高考英语(精讲+精练+精析)专题28-任务型阅读(江苏)习题(含解析)1复习过程.doc

高考英语(精讲+精练+精析)专题28-任务型阅读(江苏)习题(含解析)1

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专题28任务型阅读（江苏）
【2017年高考命题预测】
预测一选材新颖，贴近考生生活。任务型阅读选用的都是考生所熟知的一些话题，2017年高考任务型阅读也一定会选用考生所熟悉并感兴趣的话题，如健康、交友、名胜古迹、校园生活等。当然，考生在平时训练中也要兼顾一些社会热点问题等。
预测二难度将有所降低。由2008、2009两年江苏卷的任务型阅读看，其难度较大。而2010年江苏卷的任务型有所下降。为了体现高考应具有的效度，预测2014年任务型阅读的难度于2010年相当。
预测三体裁还会以说明文为主兼顾议论文，文章长度稳定。2008、2009、2010三年的任务型阅读都是说明文和议论文相结合的体裁。这类体裁的文章结构一般都比较明晰。平常练习中考生要特别注重对这类体裁的训练，同时也要兼顾其他各种体裁的文章，如议论文、记叙文等。从文章长度上看，2008年是420多个词，2009年是500多个词，2010年是500多个词。。由此预测，2015年的任务型阅读的词数应该保持在500词左右。

【考点定位】2017考纲解读和近几年考点分布
任务型阅读是江苏省在2008年开始采用的一种新的阅读理解考查形式。词汇要求提高至3000个左右。
两省的任务型阅读的题型结构为一篇300词左右的短文和表格，要求考生对文中的有效信息进行筛选、整合和综合概括，然后准确、有序地完成表格的空缺(根据说明，一空只填一词)。这不仅要求考生有较好的语篇理解能力，同时还必须具有获取有效信息、把握文章整体结构的能力。而且在填写过程中，考生还必须具备较扎实的词法和句法知识，因为所填写的单词不仅要准确表达意思，还必须在词性和词形上与上下文的句子结构保持一致或匹配。根据图表的呈现形式分为：1．组织结构式；2．网络式；3．射线式。
任务型阅读的出现不仅有利于考查学生把握文章的篇章结构、综合处理信息的能力，体现出了新课改增加客观表达题的努力，同时对英语教学和高考复习提出了极高的要求。
【考点pk】 名师考点透析
由于任务型阅读是“新生事物”，学生普遍感觉很难。首先要了解表格的设置，据考试说明中的范例，表格一般是文章的整体行文结构，包括标题、段落大意、文章细节、结论等部分。其次要领悟空缺的类型，如：
1．筛选类：通过定位题目在文章中的位置即可找到答案，一般为原词。
2．整合类：要对文章的原句进行加工，根据句型结构变化和语法要求提炼出新词，
如：There are mainly two types of sources． →There are two types of sources．(main)
The person presenting the program is very passionate．→The is very passionate．(presenter)
3．概括类：根据说明，要能概括出文章的标题、段落大意、文章的目的、结论等，要求较高。同学们在填空时务必要仔细，注意单词大小写、单复数、词性等。

1）掌握归纳技巧。有时表格中（尤其最上栏、最左栏）需要学生概括相应栏内的内容，这就要求学生学会使用一些概括性词语。常用归纳概括性词汇有：aims，purposes，reasons，causes，results，effects，advice，suggestions，opinions，topics，background，introduction，advantages，disadvantages，attitudes，features，phenomena(phenomenon)，tips，characteristics(character)，personality，data，name，sex，conclusion等。有时不仅需要记清楚这些概括性词汇，还要熟练掌握该词汇的常用搭配，以便迅速锁定最佳词语。如比较an introduction of something，instructions for something，measures to something和knowledge about something 后，考生们可以根据不同的介词的使用，快速辨清到底应使用这几个相近名词中的哪一个。
2）巧妙运用转换。有时原文中的词汇不能直接用来填入空格，要求学生用相应词组替代转换。这就需要考生们平时多积累英语词汇，学会用英语解释英语，多查英英词典，巧用同义词、反义词、前缀、后缀、常用句型、词语搭配等。
4．检查答案。
主要检查字数是否符合要求，所填内容与原文意思是否保持通顺一致，句意是否连贯，是否符合语法规则等。
总之，只要考生注意平时多做任务型阅读的题目，多总结各种表格的特点，注意常用词汇的积累，做题时细心并适时随机应变，完全可以游刃有余地应对任务型阅读这种新题型。

【三年高考】 14、15、16高考试题及其解析
2016年高考试题
[2016·江苏卷]
请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
An extension of the human brain
Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies(欠缺), much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I've called a “social prosthetic(义肢的) system”. Such systems do not need to operate face­to­face, and it's clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It's already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgement.
Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don't need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I'm writing; I'm no longer comfortable writing if I'm not connected to the Internet. It's become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.
Regarding judgement: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I'm writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “new idea”， I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I've begun using a smartphone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting)．
But that's the upside(好处). The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.

An extension of the human brain

A prosthetic
nature
●The 71.________ can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency.
●It 72.________ in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings，and expanding the range of social activities.
Wonderful
aspects：
memory and
judgement

●On the Internet，we could quickly and easily locate the details，and check facts，without 73.________ them in mind.

●The Internet makes us smarter over 74.________ kinds of things.It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the 75.________ of the matter.
●The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to 76.________ our claims, and to 77.________ our actions.

The
78．________
sides of
smartphones

●Smartphones make it easier and more 79.________ to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo.

