同等学力英语冲刺练习及详解15.doc

2012年同等学力英语冲刺练习及详解（十五）阅读理解After retirement from medical，my wife and I built our home in a gated community surrounded by yacht clubs and golf courses on Hilton Head Island. But when I left for the other side of the island，I was traveling on unpaved roads lined with leaky cottages. The“lifestyle”of many of the native islanders stood in shocking contrast to my comfortable existence.By talking to the local folks，I discovered that the vast majority of the maids，gardeners，waitresses and construction workers who make this island work had little or no access to medical care. It seemed outrageous to me. I wondered why someone didnt do something about that. Then my fathers words，which he had asked his children daily when they were young，rang in my head again：“What did you do for someone today？”Even though my father had died several years before，I guess I still didnt want to disappoint him. So I started working on a solution. The island was full of retired doctors. If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services，we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it. Most of the doctors I approached liked the idea，so long as they could be relicensed without troubles. It took one year and plenty of persistence，but I was able to persuade the state legislators to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.The town donated land，local residents contributed office and medical equipment and some of the potential patients volunteered their weekends ornamenting the building that would become the clinic. We named it volunteers in Medicine and we opened its doors in 1994，fully staffed by retired physicians，nurses and dentists as well as nearly 150 nonprofessional volunteers. That year we had 5000 patient visits；last year we had 16000.Somehow word of what we were doing got around. Soon we were receiving phone calls from retired physicians all over the country，asking for help in starting VIM clinics in their communities. We did the best we couldthere are now 15 other clinics operatingbut we couldnt keep up with the need. Yet last month I think my fathers words found their way up north，to McNeil Consumer Healthcare，the maker of Tylenol（泰诺：一种感冒药）. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.NextPage61.What is the passage mainly about？A. The contrast between the rich and the poor on an island.B. The story of a man who likes to give others advice.C. The life and work of a great father.D. The inspiration of a fathers words.62.The author of the passage is .A. a retired physicianB. a retired teacher C. a retired medical researcherD. a retired construction worker63.The purpose of Volunteers in Medicine is to .A. help retired medical workers improve their incomesB. provide free medical services to those who need themC. urge the government to set up non-profit clinicsD. make the dream of the authors father come true64.Which of the following has been done by the author himself？A. Buying the medical equipment.B. Finding the land and the office.C. Decorating the building that would become the clinic.D. Getting a special license for the retired doctors.65.In the last paragraph，“I think my fathers words found their way up north to McNeil”implies that .A. my fathers words finally reached McNeilB. McNeil decided to do something for the needy peopleC. My father decided to assist us in opening more clinics in the northD. McNeil community was badly in need of free health care programsNextPage答案解析：从医学院退休以后，我和妻子把家建在了希尔顿海德岛上的一个周围都是游艇俱乐部和高尔夫球场的封闭社区内。但是，当我离开那里到岛的另一端时，我走在半修砌的路上，两边是破烂的村舍，岛上许多土著居民的“生活方式”与我舒适的生活形成了鲜明的对比。 通过与当地居民谈话，我发现，这里的绝大多数女佣、园丁、女服务员以及建筑工人等很少或根本享受不到医疗护理，而正是他们使该岛正常运行。我感到非常愤慨。我想知道为什么没有人为此做些什么。于是，我父亲的话又出现在我脑中我们小时候父亲每天都会这样问我们：“今天你为别人做了什么?” 尽管我父亲在几年前就去世了，但是，我想我仍然不想令他失望。所以，我开始致力于寻求一个解决方案。岛上有很多退休的医生，如果我可以说服他们每星期花费几小时自愿提供服务，我们就为那些急需的人们提供免费的基本医疗护理。