohol with their parents have little chance to become boozers in later life easily.
B. Prof Mark Bellis thinks the findings doesn’t help prevent binge drink
C. Children learn to binge drink in an advantageous environment as well as in a bad situation.
D. Prof Mark Bellis thinks that parents should be a good model for children
3．Which of the following is the closest to the underlined word “contradict” in meaning ？
A. are the same as B. are similar to
C. think well of D. disagree with
4．Prof Bellis thinks the key to dealing with the problem is________.
A. examples and understanding
B. education and punishment
C. lowering pocket money
D. law and advice centres
5．We can infer from the passage that________.
A. Parents should answer for those who binge drink
B. Drinking is a common and acceptable thing in Brtain
C. Well-behaved parents usaully don’t have children who binge drink
D. Teenagers who drink outside the home were more likely to develop drinking problems .
The standard Outward Bound course lasts for three or four weeks. During that time the students live in the wilderness and go through many physical activities of ever increasing difficulty.
The first few days are given to physical conditioning and to the teaching of basic skills such as first aid, map and compass reading, rope climbing, and other similar activities.
During the second part of the course students learn how to climb rocks and cliffs, how to use canoes and rafts in swift water, and in some schools how to sail, ski, climb mountains, and make long-distance hikes.
The first two parts of the course are done in groups. Members work together and help each other to overcome the increasing number of challenges. In the third part of the course, students are sent out alone for three days to survive in the wilderness with only a few necessities.
Who are the students of Outward Bound? They are both young people and adults, men and women. The minimum age is 16.5 years. There is no maximum age. About one-third of the 6,000 persons completing the course each year are women. Businessmen, housewives, university students, professors, doctors, and lawyers are among those taking part in the course.
In recent years special courses for the busy business managers have gained in popularity. These courses last from five to ten days rather than the usual three to four weeks of the normal course.
Not all students complete the Outward Bound course. In some cases the individual cannot meet the physical challenges. In its own words Outward Bound literature says: "Make no mistake, Outward Bound is not for everybody. The courses aren't easy and are not meant to be."
Most students who finish the course share a common experience. They are surprised at themselves that they finish the course and they feel great pride in doing the impossible! The Outward Bound experience makes them feel that they are better than they know!
6．Where are Outward Bound courses given?
A. In the classroom.
B. On the playground.
C. In the wilderness.
D. In canoes and rafts.
7．All of the following are true EXCEPT __________.
A. Special courses for business executives last five to ten days longer
B. All of the students have to live outdoors
C. The students of Outward Bound are composed of both sexes over 16.5 years
D. More and more businessmen like the Outward Bound course
8．Which of the following is TRUE?
A. Around 6,000 people attend the course each year.
B. About 2,000 women attend the course each year.
C. About 2,000 women overcome the challenges each year.
D. Approximately 2,000 people overcome the challenges each year.
9． When students are sent out alone for the last three days in the course, they .
A. take anything they think necessary with them
B. take the equipment they found useful
C. are provided with everything to make them comfortable
D. are provided with only a few articles which are absolutely necessary
We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of foods are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are nauseating(令人作呕的). When the famous boxer Muhammad Ali visited Africa, for example, one member of his group became quite sick when he saw someone pick up a butterfly and eat it. Many people would find it disgusting to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as appropriate food.
Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat. Tomatoes are sixteenth on the list of most nutritious vegetables, but they are first on the list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.
But dislike is not the only reason why some cultures will not eat a certain food. In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Some foods are taboo in certain religions, but there are also other food taboos that are not connected to a religion. We do not usually think about why certain things are taboo in our culture. We may not even know why they are taboo. Anthropologists(人类学家) try to discover the hidden reasons for taboos.
Anthropologists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the ways of life of different people. Some people live in areas where there are both large animals and many insects. It is difficult for these people to kill large animals, and it requires a lot of energy. It is easier for them to use insects for food because it is not difficult to catch insects and it does not require a lot of energy. Nomadic(游牧的) people who move around will not want to keep pigs for food. People will not eat pets such as dogs. Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and the meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads.
10． What’s the main topic of this passage?
A. Food and religion. B. Food and culture.
C. Nutrition of different foods. D. Different ways of life.
11．Which of the following statements is TRUE about food likes and dislikes?
A. They are seldom related to nutrition.
B. They are mostly associated with people’s taste.
C. They are mostly connected with people’s life styles.
D. They are usually related to cultures or religions.
12．The underlined word “taboo” (Line 3, Para. 3) refers to _____.
A. something undiscovered B. certain religions
C. something forbidden D. certain foods
13．What can we infer from the passage?
A. It is believed that brcoccoli is more nutritious than tomatoes.
B. Americans prefer tomatoes to beef.
C. People in Inner Mongolia would probably like to keep pigs for food.
D. The famous boxer Muhamm Ali would like to eat rat rather than butterfly.
14．Why do Americans prefer to eat beef?
