初中英语常用时态总结电子教案.doc

初中英语常用时态总结

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初中英语常用时态
初中常用时态有：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时， 过去进行时
（1） 一般现在时：表示现阶段经常发生或存在的状态
1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。
　　在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：
　　She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 　　
I cycle to work every day .
　　It seldom rains here .
　　2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。
　　这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。例如：
　　He can speak five foreign languages .
　　That is a beautiful city .
　　Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
　　She majors in music .
　　All my family love football .
　　My sister is always ready to help others .
　　3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。
　　顾名思义，客观的情况是"没有时间概念"的；也"不会在意动作进行的状态"。例如：
　　The sun rises in the east .
　　The earth goes around the sun .
　　Ten minus two is eight.
　　Light travels faster than sound .
　　The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean.
　　4)当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：
　　I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。
　　If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details.
　　如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。
　　用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today , nowadays等等。
（2） 一般过去时：表示过去的动作或状态
常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。

（3） 一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态

　　肯定句式： will／shall(疑问句主语为第一人称I/We时，常用shall)＋do
　 例如：He will work for us .
It is going to rain.

注意：有时候，一般现在时和现在进行时可以用来表示将来时，但不是所有动词都可以，必须是go，come，arrive，reach，leave , start, begin等瞬间动词才可以，瞬间动词所表示动作时间上极短，几乎没有正在进行的时间。表示将来只能是瞬间动词的进行时。
eg：We are leaving tomorrow. We are coming next week.
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
区别:一般现在时表将来,表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。
现在进行时表将来时,表示按计划安排要发生的事件。

主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的“将来时间”是指“说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间”。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：　
1）shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是“纯粹的将来动作”。例如：
　　I shall / will not be free tomorrow .
　　He will arrive here this evening .
　　2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式
　　这种表示方法主要是说明 A）“说话人的意图、打算”；B）“某种可能性”。例如：
　　A) He is going to spend his holidays in London .
　　Who is going to speak first?
　　B) It is going to rain soon .
　　Is he going to collect any data for us?
If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place.
3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述两钟情况：
　　按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远； 要求或命令他人做某事。例如：
　　A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days.
　　The factory is to go into production before National Day.
B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room .
You are to stay home until your mother comes back.
　　4) 用一般现在时或现在进行时（限于某些动词）表示按计划安排要发生的事。主要强调“按计划安排要发生的事”。例如：
　　Do you get off at the next stop?
　　The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m.
　　Mr.Q is leaving for New York next week.

(4)现在进行时：表示现在正在发生或进行的动作
1）“说话、写文章的当刻”正在发生的动作。例如：
　　They are having a football match .
　　She is writing her term paper.
　　Someone is asking for you on the phone.
　　2）“现阶段”一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如：
　　He is preparing for CET .
　　How are you getting along with your new job？
　　3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于“一般现在时”所描述的情况。例如：
He is always thinking of others , not of himself . 　
She is often doing well at school.
　　Are you feeling better today?
One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.　　
Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch , return, dine , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear 等。
例如：I'm dinning out with my friends this evening.
An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 　　
We are having a holiday next Wednesday.
　　Are you staying here till next week?

(5)过去进行时:表示过去正在进行的动作
1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，例如：
　　At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.
　　When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.　　What were you doing at eight last night ?
　　2）用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况。
　　过去进行时所描述的动作是“正在进行”，所以，在这种情景中用“过去进行时”可以给读者一种“动感”，从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如：
One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity … .　　
3)（仅限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如：
When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday .　　
She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 。
My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .　　
We left there when it's getting dark.

(6)现在完成时：表示过去已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果
1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作
By now, I have collected all the data that I need .　　
She has read 150 pages today .
　　We haven't met for many years .
　　They have developed a new product .
　　2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作
　　Have you had your dinner?
　　She has been to the United States.
　　You have grown much taller.
　　3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续
　　It has been five years since he joined the army .
　　They have learned English for eight years .
　　So far we've only discussed the first five chapters.

