研究生英语阅读教程unit15市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

Unit Fifteen第1页Contentsn nIntroductionn nText(A)analysisn nSomecommentsonwritingn nText(B)analysisn nFurtherreadingn nExercises第2页Introductionn nTextAarguesnearlyallthesportsarecompetitiveandsportismimicwarfare.n nStartingfromtheliteraryneglect,TextBpointsoutswimmingisnotjustawayofbuildingourphysiques,butalsopromptsself-reflectionsandasenseofelevation.第3页About the authorn nEricArthurBlair,betterknownbyhispennameGeorge Orwell,wasanEnglishauthorandjournalist.第4页n nHewasborninIndia(June25,1903HewasborninIndia(June25,1903January21,1950),toEnglishparentsandJanuary21,1950),toEnglishparentsandwastakentoEnglandasachild.HewaswastakentoEnglandasachild.Hewasbroughtupinanupper-middleclassandbroughtupinanupper-middleclassandeducatedatEtonCollege.educatedatEtonCollege.n nOrwellsreputationrestsnotonlyonhisOrwellsreputationrestsnotonlyonhispoliticalshrewdnessandhissharpsatirespoliticalshrewdnessandhissharpsatiresbutalsoonhismarvelouslyclearstyleandbutalsoonhismarvelouslyclearstyleandonhissuperbessays,whichrankwiththeonhissuperbessays,whichrankwiththebesteverwritten.besteverwritten.第5页The Olympic Spiritn nMoregenerally,thetermOlympicspiritisanoft-referredtobutperhapsvaguely-definedconceptassociatedwiththeOlympicGames.SomemediaequateitwithPierredeCoubertinsstatementthatTheimportantthingisnottowin,buttotakepart,andviewathleteswhotrytheirbestbutfinishlastasepitomisingtheOlympicspirit.第6页n nTheOlympicmottoisHigher,Faster,TheOlympicmottoisHigher,Faster,Stronger.Stronger.n n奥林匹克格言是奥林匹克格言是“更高，更加快，更强更高，更加快，更强”。n nTheOlympicGameshelppromoteabetterTheOlympicGameshelppromoteabetterandmorepeacefulworld.andmorepeacefulworld.n n 奥林匹克运动会有利于实现一个更美好、更安宁奥林匹克运动会有利于实现一个更美好、更安宁世界。世界。第7页n nThemostimportantthingintheGamesisThemostimportantthingintheGamesisnotthetriumphbutthestruggle;nottonotthetriumphbutthestruggle;nottohaveconqueredbuttohavefoughtwell.haveconqueredbuttohavefoughtwell.n n比赛中最主要不是胜利，而是奋斗；不是征服，比赛中最主要不是胜利，而是奋斗；不是征服，而是奋力拼搏。而是奋力拼搏。n nTheathletesmustlearntorespectandtoTheathletesmustlearntorespectandtocooperatewithpeoplefrommanynationscooperatewithpeoplefrommanynationsduringtheGames.duringtheGames.n n 在比赛中，运动员必须学会尊重并与来自许多国在比赛中，运动员必须学会尊重并与来自许多国家人们合作。家人们合作。第8页n nThefiveringsrepresentthecloseunityandfriendlymeetingattheOlympicsbetweenathletesfromfivecontinents.n n五环相连象征着五大洲运动员紧密团结及在奥运会上友好相聚。第9页Text AnalysisTextAThe Sporting Spirit第10页Part I(para.12)n nSportisanunfailingcauseofillwill.第11页Point 1n nNowthatthebriefvisitoftheNowthatthebriefvisitoftheDynamoDynamofootballteamhascometoanend,itisfootballteamhascometoanend,itispossibletosaypubliclythatsportisanpossibletosaypubliclythatsportisanunfailingunfailingcauseofcauseofillwillillwill.n n19451945年苏联年苏联DynamoDynamo足球俱乐部（现在属于乌克足球俱乐部（现在属于乌克兰）访问英国，和英国足球俱乐部踢了四场比赛，兰）访问英国，和英国足球俱乐部踢了四场比赛，乔治乔治 奥威尔就此事为奥威尔就此事为TribuneTribune周刊写了这篇名周刊写了这篇名为为“体育精神体育精神”文章。文章。