新概念英语第一册知识点归纳与讲解--短语、词组归纳复习过程.doc

新概念英语第一册知识点归纳与讲解短语、词组归纳 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：一、动词+介词1look at看，look like 看上去像， look after 照料2listen to听3welcome to欢迎到4say hello to 向问好5speak to对说话此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。如：This is my new bike. Please look it after.()This is my new bike. Please look after it.()二、动词+副词“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类：A动词（vt.）+副词1put on 穿上 2take off脱下 3write down记下 此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。试比较：First listen to the tape, then write down the answer/write the answer down. ()First listen to the answer, then write down it.()First listen to the answer, then write it down.()B动词（vi）+副词。1come on赶快 2get up起床 3go home回家 4come in进来 5sit down坐下 6stand up起立此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games介词短语聚焦 “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。 1in+语言/颜色/衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着。如：in English，in the hat2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等，表示“在排/队/班级/年级”等。3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。5in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”；on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。如：There are some in the tree. There are many apples on the trees. 6in the wall表示“在墙上（凹陷进去）”；on the wall表示“在墙上（指墙的表面）”。如：Therere four windows in the wall, and there is a map on the back wall. 7at work（在工作）/at school（上学）/at home（在家）应注意此类短语中无the。8at + 时刻表示钟点。如：at six, at half , past ten. 9like this/that表示方式，意为“像这/那样”。10of短语表示所属关系。如：a picture of a classroom, a map of China. 11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。如：beside/ near the door, under/ behind the tree. 12from与to多表示方向，前者意为“从”，后者意为“到”。如：from one to ten, (go) to school/ bed/ work. 另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike等。重点句型大回放1I think意为“我认为”，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I dont think，如：I think hes Mr Zhinag. (L17)I dont think you are right. 2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把给”，动词give之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用give it/ them to sb. 如：His parents give him a nice purse./His parents give a nice purse to him. Give it to Mr Hu.(L57)3take sb./ sth. to意为“把(送)带到”，后常接地点，也可接人。如：Please take the new books to the classroom.4One, the other/One isand one is意为“一个是；另一个是”，必须是两者中。如：One is red and one is grey.(L50)或 One is red, the other is grey.5Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”，人后应用不带to的动词不定式，其否定式为Dont let sb，do sth.，或Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Lets 与Let us的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，如：Lets go for a walk./Let us try once more, please.6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换。如：Let me help you find it.(L42)/Let me help you with it.7What about？/How about？意为“怎么样？”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词，其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。如：What/How playing chess? 8Its time to do/ Its time for sth. 意为“该做的时间了”，其中to后须接原形动词，for后可接名词或V-ing形式。如：Its time to have supper. =Its time for supper.9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”，如：Li Lei and his friends like to play in the tree house. (L 43)前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，试比较：Tom likes swimming, but doesnt like to swim this afternoon. 10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”，其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式，如：Ask your friends to guess what is in it. (L44)11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”，该句型的用法同前面第2点。如：Show your friend your family photo.（L36）/Show your family photo to your friend. 12introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”；introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。如：Introduce your family to her. 重点短语快速复习 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. eitheror或者或者，不是就是 3. neithernor既不也不4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因而著名8. on ones way to在途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在的尽头，在的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make ones way to往（艰难地）走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室23. at the head of在的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢，抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take ones temperature 给某人体温31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as 一就34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stopfrom doing sth. 