A. Because beef provides a lot of energy people require.
B. Because beef is on the list of the most nutritious foods.
C. Because they have the ideal condition to keep and ship cattle.
D. Because cattle are large animals.
Some scientists warn that ice near the Earth’s Poles may indeed be melting. This “polar meltdown” may be the first sign that the Earth is heating up. We could be in very serious trouble if this trend continues. It is estimated that a meltdown of as little as 10 percent of Antarctica’s ice would raise sea levels around the globe by 4 to 9 meters. Floods would cover low-lying regions and turn coastal cities like New York and New Orleans into real life underwater world.
Scientists first predicted in the 1970s that heat trapped in the Earth’s atmosphere could cause a polar meltdown. Many now believe that human activities are turning up the heat. When we burn fossil fuels like coal and oil, we add carbon dioxide(CO2) gas to the Earth’s atmosphere. Cutting down trees also makes CO2 levels raise because trees normally soak up CO2 to make food. Scientists say higher CO2 levels strengthen the “greenhouse effect” and could increase the Earth’s temperature. In fact, CO2 levels have risen by 30 percent since the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries.
Over the past three years, satellite measurements have shown a sea level rise of about a quarter inch worldwide. “If nothing is done to reduce fossil-fuel pollution and global warming, sea levels will rise even more.” says geologist Richard Alley.
But even Alley admits that a polar meltdown would take time. The ice in Antarctica and Arctic locks up nearly nine times the volume of water contained in all the world’s rivers and lakes. These are such big “ice cubes” and it would probably take thousands of years to melt them.
Another scientist Charles Bentley doesn’t think a meltdown will happen at all. “Even if warmer temperatures begin to melt polar-ice,” he says, “the excess moisture would most likely be redeposit as snow.” In other words, the melted ice would evaporate into the atmosphere, refreeze, and fall as rain and snow over the Poles.
15．What consequence of global warming is mentioned in the passage?
A. More tropical storms. B. More tropical diseases.
C. Changes in farm productivity. D. Coastal flooding.
16． Which of the following statements does the second paragraph support?
A. CO2 in the atmosphere cannot keep the heat from escaping into space.
B. The increase of CO2 gas may warm the planet and help to melt polar ice.
C. Cutting down trees helps to greatly reduce CO2 levels.
D. The end of the short-lived age of fossil fuels is already in sight.
17． Geologist Richard Alley most likely agrees that _______.
A. the sea-level rise can be prevented by cutting back on energy-consuming activities
B. the recent breaking off of ice blocks from Antarctica is just a natural part of a long-term cycle
C. Antarctica temperatures have significantly changed since the Industrial Revolution
D. the polar meltdown may be an accidental change of climate rather than a sign of global warming
18．Charles Bentley believes that a polar meltdown will not occur because _______.
A. governments around the world are beginning to reduce CO2 levels in the air
B. a melting of the polar ice cannot be achieved with the present technologies
C. the melted ice in the polar areas would change into snow and rain over the Poles
D. the sun’s heat would have no chance of being absorbed by the polar ice
19．In which paragraph does the author mention the immense quantities of polar ice?
A. In the second paragraph. B. In the third paragraph.
C. In the fourth paragraph. D. In the fifth paragraph.
During the 1800s, African Americans worked long days in the fields of the American South．To ease their labor, they sang "field hollers" that they had brought from Africa．One person sang a line．Then a group of workers repeated it．The songs' words told of the hardships that people suffered．African Americans sang "shout spirituals", or joyous religious songs．They clapped their hands and stomped their feet to the music．
After the Civil War, the music changed dramatically．African American music, from ballads to church music, took new forms．It also adapted dance music, called "jump-ups"．which had great rhythm． Banjos became popular．A blues singer usually played a call and response with the banjo．By the early 1900s, the guitar had replaced the banjo as the main blues instrument．
Northern Mississippi - called the Delta - was the center of the blues tradition．By the 1920s, the Delta had many clubs, so-called juke joints．African Americans listened and danced to music in these clubs．Some of the greatest blues men and women performed there．
Blues have a soulful sound that is easy to recognize．The musical notes are often "bent"．That is, they are changed slightly to give a song more strength．Whatever their origin, these bent notes most often define the blues．
Lyrics are the words of a song．Blues lyrics describe everyday life．The lyrics, often about relationships between men and women, are often very intense and personal．They tell about sorrow and overwork．They tell about finding or losing love, having money or being broke, being happy or sad and lonely．The lyrics may use humor to describe life's trials and joys．They almost always use the rhythms of everyday speech．A typical blues stanza, or group of lyrics, has three lines．The second line repeats the first line．The third line has different words．
By the 1940s, large numbers of African Americans had left the Delta and moved north to work． Many settled in Chicago．There, a new kind of "electric", or "Chicago" blues began．Many of its themes were the same, but these blues had "wailing" electric guitars and harmonicas．The music had a steady, strong drumbeat．The loud, driving Chicago blues was excellent dance music．Chicago blues led to the birth of a new music style-rock and roll．
20．The "field holler" is a kind of music that came from ___．
A．the American South． B．Africa．
C．Chicago． D．Asia．
21．"Shout spirituals" and "field hollers" are similar in that both_____．
A．used banjos． B．were sung in church．
C．included call and response singing． D．expressed sadness．
22．A typical blues Stanza is made up of____．
A．three lines． B．a harmonica．
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