A16-Test-Bank-Part-II-Chapter-14-Speaking-to-Persuade复习进程.doc

A16-Test Bank Part II-Chapter 14 Speaking to Persuade

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Chapter 14 Speaking to Persuade

True-False Questions

Students are to indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false by circling the appropriate letter.

1.
T
F
Research indicates that evidence is usually more persuasive when it is stated in general rather than specific terms.

2.
T
F
When speaking to persuade, you need to think of your speech as a kind of mental dialogue with your audience.

3.
T
F
“To persuade my audience that Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is the greatest movie of all time” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of value.

4.
T
F
As your textbook explains, persuasion takes place only if the audience is strongly in favor of the speaker’s position by the end of the speech.

5.
T
F
“To persuade my audience to contribute to the campus blood drive” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy whose aim is passive agreement.

6.
T
F
Even though a persuasive speaker’s goal is to influence the audience’s beliefs or actions, he or she still has an ethical obligation to present evidence fairly and accurately.

7.
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When you discuss a question of policy, you must deal with three basic issues–need, plan, and practicality.

8.
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It is usually inappropriate for persuasive speakers to refer to their personal experience in an attempt to bolster their credibility.

9.
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Because it moves from a general principle to a specific conclusion, reasoning from principle is the opposite of reasoning from specific instances.

10.
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Arguments guilty of the ad hominem fallacy attack the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute.

Multiple Choice Questions

Students are to indicate the best answer for each question by circling the correct letter.

1. Of all the kinds of speechmaking, __________ speaking is the most complex and the most challenging.
a. persuasive
b. after-dinner
c. ceremonial
d. informative

2. Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking?
a. A coach reviewing the offensive plays for next week’s game.
b. A lawyer explaining the details of a plea bargaining agreement to her client.
c. An architectural firm recommending adoption of its building plan.
d. An activist honoring past leaders of the labor movement.

3. Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking?
a. A history professor lecturing on the rise of industrialism.
b. A judge explaining the rules of evidence during a criminal trial.
c. A developer urging the city council to build a new convention center.
d. A geneticist reporting her research to a professional meeting.

4. According to your textbook, persuasion is a psychological process in which listeners engage in a __________ with the speaker.
a. situational disagreement
b. mental dialogue
c. cognitive restructuring
d. feedback loop

5. The __________ is that portion of the whole audience that the speaker most wants to persuade.
a. target audience
b. projected audience
c. intended audience
d. focus audience

6. That part of the audience a speaker most wants to persuade is called the __________.
a. specific audience
b. designated audience
c. central audience
d. target audience

7. Lindsay circulated a questionnaire to gauge her classmates’ attitudes toward adopting a citywide ban on smoking in all public buildings. She discovered that 5 audience members already agreed there should be a ban, 6 were firmly opposed, and 10 were undecided. From these results, Lindsay decided that the 10 undecided class members were the __________ for her speech.
a. projected audience
b. majority audience
c. target audience
d. focus audience

8. If you want to persuade a skeptical audience, which of the following is it most important for you to do in your speech?
a. Define unclear terms in the introduction.
b. Answer the reasons for the audience’s skepticism.
c. Organize the speech in problem-solution order.
d. Focus the speech on questions of value.

9. As your textbook explains, if you want to persuade a skeptical audience, you need to __________.
a. answer the reasons for the audience’s skepticism
b. organize the speech in Monroe’s motivated sequence
c. urge the audience to take immediate action
d. circulate an audience-analysis questionnaire

10. The three types of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches are questions of __________.
a. opinion, fact, and policy
b. problem, cause, and solution
c. fact, value, and policy
d. opinion, attitude, and value

11. A persuasive speech exploring the truth or falsity of an assertion is known as a speech on a question of __________.
a. value
b. fact
c. opinion
d. evidence

12. “To persuade my audience that long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields can cause serious health problems” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of_____________.
a. value
b. opinion
c. attitude
d. fact

13. “To persuade my audience that the use of cell phones by car drivers has contributed to a growing number of automobile accidents” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of __________.
a. policy
b. attitude
c. fact
d. value

14. According to your textbook, “To persuade my audience that birds evolved from dinosaurs” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of __________.
a. fact
b. opinion
c. knowledge
d. research

15. According to your textbook, “To persuade my audience that downloading music from the Internet for personal use is ethically wrong” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of __________.
a. policy
b. opinion
c. value
d. fact

16. According to your textbook, “To persuade my audience that doctor-assisted suicide is morally acceptable” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of __________.
a. fact
b. policy
c. judgment
d. value

17. “To persuade my audience that it is unethical for journalists to invade people’s private lives” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of__________.
a. value
b. fact
c. policy
d. opinion

18. According to your textbook, “To persuade my audience that they should adopt a program of regular exercise” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of __________.
a. policy
b. attitude
c. value
d. fact

19. According to your textbook, “To persuade my audience that they should practice abstinence as a way to protect themselves from sexually transmitted diseases” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of __________.
a. value
b. attitude
c. obligation
d. policy

20. “To persuade my audience that there should be tougher enforcement of laws to protect the victims of domestic abuse” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of __________.
a. value
b. attitude
c. policy
d. opinion

21. At which of the following would you be most likely to hear a persuasive speech on a question of fact?
a. An awards ceremony.
b. A jury trial.
c. A political convention.
d. A retirement banquet.