阻止干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again再三地，反复地38. wake up 醒来，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise运动42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从向外46. all by oneself 独立，单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=notany longer/more 不再49. get back 回来，取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care of=look after(well)（好好）照顾，照料56. think of 考虑到，想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）61. turn off 关1. give sb sth给某人某物 give me a book;show/send sb sth展示/发送give sth to sb 把某物给某人 give a book to himshow/send sth to sb2.live at King street (小地点) arrive at the station stay at homelive in Fuzhou(大地点) arrive in New York stay in London 3.take sb to +地点My father takes me to school every day .4.want sth 想要某物 I want some milk.Want to do sth 想要做某事 She wants to buy a new book.Want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 They want me to open the door.dodoes not want sb to do sth 不想要某人做某事 I do not want you to miss the train.5.get up起床I always get up at 7:00.6.keep sth +adj. 保持某物的.Keep the floor cleankeep the room tidy7.be absent(from)缺席I was absent from school yesterday.8.on the/ones way to在去的路上On the way home (to school),I met an old friend. On the train to在去的火车上9.lose ones way 迷路=be lostI lost my way .=I was lost 10.say to oneself 自言自语“I can win” I said to myself 11.put sth into 把放到I put some money into my pocket .I put some books into my bag .12. take out取出He took out a note book and wrote them down ,13. put on your coat 穿上 take off your shoes 脱掉turn on 打开 turn off 关掉put your coat on take your shoes off put it on take them off 14. be afraid of sth 害怕 I am afraid of dog .be afraid (that)+宾从 恐怕I am afraid that it will rain tomorrow .Im afraid that I cant do it .15.buy sth for sb 为某人买某物I bought a present for you .buy sth from sb 从某人那买某物 She bought a tie from Tony .16.hundreds of 数以百计 thousands of 数以千计.17Be in fashion 时髦 Jeans are always in fashion.Be out of fashion 过时Skirts are out of fashion this year .18.till (until )I can arrive till(until)3:00 this afternoom.Not untilI didnt finish my homework until 10:00 in the evening . 19.a lot of water（不可数）oranges （可数）many apples （可数）much meat （不可数）plenty of time（不可数）/tomatoes（可数）20.not at all 根本不I dont know her at all .I dont want to talk with him at all .21.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner /a meal /a swim/ a bath /a lesson/a holiday/a good time .22.be ready for sth 准备好 Im ready for dinner .be ready to do sth 准备好做某事 She is ready to go out .23.Iet sb do sth 让某人做某事Lets go to school at once .Let her go out .24.have been to 到过I have never been to shanghai25.all the time 一直26.take/bring sb to +地点带某人去（来）某地take /bring sth to sb 带走来某物给某人27.have a try试一试 try to do sth 试图做某事try ones best to do sth 尽全力做某事28.believe sb 相信是真的 believe in sb信任某人 believe(that)+(宾语从句)29.since 自从30.speak to 对某人说 write to 写信给某人 wave to 向某人招手 move to 搬到31.decide to do sth 决定做某事 I decide to tell her the truth.make up ones mind to do sth 下定决心做某事I made up my mind to open my mouth and pratise more.32.fly to 飞往 return to 返回 return sth to sb 归还某物给某人33.leave 离开 leave for 离开到某地34.belong to 属于35.do with /handle 处理36.be sorry that +从句 be sure that+从句子确定37.had better (not )do sth 最好做(不要做)某事38.at once (right away /immediately)立刻39.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事40.be adj.enough(for sb )to do 对于某人说足够做某事 too+adj.(for sb )to do 对某人太.而不能做某事41. at the top of 在顶部42.tell sb sth 告诉某人某事 tell sb about/of sth 告诉某人关于某事tell sb (not )to do sth 告诉某人做(不要做)某事 tell sb that +从句43.be full of 充满44.ask sb (not )to do sth 要求某人做(不要做)某事45.would like sth 想要would like to do sth 想要/愿意做某事46.instead of +名代（宾格）代替she was ill, so I went there instead. I went there instead of her.There was no milk, so I drank some orange instead. I drank some orange instead of milk47.afford sth/lto do sth 付得起某物/做某事48.A is as +adj .+as B A和B一样. A is not as (so)+adj .+as B A 不如B.49.pay for sth 付钱50.get on/off 上车/下车 happen to 碰见 grow up 长大51.invite sb to sth /for sth 邀请某人 Invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事52.play a joke on sb 开某人玩笑53.look for /find 寻找/找到54.forget to do sth 忘记做某事 forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事55.offer sb sth =offer sth to sb 提供某人某物I offered you a cup of tea .=I offered a cup of tea to you .56.must be 肯定 cant be 不可能57.by oneself 自己 at least 至少58.need (实意动词)to do sth 需要做某事Need（情态动词） +动原 必要做某事neednt+动原 没必要做某事59.take a photo /a walk /a rest (break)/a bus / advice make tea / coffee /a mistake /a mess /the bed /a film/a noise 60.go abroad /overseas 出国61.It takes +(sb)+时间段 +to do sth 花（某人多少时间做某事）62.look after /take care of 照顾63.in the end /at last 最后64.worry about sth 担心 be worried about sth 65.introduce A to B 把A介绍给B 66.get married结婚 Marry sb 和某人结婚67.depend on依靠，取决于68.by the way 顺便说一下（问一下）69.talk to sb 对某人说 /with sb 和某人谈话 /about sth 谈话关于70.begin to do sth /start to do sth 开始做某事71.make up /dress up打扮，化妆72.go for a walk .散步73.make sb +adj 使某人74.be covered with覆盖 6 / 6