大多数我所接触的医生都赞同这个主意，只要他们能够不费力地重新获得执照。我用了一年的时间以及不懈的努力，但是，我终于说服了这个州的立法人员为那些在非营利诊所里自愿提供服务的医生颁发了特殊的执照。 镇里捐献了场地，当地居民捐赠了办公室及医疗设备，一些人自愿空出他们周末的时间装修即将成为诊所的房子。我们把它叫做“医疗志愿者”，并于1994年开业，所有人员都是退休的医生、护士和牙医以及近150名非职业志愿者。那年有5000名病人来我们的诊所；去年我们接收了16000名。 不知为什么，我们所做的这些事情传开了。不久，我们接到了来自全国各地退休医生打来的电话，要求我们帮助在他们社区也开办VIM诊所。我们尽最大的努力，现在有15个诊所正在营业中，但我们仍然赶不上需要。不过，上个月，我想我父亲的话在北方发挥了作用，在迈克内尔消费者保健中心泰诺的制造商那里起了作用。迈克内尔的一笔数额较大的赠款将使我们能够回应这些需求，帮助在全国范围的各社区建立其他的免费诊所。NextPage61.【正确答案】D【考点类型】主旨判断【解析过程】文章主要是关于 。A. 岛上穷人和富人的对比B. 喜欢提出建议的一个人的故事C. 一个伟大父亲的工作和生活D. 一个伟大父亲的激励综观全文是说作者在父亲的鼓励下，实现了他父亲也是他本人的愿望。表明选项D是正确答案。其他几个选项都不符合文章主题的含义。【考点提示】主旨题就是把文章中最关键的核心词和作者的态度放到一起，该选项就是正确答案。62.【正确答案】C【考点类型】细节判断【解析过程】文章的作者是 。A. 一名退休的医生B. 一名退休的老师C. 一名退休的医学研究人员D. 一名退休的建筑工人线索：文章的第1段提到“After retirement from medical，my wife and I built our home in a gated community”表明选项C是正确答案。【考点提示】根据题干的线索范围原文寻找答案。63.【正确答案】B【考点类型】细节判断【解析过程】医疗志愿者的目的是 。A. 帮助医疗工人提高他们的收入B. 提供免费的医疗服务给那些需要他们的人C. 督促政府建立非营利的医疗诊所D. 使作者父亲的梦想成真线索：文章的第1段提到“If I could persuade them to spend a few hours a week volunteering their services，we could provide free primary health care to those so desperately in need of it.”表明选项B是正确答案。选项D比较具有迷惑性，该选项不正确的原因是本文主要讨论的是作者帮助别人的愿望和实现该愿望做出的努力。不可能是作者实现他父亲的梦想。【考点提示】根据文章的中心，做题的时候时时刻刻都要想着该文章的中心是什么，这样可以避免做错选项。因为正确选项都是应该和文章中心相吻合。64.【正确答案】D【考点类型】细节判断【解析过程】下面哪件事情是作者本人完成的？A. 购买医疗设备B. 发现用地和办公地点C. 装修会成为诊所的大楼D. 给退休医生颁发特殊的许可证线索：文章的第3段提到“.but I was able to persuade the state legislators to create a special license for doctors volunteering in not-for-profit clinics.”表明选项D是正确答案。A、B、C选项不是作者亲自做的。【考点提示】明确作者做的事情和观点，区分和别人做的事情。65.【正确答案】B【考点类型】句子含义推断【解析过程】最后一段“我想我父亲的话语在北方起了作用”暗含的意思是 。A. 我父亲的话最终到达了迈克内尔 B. 迈克内尔决定为那些贫困的人做一些事情C. 我父亲决定帮助我们开办更多的北部医疗诊所D. 迈克内尔社区非常的需要医疗健康保障线索：文章的第1段提到“I think my fathers words found their way up north，to McNeil Consumer Healthcare，the maker of Tylenol（泰诺：一种感冒药）. A major grant from McNeil will allow us to respond to these requests and help establish other free clinics in communities around the country.”表明选项B是正确答案。【考点提示】混淆选项C错误的原因是一个比较典型的特点，整个选项的内容都基本符合文章，但唯独其中有一个单词“my father”不正确，所以该选项不能选。NextPage阅读理解Passage FiveEven before Historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author，he was famous for his vivid lectures. In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts，he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam. But as Elliss reputation grew-his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prizethe history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war. Last year，after The Boston Globe carried accounts of Elliss experience in the Vietnam war，someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime（揭发）. Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis，famous for explaining the nations history，had some explaining to do about his own past.“Even in the best of lives，mistakes are made.”said a wretched Ellis . It turned out that while the distinguished historian had served in the Army，hed spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point（西点军校）. Hed also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records. His admission shocked colleagues，fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so accomplished would beautify his past. But it seems that success and truthfulness dont always go hand in hand. Even among the distinguished achievers，security experts say，one in ten is deceiving-indulging in everything from empty boasting to more serious offenses such as plagiarism（剽窃），fictionalizing military records，making up false academic certificates or worse. And，oddly，prominent people who beautify the past often do so once theyre famous，says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates，which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod：“Its not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”Then what makes them do it？