英语口译基础教程1.interpretingcourse省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

INTERPRETING 第1页Unit One A General Introduction Todays Main Teaching Content v1.Ageneralintroductiontointerpretingv2.Ageneralintroductiontothiscourseandtherequirementsofthecoursev3.AgeneralintroductiontointerpretingtestsinChina第2页1.Introduction to Interpreting CourseTothinkabout:1)whatistranslation?2)whatisinterpretation?3)whatsthedifferencebetweenthem?(Comparedwithtranslation,whatisthedifficultyininterpreting?)第3页Similarities and dissimilarities between translating and interpreting1)Intermsofmedium&workingenvironment&timelimit:Translation Interpretingwrittenoralfairlyrelaxingonthespothascertaintimelimitsspontaneous第4页2)Intermsof processa.Similarities:inputcomprehensionoutputb.Differences:*Interpreting:receiveinformationdecodememorizeencodeexpression*Translating:inputcomprehension(output)expressionchecking第5页3)Intermsofcriteriaa.Similarities:afaithfulreproductioninnaturalTL.b.Differences:Interpreting:accuracyandfluency Translation:faithfulness,smoothness andgracefulness第6页4)Intermsoftherequirementsoftranslatorsandinterpretersa.Similarities:*Languageskills*Encyclopedicknowledge*Knowledgerelatingtothesubjectmatter*Cross-culturalawareness*Strongsenseofresponsibilityandgoodprofessionalethics第7页b.DissimilaritiesThe Other Basic Requirements for Interpreters (1)Acutehearing(tograspthemeaning)(2)Agoodcommandofidioms,slangandproverbs,aswellasregister&appropriateness.(3)Phoneticcompetence(accent,intonation,stressandrhythms)&publicspeakingskills(4)Outstandingmemoryandnote-takingability(5)psychologicalcompetence:quick-witted,calm,resourceful(avoidpanicandstagefright)第8页 Interpreters knowledge structurev KI=KL+EK+S(P+AP)译员应该掌握知识译员应该掌握知识=双语知识双语知识+百科知识百科知识+技能技能(职业口译技能职业口译技能+艺术表示技能艺术表示技能)KI=KnowledgeRequiredforanInterpreterKL=KnowledgeforlanguageEK=EncyclopedicKnowledgeS（P+AP）=ProfessionalInterpretingSkillsandArtisticPresentationSkills第9页2.An Introduction to Interpreting2.1TheDefinitionofInterpreting Interpreting is where an interpretertakes a spoken message in onelanguageandrepeatsitinanother.第10页v2.2 The Types of Interpreting 1)Intermsofform:consecutiveinterpretation,simultaneousinterpretation,sightinterpretationDifferences 第11页vAtpresent,only10-15%ofinterpretingintheUNandEUandgeneralinternationalconferenceisdoneinCI.InCI,sincetheinterpreterdoesnotstartinterpretinguntiltheoriginalspeakerhasstopped,theinterpreterhastimetoanalyzethemessageasawhole.therefore,ahigherstandardofaccuracy,completenessandlogiccanbeaccomplished.第12页2)Intermsofcontent:导游口译(guideinterpretation)礼仪口译(ceremonyinterpretation)宣传口译(informationinterpretation)会议口译(conferenceinterpretation)谈判口译(negotiationinterpretation)3)Intermsofways:单向口译(one-wayinterpretation)双向口译(two-wayinterpretation)第13页A Brief history of conference interpreting as a modern professionn nThe oldest and youngest profession.Two historical events stimulated the development of the profession.The Paris Peace Conference of 1919;The Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals in 194546.第14页n nThe symbols of the formal establishment of The symbols of the formal establishment of conference interpretation as a profession:conference interpretation as a profession:uuThe first interpreting school was set up in 1950 in The first interpreting school was set up in 1950 in Geneva,Switzerland;Geneva,Switzerland;uuAIIC,the International Association of Conference AIIC,the International Association of Conference Interpreters,was founded on Nov.11,1953 with its Interpreters,was founded on Nov.11,1953 with its Secretariat in Geneva.Secretariat in Geneva.第15页n nInterpreting,as an internationally recognized Interpreting,as an internationally recognized profession,began to take shape only around the profession,began to take shape only around the turn of the twentieth century.turn of the twentieth century.n nChronologically,Consecutive Interpreting(CI)Chronologically,Consecutive Interpreting(CI)antedates Simultaneous Interpreting(SI).The antedates Simultaneous Interpreting(SI).The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was conventionally Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was conventionally cited as consecutive interpreting official debut.cited as consecutive interpreting official debut.n nBetween the two World Wars,consecutive Between the two World Wars,consecutive interpreting had predominant status.interpreting had predominant status.第16页n nThe first attempt to introduce SI was made shortly The first attempt to introduce SI was made shortly before the Second World War.SI was first patented as a before the Second World War.SI was first patented as a technique by IBM in 1926,and its first implementation technique by IBM in 1926,and its first implementation(in whisper form)was at Geneva in a tentative form in(in whisper form)was at Geneva in a tentative form in 1927 and,on a larger scale,in the former USSR in 1928 1927 and,on a larger scale,in the former USSR in 1928 for the Sixth Congress of Comintern.for the Sixth Congress of Comintern.n nHowever,it was during the Nuremberg trials of the However,it was during the Nuremberg trials of the Nazi war criminals,which were conducted in English,Nazi war criminals,which were conducted in English,French,Russian,and German that real full-scale French,Russian,and German that real full-scale simultaneous interpretations was first used.From 1947 simultaneous interpretations was first used.From 1947 onward,simultaneous interpretation had come to stay onward,simultaneous interpretation had come to stay at the United Nations.at the United Nations.