n nunfailing:nevercomingtoanendunfailing:nevercomingtoanendn nillwill:unfriendlyfeelingillwill:unfriendlyfeeling第12页Point 2n nEventhenewspaperhavebeenunabletoconcealthefactthatatleasttwoofthefourmatchesplayedledtomuchbadfeeling.1)AttheArsenalmatch,aBritishandaRussianplayercametoblowsandthecrowdbooedthereferee.第13页n n英超阿森纳足球俱乐部(seenote3)n nThenicknameofArsenal:theGunners(枪手)第14页n n2)AttheGlasgowmatch,therewasthecontroversy,typicalofournationalisticage,aboutthecompositionoftheArsenalteam.n nTheimplicationisthatsportisboundupwithnationalismn ncomposition:thepartsofwhichsomethingismadeup第15页Point 3n nMeanwhiletheresultoftheDynamostour,insofarasithashadanyresult,willhavebeentocreatefreshanimosityonbothsides.n ninsuchmeasureas,totheextentthatn n(anexampleof)powerful,oftenactivehatred第16页Part II(para.35)n nInternationalsportingcontestsleadtoInternationalsportingcontestsleadtoorgiesofhatredorgiesofhatredbecausespectatorsandbecausespectatorsandnationsbelievethatrunning,jumpingandnationsbelievethatrunning,jumpingandkickingaballaretestsofnationalvirtue.kickingaballaretestsofnationalvirtue.n nQuestions:Questions:n nDoyouagreewiththeauthor?Andwhy?Doyouagreewiththeauthor?Andwhy?n nInyouropinion,whatisthesportingInyouropinion,whatisthesportingspirit?spirit?第17页n norgy:anoccasiononwhichsomeonedoessomethinginanextremeanduncontrolledway极端放肆状态或行为n norgiesofhatred:疯狂仇恨第18页Point 1n nIamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsportcreatesgoodwillbetweenthenations,andthatifonlythecommonpeoplesoftheworldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballorcricket,theywouldhavenoinclinationtomeetonthebattlefield.第19页n ngoodwill:afeelingofwantingtobefriendlyandhelpfultosomeone善意,友好n nshownodesire第20页Point 2n nthe1936Olympicsn nThe1936Olympicswereheldinatense,politicallychargedatmosphere.TheNaziPartyhadrisentopowerin1933,twoyearsafterBerlinwasawardedtheGames.n nAdolfHitlersgovernmentplannedtousetheGamestopromoteNaziideology.第21页n nNearly4,000athletescompetedin129Nearly4,000athletescompetedin129events.Thetrack-and-fieldcompetitionevents.Thetrack-and-fieldcompetitionstarredAmericanstarredAmericanJesseOwensJesseOwens,whowon,whowonthreeindividualthreeindividualgoldmedalsgoldmedalsandafourthandafourthasamemberofthetriumphantU.S.4asamemberofthetriumphantU.S.4100-metrerelayteam.AltogetherOwens100-metrerelayteam.AltogetherOwensandhisteammateswon12menstrack-andhisteammateswon12menstrack-and-fieldgoldmedals;thesuccessofand-fieldgoldmedals;thesuccessofOwensandtheotherOwensandtheotherAfricanAmericanAfricanAmerican athletes,referredtoas“blackauxiliaries”athletes,referredtoas“blackauxiliaries”bytheNazipress,wasconsideredabytheNazipress,wasconsideredaparticularblowtoHitlersAryanideals.particularblowtoHitlersAryanideals.第22页n nJesseOwens,ablackathletefromtheUnitedStates,wasthestarofthe1936OlympicGames.Owens,theTanCyclone,broughthomefourgoldmedals:the100-meterdash,thelongjump(madeanOlympicrecord),the200-metersprintaroundaturn(madeaworldrecord),andpartoftheteamforthe400-meterrelay.