1、高中英语必修四Unit5知识归纳精品文档Unit 5 知识归纳词汇1amusement nU消遣;娱乐;C娱乐活动,娱乐用品归纳拓展(1)in amusement 开心地to ones (great) amusement 令人感到(极)好笑的是(2)amuse vt.使发笑;使愉快amuse sb./oneself with以自娱amuse sb.with sth.用某物使某人高兴 (3)amusing adj.有趣的;逗乐的amused adj.感到快乐有趣的be amused at/by 对感到好笑sb.be amused to learn that.某人获悉觉得好笑The boys am
2、used themselves (by) drawing caricatures of their teacher.男孩子们画他们老师的漫画像来取乐。 We were amused at/by the storytellers jokes.听了讲故事者的笑话,我们感到很好笑。We are amused to see that he slid on a banana skin.看到他被香蕉皮滑倒我们感到很好笑。To everyones amusement,the actor fell off the stage.演员从舞台上跌了下来,把大家都逗乐了。2preserve vt. 保护;保存;维护;
3、贮藏n. 保护区归纳拓展(1)preserve ones reputation 维护自己的名声preserve sb./sth.from sth.保护,保全免受(2)preservation n维护;保护;保持;保养They were determined to preserve their leader from attacks.他们决心保护他们的领导人免受袭击。The calm courage of the pilot preserved the lives of the passengers.飞行员临危不惧的勇气保住了乘客们的生命。In summer,large quantities o
4、f fruit may be preserved by freezing or bottling.夏天,大量水果可冷藏或装瓶加以保存。No hunting is allowed in the preserve.在禁猎区内不准打猎。3advance vt.& vi.前进;促进;提前;提出n. 前进;高升;事前;预先;进步,进展归纳拓展(1)advance on/upon/towards sb./sth.(为了进攻,威胁等)前进;行进advance in.在方面有进步,进展(2)in advance (of sth.) 在前面;预先;事先(3)advanced adj. 先进的;高级的;(发展)晚
5、期的;后期的advanced technology 先进技术advanced maths 高等数学advanced cancer 晚期癌症4admission n. 允许进入;入场费;承认归纳拓展(1)make an admission of sth.admit sth.承认某事obtain/gain admission to/into获准进入(2)admit vt.&vi.承认,供认。后跟doing/to doing/thatclause等。vt.准许进入;准许进入/加入归纳拓展admit sb.to/into许可(人或物)加入,接收入学be admitted to/into被允许进入;被录
6、取短语与句型1no wonder难怪归纳拓展(1)wonder nU惊奇;惊叹;C奇迹;奇事It is no wonder (that)难怪It is a wonder (that)奇怪的是in wonder目瞪口呆地do/work wonders创造奇迹(2)wonder用作不及物动词,意为“对感到奇怪/惊异”,常构成短语wonder at对感到惊奇。wonder用作及物动词,意为“想知道,觉得好奇”,后面常接when,where,why,how,if,whether等引导的宾语从句。It is no wonder (that) he has passed the exam.难怪他考试及格了
7、。What are the seven wonders of the world?世界七大奇迹是什么?I wonder how you came to miss your way.我想知道你是怎样迷路的。We wondered at the speed at which it arrived.我们赞叹其到达速度之快。2come to life 活跃起来,苏醒过来;变得有趣或使人更兴奋注意:come to life为不及物动词短语,不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。归纳拓展come back to life/ones senses 苏醒过来come to yourself 恢复常态come to
8、 sb.(主意,办法等)被想出come to sth.合计,共计,达到bring.to life 使更有趣,恢复生机The wounded soldier came to life soon after he was taken to hospital.那位受伤的战士被送到医院后不久就苏醒了。The match finally came to life in the second half.比赛在下半场终于精彩起来。Flowers can bring a dull room back to life.鲜花可使沉闷的房间恢复生气。The idea came to me in the bath.我
9、洗澡时,想出了这个主意。3not only.but also.不但,而且归纳拓展(1)相当于not just.but also.,相同的意思还可用以下词组表达:not merely.but also.,not just.but.,not only.but.。(2)not only/just与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等。(3)not only等形式只能连用,而but also既可连用,也可分开用,also也可省略。(4)not only放在句首,后接句子时要用倒装结构。(5)as well as与not only.but also.在表达“不仅而且”意义时,“A as well
10、 as B”的侧重点在前者,“Not only A but also B”的侧重点在后者,谓语动词的数要根据就近原则来确定。I not only heard it,but (also) saw it.I not only heard it,I saw it,too/as well.I not only heard it,but saw it as well.我不但听到,而且看到它了。Not only Tom but also his parents like cartoons.Not only his parents but also Tom likes cartoons.不仅汤姆,而且他的父
