非谓语动词在高考中的考点及易错点教学提纲.doc

非谓语动词在高考中的考点及易错点一、规律方法1考查立意较低，主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法。但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。2设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。二、命题趋势不容置疑，高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，试题的特征将继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。三、突破方法1非谓语动词的用法是一个系统性、综合性很强的语言点，切不可记住几个条条框框就去乱套。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： 具有句子结构的知识，要分得清简单句与复合句，陈述句与祈使句。 具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词，双宾动词和复宾动词。一些最基础最常用的动词的用法应当烂熟于胸。 具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析30词左右长度的复合长、难句。2理解分析非谓语动词的句法功能，重点掌握不定式、动名词作宾语的区别；不定式、分词作补语的区别；不定式、分词作状语的区别；独立主格的用法；不定式、分词作定语的区别。四、非谓语题的解题总方法1. 先看四个答案：如果四个答案分别为动词原形、不定式、现在分词、过去分词等情况，那么这个题多半是非谓语动词题。2. 看符号：中间有个逗号，末尾有个句号（有时中间没有逗号）；3. 看有没有连接词（引导词）。如果用逗号隔开的两个部分都没有连接词的话，一部分是句子时，那么另一部分就一定是非句子，而非句子里的动词就是非谓语动词。4. 定语态：如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的主谓关系，那么答案一般用Ving形式；如果本句的主语（或动词自带的逻辑主语）与它是逻辑上的动宾关系（被动关系），那么答案一般用Ved形式。5. 定时态：如果非谓语的动作比谓语先（或先很久）发生，那么非谓语动词要用完成式（to have done/to have been done/ having done/ Having been done），否则我们要用非谓语的一般式（to do / to be done / doing / being done / done）。Eg. 1._ for an hour by his teacher, the boy felt depressed.A. Being scolded B. Having been scolded C. To be scolded D. Scolding 【1答案：B】五、非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点一) 使用非谓动词的语言结构。1） 在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。2._hard and you will succeed in the exam.3. _hard or you will fail in the exam.A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied 【2、3答案：AA】2） 在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语。4. The teacher devoted his life to his career, _ most of his students successful in study.A. make B. to make C. making D. made 【4答案：C】3） 在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：5. _with children, I know what is needed most.A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 【5答案：B】4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：6. With her baby _ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich mans house.A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping 【6答案：D】7. With his hair _ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut 【7答案：B】5） 在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。8. He made his sister _ by taking away her toy.9. His sister was made _ by his taking away her toy.A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【8、9答案： A B】10. the policeman found the thief _ his hand into an old mans pocket and arrested him.A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put 【10答案：B】二) 非谓语动词考点易错点：1） 表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况：11. _, he fell asleep quickly.A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire 【11答案：C】12. The man won a big prize, _and _.A. surprised ; happy B. surprising ; happy C. surprised ; pleasant D. surprising ; pleased 【12答案：A】13. _ in thought of the problems, the man didnt realize his girlfriends coming in.A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost 【13答案：B】14. The students _ in art can sign in the form and be a member of our school.A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. To interest 【14答案：C】2) 在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题：15. _ a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.A. Worn B. Wear C. Dressed in D. Dressing 【15答案：C】(wear的后面加衣服；dress表示动作时，后面要加人而不加衣；be dressed in是固定搭配，其中的dressed已经演变成形容词，本是其实可以看成是when the girl is dressed in a white skirt省略而来的。)16. _ in a armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.A. Sit B. Sat C. Seating D. Seated 【16答案：D】 （Sit是动词，这里应该用sitting; seat作动词时，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且这个词一般用被动形式表示主动意义。）3） 在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题：17. _ tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D. Looking 【17答案：D】 （look在本题中不是实意动词，而是感观系动词，系动词在非谓语中用主动式表被动。）18. With many problems _ _ , the newly selected president will have a hard time.A. remain; unsettled B. remaining; unsettled C. remained ; unsettling D. remained; unsettling 【18答案：B】（用with开头的部分在这里是一个介词短语，不是句子，因此用非谓语，而remain表示“仍然；仍然是”时是系动词，只能用主动形式；problems与unsettle是动宾关系或被动关系，所以用过去分词unsettled.）19. Having some clothes _, I cannot join you to see the film.A. to wash B. to be washed C. washed D . washing 【19答案： A】（宾语补足语中的动词用非谓语动词；虽然衣服应该是被洗，但是当句子主语与不定式为主谓关系时，我们用主动形式表被动。） 20. _ smooth, this kind of pen sells well in our school.A. To write B. Writing C. being written D. Written 【20答案 ：B】 （20解析：动词如果不是表示动作，而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时，往往用主动形式表示被动。）