第23页Point 3n nYouplaytowin,andthegamehaslittlemeaningunlessyoudoyourutmosttowin.n nTryyourbestton n假如不尽全力去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。第24页Point 4n nAttheinternationallevelsportisfranklymimicwarfare.n n在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。第25页Point 5n nButthesignificantthingisnotthebehavioroftheplayersbuttheattitudeofthespectators,and,behindthespectators,(theattitude)ofthenationswhoworkthemselvesintofuriesovertheseabsurdcontest,and(who)seriouslybelieve-atanyrateforshortperiods-thatrunning,jumpingandkickingaballaretestsofnationalvirtue.(translate)第26页n nworkoneselfinto:getoneselfintoadifferentpositionorstate使自己进入不一样状态n n使他们自己对荒谬比赛产生强烈感情,以致到了如痴如醉程度。n n跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质检验。第27页Point 6n nEverykindofgame,whetheritdemandsgraceofstrength,cancausemuchillwill.第28页n n当我听人们说体育运动可创造国家之间情谊，还说各国民众若在足球场或板球场上交锋，就不愿在战场上残杀时候，我总是惊愕不已。一个人即使不能从详细事例（比如1936年奥林匹克运动会）了解到国际运动比赛会造成疯狂仇恨，也能够从常理中推断出结论。第29页n n现在开展体育运动几乎都是竞争性。参加比赛就现在开展体育运动几乎都是竞争性。参加比赛就是为了取胜。假如不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么是为了取胜。假如不拚命去赢，比赛就没有什么意义了。意义了。在乡间草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，在乡间草坪上，当你随意组成两个队，而且不包括任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯为而且不包括任何地方情绪时，那才可能是单纯为了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量包括到荣誉了娱乐和锻炼而进行比赛。可是一量包括到荣誉问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢问题，一旦你想到你和某一团体会因为你输而丢脸时，那么最横蛮争斗天性便会激发起来。即使脸时，那么最横蛮争斗天性便会激发起来。即使是仅仅参加过学校足球赛人也有这种体会。在国是仅仅参加过学校足球赛人也有这种体会。在国际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。不过际比赛中，体育简直是一场模拟战争。不过,主要主要还不是运动员行为，而是观众态度，以及观众身还不是运动员行为，而是观众态度，以及观众身后各个国家态度。面对着这些荒谬比赛，参赛各后各个国家态度。面对着这些荒谬比赛，参赛各个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信个国家会如痴如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信最少在短期内如此最少在短期内如此跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是对一个民族品德素质检验。对一个民族品德素质检验。第30页Part III(para.69)n nThefiercepassionsforsportareboundupwithnationalism.第31页Point 1n nInEngland,theobsessionwithsportisbadenough,butevenfiercerpassionsarearousedinyoungcountrieswheregamesplayingandnationalismarebothrecentdevelopments.n nobsess:fillsomeonesmindcontinuously第32页Point 2 n nAssoonasstrongfeelingsofrivalryarearoused,thenotionofplayingthegameaccordingtotherulesalwaysvanishes.n nAssoonasfiercepassionsofcompetitionarearoused,thenotionofplayingthegameaccordingtotherulesnolongerexists.