●Smartphones 80.________ the possibility for new and insightful minds，and steal away our dead time.

【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文，主要探讨了科技对人类生活的影响。假肢弥补了人类身体的缺陷；因特网在存储记忆和判断事物方面有强大的功能；智能手机帮助人们更方便、快捷地了解时事，然而它也给人们的生活带来了一些不好的影响。

71. Internet　根据第一段中的“It's already a big bank of many minds.”可知，网络能弥补我们心理和情感上的缺失，故填Internet。
72. participates/joins　根据第一段的“When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I've called a ‘social prosthetic(义肢的) system’．”中的participating可知答案。
73. keeping　根据第二段中的“…Once I look up something on the Internet, I don't need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do so.”中的keep可知其构成短语keep…in mind“记住”，介词without后跟v.­ing形式，故可知答案填keeping。
74. all/different/various　根据第三段中的“…The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large.”可知，网络使我们在很多方面更聪明，故知答案。
75. heart/core　根据第三段中的“…it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning.”中的core可知答案。
76. check　根据第三段中的“But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a‘new idea’， I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar…”可知，网络能使我们相互交换意见从而核实我们的想法，故知答案。
77. judge　根据第三段中的“…I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.”可知，我们可以根据其他人的想法来判断我们的行为，故知答案。

2015年高考试题
[2015·江苏卷]
请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
People select news in expectation of a reward. This reward may be either of two kinds. One is related to what Freud calls the Pleasure Principle, the other to what he calls the Reality Principle. For want of better names, we shall call these two classes immediate reward and delayed reward.
In general, the kind of news which may be expected to give immediate reward are news of crime and corruption, accidents and disasters, sports, social events, and human interest. Delayed reward may be expected from news of public affairs, economic matters, social problems, science, education, and health.
News of the first kind pays its rewards at once. A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved. He can tremble wildly at an axe­murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.
News of the second kind, however, pays its rewards later. It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance—as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer. It has a kind of “threat value”. It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared. When a reader selects delayed reward news, he pulls himself into the world of surrounding reality to which he can adapt himself only by hard work. When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality towards the dream world.
For any individual, of course, the boundaries of these two classes are not stable. For example, a sociologist may read news of crime as a social problem, rather than for its immediate reward. A coach may read a sports story for its threat value: he may have to play that team next week. A politician may read an account of his latest successful public meeting, not for its delayed reward, but very much as his wife reads an account of a party. In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness. Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.
What news stories do you read？

Division of
news stor­ies
●People expect to get 71.________ from reading news.
●News stories are roughly divided into two classes.
●Some news will excite their readers instantly while others won't.
72.______
of the
two classes

●News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual 73.________．
●Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and 74.________similar feelings with those involved.

●News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a 75.________to them.
●News of delayed reward will induce the reader to 76. ________for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to 77.________from the reality.

Unstable boundaries of the two
classes
●What readers expect from news stories are largely shaped by their 78.________．
●Serious readers will both get excited over what happens in some news stories and 79.________ themselves to the reality.
●Thus, the division, on the whole, 80.________on the reader.

72. Explanations　第三、四段是对两种新闻类型的解释。故填Explanations。
73. involvement　根据第三段的“A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.”中的过去分词involved可知此处应填动词involve的名词形式。
74. share　根据第三段的“He can tremble wildly at an axe­murder, shake his head sympathetically and safely at a hurricane, identify himself with the winning team, laugh understandingly at a warm little story of children or dogs.”中的shake his head sympathetically，laugh understandingly等可推知读者会产生感情共鸣，即分享类似的情感。
75. threat　根据第四段的“It sometimes requires the reader to tolerate unpleasantness or annoyance—as, for example, when he reads of the threatening foreign situation, the mounting national debt, rising taxes, falling market, scarce housing, and cancer.”中的threatening转化成名词threat可知答案。
76. prepare　根据第四段的“It is read so that the reader may be informed and prepared.”中的prepared转化为动词prepare可知答案。
77. withdraw　根据第四段的“When he selects news of the other kind, he usually withdraws from the world of threatening reality towards the dream world.”中的withdraw可知答案。
78. profession(s)/intention　根据第五段第二、三、四句所举事例可推断答案。
79. adapt　根据第五段的“In any given story of corruption or disaster, a thoughtful reader may receive not only the immediate reward of indirect experience, but also the delayed reward of information and preparedness.”可推断答案。
80. depends　根据第五段最后一句话“Therefore, while the division of categories holds in general, an individual's tendency may transfer any story from one kind of reading to another, or divide the experience between the two kinds of reward.”可推断答案。

2014年高考试题
[2014·江苏卷]
请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
The expression, “everybody's doing it”，is very much at the centre of the concept of peer pressure. It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their lives.
People are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self­respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct(天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people's lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you？” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self­discipline that simplifies day­to­day interaction.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behaviour. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can't afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses”．
However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves.
Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.

72．influences　考查原词再现。根据首段第二句中“It is a strong influence of a group…”可知同龄压力是对一个群体的影响，此处需填写动词，和题干中的works一起构成并列谓语，即influences。
73．practical　考查原词再现。根据第二段最后一句中“There is a practical aspect to this…”可知此处用practical。
74．unconsciously　考查同义替换。根据第二段第二句“This instinct(天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people's lives.”可知在生活中，周围的人都会不知不觉地相互影响，故用unconsciously。
75．individuals　考查原词再现。根据第三段的首句“For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so import