Psychologists say some people succeed，at least in part，because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others. And no matter how well-known，those people can be haunted by a sense of their own shortcomings.“From outside，these people look anything but fragile，”says Dennis Shulman，a New York psychoanalyst.“But inside，they feel hollow，empty.”NextPage66.Which of the following is true about Ellis？A. He is a famous professor of history at West Point. B. His book on the Vietnam war has won two important prizes.C. He has told both students and reporters about his own experience of war.D. He has written a best-seller for a newspaperThe Boston Globe.67.While Ellis served in the Army，he .A. combated in VietnamB. taught at a military schoolC. exaggerated his part as a historianD. made mistakes in the antiwar movement68.What did Ellis lie about？A. His war experience in Vietnam.B. His athletic records in high school.C. His role in the antiwar movement.D. All of the above.69.What does“to climb the ladder”in the second paragraph mean？A. To become more successful.B. To inquire into ones background.C. To cover ones serious offenses.D. To go further in beautifying ones past.70.According to psychologists，successful people who lie about themselves .A. take pride in their weaknessesB. feel weak in their hearts C. think nothing of others D. look weak to othersNextPage答案解析：在历史学家约瑟夫埃利斯成为畅销书作家之前，他因生动的演讲而闻名。他在马塞诸塞州Mount Holyoke讲课非常受欢迎，通过描述他自己在越南战争中的战斗经历，经常使得课堂上的讨论非常活跃。但是，随着埃利斯的名声的扩大，他关于 开国者 的书同时获得了享有盛誉的国家书籍奖和普利茨奖，历史教授开始向地方和全国的记者报告他的有关于战争的记忆。去年，波士顿环球报 报道了埃利斯在越南战斗中的经历后，一些知道埃利斯真实情况的人揭发了他。上星期，波士顿环球报 透露，埃利斯因解释国家历史而闻名，将必须解释一些关于他自己的过去的事。 “即使在生命最好的时期，人们也会犯错误。”可怜的埃利斯说。已经证实：当著名的历史学家在军队服兵役时，他的战争年代并不是在东南亚的丛林中度过的，而是在西点军校教授历史。他还夸大了他在反战运动中的角色，甚至是他在中学时代的运动记录也被夸大了。他的坦白使他的同事、同伴以及学生感到震惊。他们想知道为什么一个如此有成就的人还要美化他的过去。但是，看上去成功与真相似乎并不总是紧密相连的。安全专家说，即使是在杰出的成功者中，也有1/10的人在欺骗，沉溺于空洞的吹嘘和更严重的犯罪等，比如剽窃、虚构军事记录、制作假学术证书或更糟的行为。“克罗尔会员”的欧内斯特博德说，奇怪的是那些美化过去的人一旦成名后就经常这样做，“克罗尔会员”进行了数千次这样的背景报告。博德说，“他们不像是在利用谎言去爬上阶梯。” 那么，是什么让他们这样做呢？心理学家说，一些人成功了，至少一部分成功了，因为他们只是迎合了其他人的期望。不管怎样出名，他们都会因感到不足而受到困扰。“从外界来看，这些人没什么，只是有些脆弱。”丹尼斯撒尔曼说，他是一名纽约的心理分析学家。“但是，从内心来说，他们感到空洞、空虚。”NextPage66.【正确答案】C【考点类型】细节判断【解析过程】关于埃利斯下面哪句话是对的？A. 他是西点军校一名著名的教授B. 他写的关于越南战争的书获得了两个重要的奖项C. 他已经告诉他的学生和记者关于他越南战争的经历D. 他成为了 波士顿环球报 的一名畅销作者线索：文章的第1段提到“he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam.”和“the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war.”表明选项C是正确答案。选项B和原文的内容“his books on the Founding Fathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize”不符合，属于偷换概念。【考点提示】同学们在做题的时候一定要谨防偷换概念的错误，这种选项特别具有迷惑性。67.【正确答案】B【考点类型】细节判断【解析过程】埃利斯在军队服役的期间，他 。A. 在越南作战B. 在军事学校教书C. 夸大他作为历史学家的作用D. 在反战的运动中犯了错误线索：文章的第2段提到“hed spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point（西点军校）.”表明选项B是正确答案。选项C原文中没有提到。选项A和原文的内容相反。选项D和原文的内容不符合“Hed also overstated his role in the antiwar movement”。【考点提示】根据题干的线索词返回原文寻找答案，对比四个选项判断正确答案。68.【正确答案】D【考点类型】细节判断【解析过程】埃利斯撒谎说了什么？A. 他在越南战争的经历。B. 他在高校的运动员记录。C. 他在反战运动中的角色。D. 上面所有的选项。线索：文章的第1段提到“hed spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia，but teaching history at West Point（西点军校）. Hed also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records.”表明选项D是正确答案。【考点提示】根据题号的顺序返回原文相应的段落，寻找线索词判断答案。69.【正确答案】A【考点类型】句子理解【解析过程】文章第2段“爬梯子”的含义是 。A. 变得更加成功B. 对某个人的背景询问C. 遮盖某个人的严重犯罪D. 进一步美化某人的过去线索：文章的第2段提到“And，oddly，prominent people who beautify the past often do so once theyre famous，says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates，which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod：Its not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”表明选项A是正确答案。【考点提示】根据常识，选项A的可能性比较大。把该选项的内容放到原文中，如果能顺利的读通，就证明该选项是正确答案。70.【正确答案】B【考点类型】细节判断【解析过程】根据心理学家的说法，通过撒谎取得成功的人 。 A. 吹嘘他们的缺点B. 感觉他们自己很脆弱C. 根本不考虑别人D. 看起来非常虚弱线索：文章的第3段提到“And no matter how well-known，those people can be haunted by a sense of their own shortcomings.From outside，these people look anything but fragile，”表明选项B是正确答案。【考点提示】关键理解原文中“nothing but fragile”的理解，表示这些人都非常脆弱。