※　1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。例如：
　　He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。）
　　He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。）
　　He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。）
　　He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时，这里说明动作的总和。）
　　He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. （现在完成进行时，强调动作的连续性。）
　　2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。
　　例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.
　　I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.
　　3) 有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动词常见的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
　　Be动词若是用于进行时态，可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如：
　　Tom is being a good boy today .
　　He is being childish .
　　You are not being modest .
　　4）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题
　　A. 凡是"完成时态"都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
　　B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而不知什么时候的以前。

时态练习题1：
1. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people ________ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
　　A. begin B. began
　　C. have begun D. had begun
　　2. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you ________ advertisements showing happy families.
　　A. will often see B. often see
　　C. are often seeing D. have often seen
　　3. —I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
　　—Oh, how nice! Do you know when she ________?
　　A. was leaving B. had left
　　C. has left D. left
　　4. —What were you doing when Tony phoned you?
　　—I had just finished my work and________ to take a shower.
　　A. had started B. started
　　C. have started D. was starting
　　5. I ________ you not to move my dictionary—now I can’t find it.
　　A. asked B. ask
　　C. was asking D. had asked
　　6. —Has Sam finished his homework today?
　　—I have no idea. He ________ it this morning.
　　A. did B. has done
　　C. was doing D. had done
　　7. —What’s that terrible noise?
　　—The neighbors ________ for a party.
　　A. have prepared B. are preparing
　　C. prepare D. will prepare
　　8. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy ________ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
　　A. had considered B. has been considering
　　C. considered D. is going to consider
　　9. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ________ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
　　A. was B. were
　　C. had been D. would be
　　10. The discussion ________ alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
　　A. was coming B. had come
　　C. has come D. came
　　11. Because the shop ________ , all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
　　A. has closed down B. closed down
　　C. is closing down D. had closed down
　　12. Let’s keep to the point or we ________ any decisions.
　　A. will never reach B. have never reached
　　C. never reach D. never reached
　　13. My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I’m afraid I ________ half of it.
　　A. was missing B. had missed
　　C. will miss D. missed
　　14. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847—1931) ________ the world-leading inventor for sixty years.
　　A. would be B. has been
　　C. had been D. was
　　15. —You were out when I dropped in at your house.
　　—Oh, I ________ for a friend from England at the airport.
　　A. was waiting B. had waited
　　C. am waiting D. has waited

时态练习题2：
　 1. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ________ 50 million.
　　A. have reached B. has reached
　　C. are reaching D. had reached
　　2. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he ________ her somewhere.
　　A. saw B. has seen
　　C. sees D. had seen
　　3. The crazy fans ________ patiently for two hours and they would wait till the movie star arrived.
　　A. were waiting B. had been waiting
　　C. had waited D. would wait
　　4. She ________ her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
　　A. would change B. has changed
　　C. changed D. was changing
　　5. The first use of weapons was in 1945, and their power ________ increased enormously ever since.
　　A. is B. was
　　C. has been D. had been
　　6. —You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?
　　—I’m sorry I ________ anything about it sooner. I certainly think it’s pretty on you.
　　A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say
　　C. won’t say D. didn’t say
　　7. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness ________.
　　A. has grown B. is growing
　　C. grew D. had grown
　　8. Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will ________ fresh for several days.
　　A. be stayed B. stay
　　C. be staying D. have stayed
　　9. How can you possibly miss the news? It ________ on TV all day long.
　　A. has been B. had been
　　C. was D. will be
　　10. －Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
　　－Where was I?
　　－You ________ you didn’t like your father’s job.
　　A. had said B. said
　　C. were saying D. had been saying
　　11. I arrived late; I ________ the road to be so icy.
　　A. wouldn’t expect 　　 B. haven’t expected
　　C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
　　12. I ________ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me up in time!
　　A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep
　　C. fell asleep D. fall asleep
　　13. Although he has lived with us for years, he _______ us much impression.
　　A. hadn’t left B. didn’t leave
　　C. doesn’t leave D. hasn’t left
　　14. I ________ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
　　A. will play B. have played
　　C. played D. play
　　15. I wonder why Jenny ________ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
　　A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write
　　C. won’t write D. hadn’t written

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