22. As your textbook explains, persuasive speeches on questions of value are most often organized in __________ order.

a. topical
b. analytical
c. deductive
d. causal

23. According to your textbook, “To persuade my audience that cheating on schoolwork is never justified” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of __________.
a. value
b. opinion
c. standards
d. policy

24. Which of the following specific purpose statements is from a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement?
a. To persuade my audience to sign organ donor cards.
b. To persuade my audience to vote in the next local election.
c. To persuade my audience to boycott coffee from plantations that damage the rainforests.
d. To persuade my audience that the campus library should be open 24 hours a day.

25. Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. They are __________.
a. cause, effect, and practicality
b. evidence, practicality, and reasoning
c. need, action, and reaction
d. need, plan, and practicality

26. Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the practicality issue in a persuasive speech on a question of policy?
a. My solution has three major steps.
b. We can no longer ignore the seriousness of the problem.
c. There are three ways to judge the morality of capital punishment.
d. If my plan is adopted, it will be less expensive than the current system.

27. The burden of __________ always rests with the persuasive speaker who advocates change.
a. fact
b. opinion
c. refutation
d. proof

28. Which pattern of organization dose the following set of main points for a persuasive speech on a question of policy follow?

I. Bacterial meningitis is a deadly disease that can spread easily on college campuses.
II. Every college student should be required to get vaccinated against bacterial meningitis.

a. Causal.
b. Deliberative.
c. Need-plan-practicality.
d. Problem-solution.

29. As your textbook explains, __________ order is a way to structure a persuasive speech on a question of policy when the audience already agrees that a problem exists but needs to be persuaded that your plan provides the best solution to the problem.
a. problem-cause-solution
b. comparative advantages
c. Monroe’s motivated sequence
d. need-plan-practicality

30. Which organizational pattern is especially effective for persuasive speeches that seek immediate action by listeners?
a. Problem-solution order.
b. Monroe’s motivated sequence.
c. Reflective-thinking sequence.
d. Psychological process order.

31. Which of the following statements about speakers’ credibility is true?
a. A speaker’s credibility is based on her or his reputation rather than on what happens during a speech.
b. Credibility refers to the speaker’s true character and competence, not merely to the audience’s perception of the speaker.
c. A speaker’s credibility is affected by almost every aspect of the speech except delivery.
d. The same speaker can have high credibility for one audience and low credibility for another audience.

32. Using evidence is especially critical in a persuasive speech when your target audience __________.
a. is apathetic about your point of view
b. is neutral toward your point of view
c. opposes your point of view
d. supports your point of view

33. Studies have found that public speakers will usually be more persuasive when they __________.
a. present evidence in specific rather than general terms
b. state evidence without drawing explicit conclusions from it
c. avoid emotional appeals when seeking action from the audience
d. speak slightly slower than normal when delivering the speech

34. Which of the following is presented in your textbook as a guideline for reasoning from specific instances in a persuasive speech?
a. Cite specific instances that are familiar to your audience.
b. Be sure to state the conclusion before the specific instances that support it.
c. Avoid sweeping conclusions not justified by the specific instances.
d. Use a hypothetical example to relate the specific instances to the audience.

35. What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?

We should be taking every step we can to protect our health. Getting vaccinated against bacterial meningitis will help protect our health. Therefore, each of us should get vaccinated against bacterial meningitis.

a. Reasoning from cause.
b. Reasoning from prudence.
c. Reasoning from specific instances.
d. Reasoning from principle.

36. According to your textbook, what kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?

Five years ago, we came together as a community by voting to build a new elementary school. Today we are asking you to come together again, this time to build a new recreational facility. If we did it before, we can do it again.

a. Analogical reasoning.
b. Chronological reasoning.
c. Functional reasoning.
d. Dialogical reasoning.

37. According to your textbook, what type of fallacy is the following statement?

In high school I didn’t have to study at all and I earned good grades in all my classes, so I’m sure I don’t need to study to do well in my college classes.

a. Either-or.
b. Red herring.
c. Invalid analogy.
d. Hasty deduction.

38. According to your textbook, what type of fallacy is the following statement?

Everyone runs red lights when they’re in a hurry, so there’s no reason I shouldn’t do it, too.

a. Slippery slope.
b. Hasty generalization.
c. False cause.
d. Bandwagon.

39. According to your textbook, what type of fallacy is the following statement?

If we encourage elementary school students to use computers in the classroom, they will spend less time reading books. As a result, they will fall way behind in developing reading, writing, and thinking skills. Pretty soon we will have a generation of illiterates on our hands.

a. Invalid analogy.
b. Bandwagon.
c. Slippery slope.
d. Red herring.

40. According to your textbook, when using emotional appeal in a persuasive speech, you should usually __________.
a. let emotional appeal grow naturally out of the speech content
b. avoid blurring the lines between reason and emotional appeal
c. restrict emotional appeals to the conclusion of the speech
d. substitute emotional appeals for evidence and reasoning

Short Answer Questions

1. The three kinds of questions that give rise to persuasive speeches are questions of fact, questions of value, and questions of policy.

2. “To persuade my audience that there is convincing evidence of intelligent life in other parts of the solar system” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of fact.

3. “To persuade my audience that it is unethical for insurance companies to deny benefits to people with conditions such as AIDS, multiple sclerosis, and hepatitis-C” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of value.

4. “To persuade my audience that our state should impose stricter regulations governing the safety of amusement park rides” is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.

5. “Who is the greatest impressionist painter?” is a question of value. “Should public museums be allowed to raise revenue by selling masterpieces to private collectors?” is a question of policy. “What was the most expensive piece of art sold on the open market in the 20th century?” is a question of fact.

6. As your textbook explains, you must deal with t