第17页n nIn the years after the Second World War,with the establishment of the United Nations(UN),European Union(EU),Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)and many other international organs,there was a growing need for new interpreters to join the ranks of the first generation of highly skilled but untrained conference interpreters.第18页n nIn the headquarters of the EU in Luxembourg and In the headquarters of the EU in Luxembourg and Brussels,most of the meeting rooms are facilitated with Brussels,most of the meeting rooms are facilitated with eleven booths for eleven languages(English,French,eleven booths for eleven languages(English,French,Spanish,Italian,German,Greek,Dutch,Portuguese,Spanish,Italian,German,Greek,Dutch,Portuguese,Finnish,Swedish and Danish).Finnish,Swedish and Danish).n nThe Official languages of the United Nations are the six The Official languages of the United Nations are the six languages that are used in UN meetings,and in which all languages that are used in UN meetings,and in which all official UN documents are written,including:Arabic,official UN documents are written,including:Arabic,Chinese,English,French,Russian,SpanishChinese,English,French,Russian,Spanishn nSeveral training institutions were founded in Europe.Since Several training institutions were founded in Europe.Since then the training institutions for conference interpreter then the training institutions for conference interpreter have sprung all over the world.have sprung all over the world.第19页n nThe earliest establishment of“interpreting officials“in The earliest establishment of“interpreting officials“in China goes as far back as the Zhou Dynasty(1100-770 China goes as far back as the Zhou Dynasty(1100-770 BC).BC).n nAccording to written records,there was an official post According to written records,there was an official post called“called“寄寄寄寄”,“”,“象象象象”,“”,“译译译译”and“”and“象胥首象胥首象胥首象胥首”,“”,“重译重译重译重译”and“”and“舌人舌人舌人舌人”respectively in the eastern,western,”respectively in the eastern,western,southern and northern part of China.These southern and northern part of China.These interpreting officials had,at that time,dual function:interpreting officials had,at that time,dual function:interpreting for internal and external purposes.interpreting for internal and external purposes.n nThe internal purpose referred to the interpreting The internal purpose referred to the interpreting activities between the central imperial government and activities between the central imperial government and the various ethnic nationalities,while the external the various ethnic nationalities,while the external purpose was for communication between the central purpose was for communication between the central imperial government and its neighboring states.imperial government and its neighboring states.第20页n nThe oral form of translation came into being The oral form of translation came into being earlier than the written translation,which appeared earlier than the written translation,which appeared in ancient China in the Spring and Autumn period in ancient China in the Spring and Autumn period(770 476 BC).(770 476 BC).n nHowever,regarding the training of conference However,regarding the training of conference interpreters,China is a relatively newcomer;the interpreters,China is a relatively newcomer;the Peoples Republic of China did not start until the Peoples Republic of China did not start until the late 1970s.late 1970s.n nThe first such programme began in Beijing after The first such programme began in Beijing after China was accepted as working language of the China was accepted as working language of the UN.UN.第21页n nThe profession of conference interpreting was The profession of conference interpreting was formally introduced into China with the formally introduced into China with the establishment of the United Nations Training establishment of the United Nations Training Programme for Interpreters and Translators in Programme for Interpreters and Translators in 1979.1979.n nSet up as a joint project between the UN and the Set up as a joint project between the UN and the Chinese government to train professionals for the Chinese government to train professionals for the United Nations,the programme turned out 98 United Nations,the programme turned out 98 interpreters(out of 217 graduates),many of whom interpreters(out of 217 graduates),many of whom are now working for the UN and other are now working for the UN and other international organisations,some for the Chinese international organisations,some for the Chinese government,and a few as full-time freelances.government,and a few as full-time freelances.