第33页Point 3n nInotherwords,sportiswarminustheshooting.n nwithout第34页Point 4n nItismoreusefultoinquirehowandwhythismoderncultofsportarose.n ndevotionto第35页Point 5n nTherecannotbemuchdoubtthatthewholethingisboundupwiththeriseofnationalism-thatis,withthelunaticmodernhabitofidentifyingoneselfwithlargepowerunitsandseeingeverythingintermsofcompetitiveprestige.n niscloselyconnectedwithn nmad第36页n nidentify(oneself)with:beassociatedwith,feelcloseton nseeingeverythingintermsofcompetitiveprestige:perceivingeverythingintheperspectiveofcompetitiveprestige第37页Point 6n nAlso,organizedgamesaremorelikelytoflourishinurbancommunitieswheretheaveragehumanbeinglivesasedentaryoratleastaconfinedlife,anddoesnotgetmuchopportunityforcreativelabor.n ngrow,prospern nsedentary:seenote13第38页Point 7n nBig-scalesportisitself,Ithink,merelyanothereffectofthecausesthathaveproducednationalism.在我看来,大规模体育运动本身，就是那些造成民族主义很多原因所引发另一个结果。第39页Writingn nInMay,theChineseteamscoopedalmostInMay,theChineseteamscoopedalmostallthemedalsatthe49allthemedalsatthe49ththWorldTableWorldTableTennisChampionshipsinYokohama,TennisChampionshipsinYokohama,Japan.WhilesomepeoplearecheeringJapan.Whilesomepeoplearecheeringthevictory,othersseethescoopingasathevictory,othersseethescoopingasabadthing.Walkingawaywithallthebadthing.Walkingawaywithallthemedalshurtstheconfidenceofothermedalshurtstheconfidenceofotherteamsandstuntsthegrowthofthesport,teamsandstuntsthegrowthofthesport,saidaChinesecoach.PleasewriteansaidaChinesecoach.Pleasewriteanessayof300wordstobroodoverChinasessayof300wordstobroodoverChinasdominanceinthissport.dominanceinthissport.第40页Text BReflections on Swimmingn nQuestionsforcomprehensionn n1.Whyisswimmingforgottenbythewritersafterthe19thcentury?n n2.Whatkindoffeelingdoesthewriterderivefromswimmingoutdoorsinthefall?n n3.Howdoesswimmingaffectthehumansenses?第41页n n4.Accordingtothewriter,whatarethedifferencesbetweenswimmingandotheractivitiessuchasrunningorwalking?n n5.WhatdidKellermansayaboutswimming?n n6.Howdoyouunderstandreligiousaspectsinswimming?第42页No.1n nBecauseitistheloneliestamongvarioussportsactivities.Itexcludeshusbandsandwives,lovers,everyoneelseintheworld,indeedeverythingelseexceptforonesthoughts.第43页No.2n nHefeltasiftheentireworldbelongedtohimwhileswimming.Therewasnothingbuthimandthecosmos,together.第44页No.3n nFirst,swimmingdiminishesandalmostFirst,swimmingdiminishesandalmosteliminatesthesenseofsight,oureliminatesthesenseofsight,ourprimarymeansofengagementwiththeprimarymeansofengagementwiththephysicalworld.Second,hearingphysicalworld.Second,hearingundergoessomechangetoo.Whatweundergoessomechangetoo.Whatweheararetheconstantrushofthewaterheararetheconstantrushofthewaterandthesoundsofourownmovementandthesoundsofourownmovementandbreathing.Third,touchbecomesandbreathing.Third,touchbecomesvirtuallymetaphoricalaswepull,push,virtuallymetaphoricalaswepull,push,andotherwisemakeourwaythroughaandotherwisemakeourwaythroughafluidmedium.fluidmedium.第45页No.4n nSwimmingrequiresnotonlyinstructionbutalsoakindofcourage.Formostpeople,itisnotinnate.第46页No.5n nTheexperienceofswimmingisbothsexualandspiritual.Thesensationofwaterflowingoverthebodyisdynamic,erotic,enlivening,andyetitawakens,ateverymoment,ourconsciousnessofthefragilityofourbreath.第47页No.6n nWithitscleaning,purifyingpowers,swimmingcanexpandourmindthroughcontemplation.Buoyancykeepsourspirits,inthereligioussense,up.