11、母也喜欢卡通片。(汤姆和他父母都喜欢卡通片。)You as well as I am wrong.Not only I but also you are wrong.你和我都错了。语法构词法在英语中,词的构成方法主要有三种:合成、转化和派生。一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词,有的用连字符“”连接,有的直接连写在一起,还有的由分开的两个词构成。常见的合成词由以下几种方式合成:1合成名词policeman,readingroom,blackboard,playground,editorinchief(总编辑)2合成形容词easygoing,blueeyed,newlybuilt,lefthand
12、ed,broadleaved,facetoface,twoyearold3合成动词babysit,frogmarch,overburden,whitewash4合成副词hereby,wherever,anyhow,meantime,forever5合成代词himself,ourselves,nothing6合成介词outside,without,into二、转化一个单词由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性。单词转化后的意义往往与转化前的意义有密切联系。1名词和动词之间的转化reason(n.)reason(v.)He reasoned that if we started at dawn,we w
13、ould be there by noon.他推断我们要是黎明出发,中午就能到那儿。2形容词(或副词)转化为名词(或动词)well(adj.&adv.)well(n.)well(v.)The villagers get their water from a well.该村村民吃井水。Tears welled up in her eyes.她热泪盈眶。3名词转化为形容词或副词downtown市中心,城镇商业中心(n.)位于闹市区的(adj.)向(在)城镇商业中心区(adv.)4形容词转化为副词hard adj.坚硬的,困难的adv.努力地How hard the students study!这
14、些学生学习多么刻苦呀!5其他词类转化为名词Medicine is a must for the flooded area.药物是洪水灾区的必需品。三、派生由一个词根加上前缀或后缀构成另一个词。1前缀(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis,il,im,in,ir,mis,non,un等,在单词的前面加这类前缀常常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现disappear消失cover盖uncover揭去覆盖物/discover揭露correct正确的incorrect不正确的proper恰当的improper不恰当的lead带领mislead领错violence暴力nonviolence非暴力
15、反抗;非暴力主义(2)re后与名词、动词、形容词或副词结合,表示“再;又;重新”。rebuild重建react反应;回应rebirth重生;再生reform改革(3)en后与名词、动词、形容词结合,表示“放进;放上;使变得;使变成”。enable使能够encamp扎营;野营;露营(4)multi作前缀,表示“有很多”。multicoloured多色的multistorey多层的(5)tele作前缀,表示“远距离的;远的”。telegram电报telephone电话telescope望远镜(6)kilo作前缀,表示“千”。kilogram千克kilometre千米(7)表示其他意义的前缀常用的还
16、有:a(多构成表语形容词),anti(反对;抵抗),auto(自动),co(共同),inter(互相),sub(下面的;次,小)等。alone单独的antigas防毒气的autochart自动图表cooperate合作international国际的subway地铁2后缀后缀通常改变词性,构成意思相近的其他词性的词,少数后缀同时会改变词义。(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有:ence,(e)r/or(从事某事的人),ese(某地人),ess(雌性),ful(一的量),ian(精通的人),ist(专业人员),ment(运动;结果),ness(性质;状态),tion(动作;过程)等。Japan日本Jap
17、anese日本人act表演actress女演员mouth口mouthful一口music音乐musician音乐家art艺术artist艺术家move运动,移动movement运动happy高兴的happiness高兴important重要的importance重要性translate翻译translation翻译(2)构成动词的后缀经常用的有:(e)n(多用于形容词之后),fy(使化),ize(使成为)。wide宽的widen加宽beauty美beautify美化real真实的realize意识到(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有:al(属于的,具有性质的),able (有能力的),(a)n(某
18、国人的),en(多用于表示材料的名词后),ern(方向的),ese(某国人的),ful(充满的),(ic)al(与有关,的),ish(如的),ive(倾向的),less(表示否定),like(像的),ly(有性质的),ous(有特性的),some,y(表示天气)等。nature自然natural自然的reason道理reasonable有道理的gold金子golden金的east东方eastern东方的child孩子childish孩子气的snow雪snowy下雪的friend朋友friendly友好的care仔细,小心careless粗心的(4)构成副词的常用后缀有:ly(主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度),ward(s)(主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。angry生气的angrily生气地to到towards朝,向east东方eastward向东收集于网络,如有侵权请联系管理员删除