第22页n nIn 1994,the UN programme was reconstituted as the In 1994,the UN programme was reconstituted as the Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation of Graduate School of Translation and Interpretation of Beijing Foreign Studies University(“Bei Wai“).Beijing Foreign Studies University(“Bei Wai“).n nIt continues to offer a two-year course of professional It continues to offer a two-year course of professional training in conference interpreting at the MA level,but training in conference interpreting at the MA level,but its graduates(32 in conference interpreting out of 57 to its graduates(32 in conference interpreting out of 57 to date)are now responsible for securing their own date)are now responsible for securing their own employment.employment.n nMost become staff interpreters or officers in Most become staff interpreters or officers in government ministries and agencies,with a minority government ministries and agencies,with a minority taking positions in the private sector;it is still rare for a taking positions in the private sector;it is still rare for a graduate to go freelance.graduate to go freelance.第23页n nTo date,the majority of Chinas professional To date,the majority of Chinas professional interpreters have been trained at Bei Wai,but these interpreters have been trained at Bei Wai,but these make up only a fraction of the large number of make up only a fraction of the large number of practitioners,including government officers and practitioners,including government officers and corporate personnel who perform interpretation duties.corporate personnel who perform interpretation duties.第24页n nNow as we are approaching the 21st century,the Now as we are approaching the 21st century,the globalization of the world economy has become an globalization of the world economy has become an irreversible trend.irreversible trend.uuEconomic activities such as investment,banking,Economic activities such as investment,banking,business and trade are increasing rapidly,the business and trade are increasing rapidly,the transformation of science and technology and the transformation of science and technology and the training of personnel continue apace,and international training of personnel continue apace,and international exchanges in politics,foreign affairs and culture are exchanges in politics,foreign affairs and culture are flourishing.All of these would be impossible without the flourishing.All of these would be impossible without the involvement of interpreters and translators.involvement of interpreters and translators.uu Furthermore,with the implementation of economic Furthermore,with the implementation of economic reform and its opening up policy,China s demand for reform and its opening up policy,China s demand for qualified interpreters and translators has become all the qualified interpreters and translators has become all the more urgent.more urgent.第25页n n当前，国内仅有北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学高级翻当前，国内仅有北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学高级翻译学院，厦门大学、大连外国语学院、广东外语外贸大学译学院，厦门大学、大连外国语学院、广东外语外贸大学等为数不多高校开设有同声传译专业培训班，同时，对外等为数不多高校开设有同声传译专业培训班，同时，对外经济贸易大学也与欧盟联合办起了同声翻译班。不过，同经济贸易大学也与欧盟联合办起了同声翻译班。不过，同声传译人才问题仍不能得到处理，尤其是缺乏具备声传译人才问题仍不能得到处理，尤其是缺乏具备AIICAIIC这这种尖端传译人才。伴随我国加入种尖端传译人才。伴随我国加入WTOWTO，与各国贸易往来愈，与各国贸易往来愈加亲密，各种国际会议日益增多，加上一些新闻媒体在做加亲密，各种国际会议日益增多，加上一些新闻媒体在做与外语相关活动时也时常需要同声传译。这一切表明，同与外语相关活动时也时常需要同声传译。这一切表明，同声传译是一个含有巨大潜力新兴行业。声传译是一个含有巨大潜力新兴行业。第26页n n翻译硕士-概况n n 为了适应我国改革开放和社会主义当代化建设事业发展需要，促进中外交流，培养高层次、应用型翻译专门人才，国务院学位委员会于1月13日第23次会议审议经过设置翻译硕士专业学位（即Master of Translation and Interpreting，简称MTI）。MTI是我国当前19个专业硕士之一n n翻译硕士-培养目标n n MTI教育打破了现行外语教学以学历教育为主、主要培养学术型或研究型人才硕士教育模式，采取以培养实践型和应用型人才为主教育培养模式。n n翻译硕士-发展历史n n ，国务院学位委员会同意了15所MTI试点教学单位。年，又有25所高校成为新增MTI试点教学单位。当前MTI语种已涵盖英、法、日、俄、德、韩等六个语种，不但包含春季入学在职MTI硕士，也包含秋季入学全日制MTI硕士，而且招生对象也扩大到“含有国民教育序列大学本科学历（或本科同等学历）人员。”第27页2.4.3Trainingandaccreditationv1)Interpretingtrainingisnowofferedatmoreinstitutionsandinmoreformatsthaneverbefore.v2)In,interpretingwasmadeacompulsorycourseforallundergraduatesmajoringinEnglish.v3)NewpostgraduateprogramandcoursesinT&Iarebeingofferedatincreasingnumbersofinstitutions.v4)Somegovernmentinstitutionsprovideinternaltrainingfornewstaff.v5)Conferenceinterpretingprogram第28页AboutthisInterpretingCourse3.1 Teaching Aims and ObjectivesvTo familiarize students with different types ofinterpretingwith primary attention given toconsecutiveinterpreting(交传)vTo help students master basic and effectiveinterpretingskillsandtechniquesusedbyprofessional interpreters,such as noting-takingtechniques,publicspeakingskills,etc.第29页To give assignments on-class and off-classtoimprovestudentslisteningability,vacabularyaccumulationandnote-takingability,andyourperformence will be evaluated in class,theresultsofwhichwillhelpgiveyouafinalscore.You need to prepare 2 notebooks for the course(one for notetaking and summerizing and the other for homework)and a pad of papers for notetaki