4）从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题：逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致，有时逻辑主语不一致。逻辑主语不一致时，非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语，这种现象叫做“分词的独立主格结构。”21. _ from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen D. Saw 【21答案：C】21解析：空格处的动词本身没有带主语，那么本句的主语the mountain就要做其逻辑主语，由于the mountain与see是动宾关系，所以我们选用过去分词。22. _, Ill go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 【22答案：C】 A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Times permitting22 解析：permit与I没有主谓关系，也没有动宾关系，permit自带了逻辑主语time(“时间允许的话”)，而time与permit为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词的独立结构。三） 注意的几点：1） 有些分词有时可作分词有时又可作形容词。23. _ enemy, Liu Hunan was very brave. 【23答案C】24. _ with difficulties, we should not give in.【24答案B】A. To face B. Faced C. Facing D. face23、24解析：23题中的face是一个动词，由于与Liu Hunan是逻辑上的主谓关系，我们用现在分词形式，；24题中实际上考查了be faced with这一固定搭配，其中的faced看成形容词。25. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, _ to help solve the crisis.26. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, _ at helping solve the crisis.A. aim B. aiming C. aimed D. to aim 【25选B 26选C】25、26解析：25题考查了动词aim to do sth.(旨在做某事)，；26题考查固定搭配be aimed at doing sth. (旨在做某事)其中的aimed看成形容词27. Though _ money, his parents sent him to a key university.28. Though _ in money, his parents sent him to a key university.29. Though in _ of money, his parents sent him to a key university.A. lack B. lacking C. lacked D. to lack 【27选B、28选B、29选A】27、28、29解析：27题中非谓语动词lacking（与his parents及money分别构成逻辑上的主谓关系和动宾关系）；28题中考查了固定搭配：be lacking in(“缺少”)，其中的lacking 为形容词；29题考查了固定搭配（介宾结构）in lack of(“缺少”)，其中的lack是名词，这其实是由though his parents were in lack of money省略了主语和were而业的2） 作结果状语时，doing与(only)to do的区别。表示结果状语时，现在分词（v+ing）表示意料之中的结果；而不定式（to do/ only to do）表示意料之外的结果：30. His parents were killed in the accident,(thus )_ him an orphan.A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave 【30选B】30解析：他父母出了事故，他变成了孤儿就是意料之中在事情了，用现在分词表结果状语。 31. I hurried to school, only _ that it was Sunday. 【31选D】A. find B. finding C. found D. to find31解析：发现是星期天是我匆忙赶到学校意料之外的结果，说明我忘记了，如果我知道是星期天就不可能还匆忙地赶到学校了。用不定式表意料之外的的结果。3） 作主语时，非谓语动词之to do 与doing 的区别。32. _is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 【32选B】A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk不定式做主语常表示具体的一次性的动作;动句词表示一般的经常性的动作，多次散步才会有利于健康。4） 演变成了介词或连词的分词。英语中有些词表面上看是分词，但实际上已经变成了介词，因此应该用ing形式还是分词ed形式已经变得约定俗成了。这时往往不适用非谓动词规则，而是看英美人士的习惯。33. _her age, she looks quite youngA. Consider B. Considered C. To consider D. Considering33解析：题意是：“就她的年龄而论，她显得十分年轻。”这里的considering表示“考虑到；鉴于”，它已经变成了介词，不管是“考虑还是被考虑”这里都用considering。高中阶段我们还学过的有：介词concerningregardingaccording toincludingowing to关于关于根据；按照包括因为；由于连词givensupposingseeing (that)imagingproviding/provided鉴于假如因为；既然假如假如5） 有些非谓语动词是省略而来的，有些则不是。34. _ by her mother, the girl burst into tears. 【34选B】A. Be scolded B. Scolded C. Scolding D. To scold34解析：scold与the girl是动宾关系，因此用过去分词作原因状语；其实这个句子也是由一个完整的原因状语从句省略来的。原句为：Because the girl was scolded by her mother, the girl burst into tears.当主从复合句的主语一致，且谓语动词里有be 动词时，可以把“连词+主语+be”部分省略。35. _ the tomb for 5 years, he is now called an expert more or less. 【35选B】A. Studying B. Having studied C. Having been studied D. To study35解析：逗号前面部分不是句子省略而来，由于he 与study是逻辑上的主谓关系，加上study在先（有5年了），被 叫做“专家”在后，所以用非谓语动词的主动完成式6） “连词+分词”和“介词+动名词”的区别。36. if _ another hour, I would have finished it better.(give的恰当形式填空)。37. While _ homework, the boy likes listening to light music.(do的恰当形式填空)6、37解析：36.given 是由if I had been given another hour省略来的，if 在省略前省略后都是连词；37.doing 是由while the boy are doing homework省略来的，while在省略前后都是连词38. After _, he found a job as a secretary in a company.(graduate的恰当形式填空)39. Before_ a proper person to be the new president, the old president wouldnt resign.(select的恰当形式填空)38、39解析：38. graduating/graduation after 这时是个介词，所以后面总是用动名词，如果改为after he graduated，那么这个after就变成了连词。39题中的before用法与after 一样，后面加句子时，是连词，后面只加一个动词时，要用动名词形式，并充当介词。所以39填selecting非谓语动词专练1. While watching television, _.A. the doorbell rang B. we heard the doorbell ring C. there was someone knocking at the door D. we heard the doorbell rung2. China is known greatly in terms of its cultural values over the past few years.A. to changeB. having changed C. changing D. to have changed3. Im afraid well have to work extra hours, for there are still some problems _.A. remaining to settle B. remaining to be settledC. remained to talk aboutD. to remain to discuss4. We tried hard, and eventually, we were able to get Mike _ us his car just for a day. A. lending B. lend C. to lend D. lent 5. The local government is trying all out to find out who is _ the forest fire.A. to blame for starting B. to blame to startC. to be blamed for startingD. to be blamed to start6. The railway bridge _ by 2012 will provide a faster route to transport goodsA. to be completed B. is completed C. completed D. being completed 7. All the class except Eddie, who is ill, _ there.A. were expecting going B. is expected to goC. was expecting going D. are expected to go8. The Haiti earthquake at the beginning of 2010 is believed _ more than 100,0130 people and makes millions homeless, _ it perhaps the most destroying earthquake in history.A. to kill; making B. to have killed; making C. having killed; to make D. killing; made9. I only know we will have a League meeting, but I have no idea when _ itA. shall we have B. will we have C. to have D. having10. What are you busy with? The conference_in our city next week, as you know.A. held B. will be held C. be holding D. to be held11. An air France jet is reported _ in the Atlantic Ocean with 228 people aboard，the airlines worst disaster in its 75-year historyA. to have crashed B. to have been crashedC. having crashed D. having been crashed12.Her husband and she are now at work on a new dictionary _ next year.A. to publish B. being publishedC. publishedD. to be published13. The 2010 World Expo _ in Shanghai is expected to attract more than 70 million visitors from home and abroad.A. to hold B. to be held C. heldD. to be holding14. When the telephone rang, I happened_in the kitchen, but when I came over to get it, it rang off.A. to cook B. to have cooked C. to be cooking D. having cooked15. Im wondering why the visitors chose to stay with the host family. _real local life.A. Experiencing B. ExperienceC. To experience D. Having experienced16. Why do you want the radio so much? _ to the news, sir.A. ListeningB. ListensC. ListenedD. To listen17. The government has done everything it can the buried miners.A. to save B. saving C. save D. saved18. _ people have food and water, the government has sent enough supplies to quake-hit Yushu.A. Make sure B. To make sure C. Making sure D. Made sure19. Our teachers often tell us, “the harder you study, the more questions you will think of _.”A. asking B. to ask C. being asked D. to be asked 20. To greatly raise peoples living conditions, _.A. all kinds of measures have takenB. they have taken all kinds of measuresC. it is said that they have taken all kinds of measuresD. I think they have taken all kinds of measures21._ the growing number of patients, the clinic had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week.A. To accommodate B. Accommodating C. Being accommodated D. Accommodated 22. Ted and his friends established a website offering useful information about thunderstorms _ similar accidents happening.A. prevent B. preventingC. to prevent D. prevented23._ more about Participant Service of Expo 2010, Shanghai China, call Hotline [phone]. A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out24. He hurried to the hotel, only _ his girlfriend had left.A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told25. _60 miles a day, you need your mountain bike in a very good state.A. Cover B. Covered C. To cover D. Having covered26. Our monitor, _ it clear to us that he didnt want to waste time playing computer gamesleft the Internet bar quickly.A. made B. having made C. making D. had made27. _ by greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.A. Driven B. Being driven C. To drive D. Having driven28. _ the chapter four times, I finally understood the authors theoryA. Reading B. Having read C. To read D. Read29. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry, with so much work _ my mind, I almost break down.A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled30. The manager, _his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known31. The 82nd Oscars Academy Awards, _ the best in film for 2009, was held on Sunday, March 7, 2010.A. to honorB. honoringC. honoredD. having honored32. The Hotel Al Arab _ the first and only 7-star hotel in the world was designed in the shape of a sail of 321 meters.Awas considered Bconsidering Cbeing considered Dconsidered33. In 1888, a major French newspaper announced the death of Nobel in an article _ “The merchant of death is dead”, which indicated that Nobel was only thought of as one _ from killing.A. read; profitingB. read; to profitC. reading; profited D. reading; profiting34. Nowadays, many people _ about eating habits _ what they believe.A. take choices; base on B. make choices; based onC. do choices; basing on D. have choices; to base on35. China has a population of 1.3 billion, _ it the largest country in the world by population.A. making B. made C. makes D. to make36. _ three times in a row ,the boxer decided to give up