第48页Further Readingn n1.geneticsn n2.identifiedn n3.powern n4.injuriesn n5.filmsn n6.mathematicaln n7.equipmentn n8.variables第49页E-Cn n想赢得比赛是一个强大动力。不但教练员、管理者，而且想赢得比赛是一个强大动力。不但教练员、管理者，而且运动员都研究过诸如最有效领导模式和赛前压力状态方面运动员都研究过诸如最有效领导模式和赛前压力状态方面问题。心理学家对此看法也不一样。不过部分教授认为民问题。心理学家对此看法也不一样。不过部分教授认为民主式领导会让运动员感到满意，而绝对权威式领导则能带主式领导会让运动员感到满意，而绝对权威式领导则能带来来“结果结果”。许多心理研究表明，女性运动员轻易将失败。许多心理研究表明，女性运动员轻易将失败归咎于本身努力不足或者技能欠佳，而男性运动员则将失归咎于本身努力不足或者技能欠佳，而男性运动员则将失败归咎于运气不好或者对手太强大等外部原因。人们一样败归咎于运气不好或者对手太强大等外部原因。人们一样认为，赛前理想压力度是在过分放松和担心之间，而且还认为，赛前理想压力度是在过分放松和担心之间，而且还要部分取决于运动项目。比如，射箭要想出好成绩，就不要部分取决于运动项目。比如，射箭要想出好成绩，就不需要有打橄榄球赛前那种咄咄逼人气势。而在诸如高尔夫需要有打橄榄球赛前那种咄咄逼人气势。而在诸如高尔夫球、网球、跳水和撑杆跳这些运动中，把握状态和时机则球、网球、跳水和撑杆跳这些运动中，把握状态和时机则非常主要。运动员利用一个通常称作非常主要。运动员利用一个通常称作“映像映像”或或“想象想象”心理方法。这种方法重视赛前在大脑中预演动作要领，做心理方法。这种方法重视赛前在大脑中预演动作要领，做好充分准备，而不但仅是一个咄咄逼人气势。好充分准备，而不但仅是一个咄咄逼人气势。第50页C-En nToparticipateandtowinthatistheOlympicToparticipateandtowinthatistheOlympicspirit.Itfindsexpressionintheweakdaringtospirit.Itfindsexpressionintheweakdaringtodefythestrong,andstrongstrivingforeverdefythestrong,andstrongstrivingforeverbetterperformance.Evenbettertheidealbetterperformance.Evenbettertheidealalwaysluringasportsmanforward.Hewilldoalwaysluringasportsmanforward.Hewilldoeverythinghecanforit,neverrelax,nevergiveeverythinghecanforit,neverrelax,nevergiveup.Itissaidthatnoneofthecompetitioncanup.Itissaidthatnoneofthecompetitioncanavoidbeingdefeatedeventhebestisboundtoavoidbeingdefeatedeventhebestisboundtobesurpassedbysomeonestillstronger.Thisisbesurpassedbysomeonestillstronger.Thisistheruleofsportsthousandsofloserstosetofftheruleofsportsthousandsofloserstosetoffonevictorwhointurnwilleventuallybereplacedonevictorwhointurnwilleventuallybereplacedbysomeoneonthehonorlist.However,bysomeoneonthehonorlist.However,undauntedbytheinevitablefailure,heisalwaysundauntedbytheinevitablefailure,heisalwaysstrivingtodothebesthecan.strivingtodothebesthecan.第51页C-En nWhenthetimecomesandheknowsheWhenthetimecomesandheknowshecant,hewillstepdownhappilytogivecant,hewillstepdownhappilytogiveplacetotheyoungerwinner,awareplacetotheyoungerwinner,awarecontentedlyofthefactthathehasdonecontentedlyofthefactthathehasdonehisbitforthe“evenbetter”recordsofthehisbitforthe“evenbetter”recordsoftheOlympicGames.HewillsayproudlythatOlympicGames.Hewillsayproudlythathehasnotlivedhisyouthinvain.Chanceshehasnotlivedhisyouthinvain.Chancestocompeteforchampionshiparefewandtocompeteforchampionshiparefewandfarbetween.Lifeisshort.Stillshortisthefarbetween.Lifeisshort.Stillshortisthetimeforanathletetryingtowingames.timeforanathletetryingtowingames.NoneotherthananathleticcontestantNoneotherthananathleticcontestantfeelssokeenlyabouttherarityoffeelssokeenlyabouttherarityofopportunityandthefleetingoftime.opportunityandthefleetingoftime.第52页Topics for research and presentationn n1.MyFavoriteSportn n2.GoldMedalTallyn n3.Anti-DopingProgram第53页