2023年12月四级真题第一套.docx

2023 年年 12 月月四级考试真题四级考试真题（第一套）（第一套）Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.Suppose you have two options upon graduation:one is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture.You are to make a choice between the two.Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard.A)It was dangerous to live in.B)It was going to be renovated.C)He could no longer pay the rent.D)He had sold it to the royal family.2.A)A strike.C)A forest fire.B)A storm.D)A terrorist attack.Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.3.A)They lost contact with the emergency department.B)They were trapped in an underground elevator.C)They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D)They sent calls for help via a portable radio.4.A)They tried hard to repair the elevator.B)They released the details of the accident.C)They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.D)They provided the miners with food and water.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A)Raise postage rates.B)Improve its services.C)Redesign delivery routes.D)Close some of its post offices.6.A)Shortening business hours.B)Closing offices on holidays.C)Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.D)Computerizing mail sorting processes.7.A)Many post office staff will lose their jobs.B)Many people will begin to complain.C)Taxpayers will be very pleased.D)A lot of controversy will arise.Section B Directions:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions.Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A)He will be kept from promotion.B)He will go through retraining.C)He will be given a warning.D)He will lose part of his pay.9.A)He is always on time.B)He is a trustworthy guy.C)He is an experienced press operator.D)He is on good terms with his workmates.10.A)She is a trade union representative.B)She is in charge of public relations.C)She is a senior manager of the shop.D)She is better at handling such matters.11.A)He is skilled and experienced.B)He is very close to the manager.C)He is always trying to stir up trouble.D)He is always complaining about low wages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Open.B)Selfish.C)Friendly.D)Reserved.13.A)They stay quiet.B)They read a book.C)They talk about the weather.D)They chat with fellow passengers.14.A)She was always treated as a foreigner.B)She was eager to visit an English castle.C)She was never invited to a colleagues home.D)She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.15.A)Houses are much more quiet.B)Houses provide more privacy.C)They want to have more space.D)They want a garden of their own.Section C Directions:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16.A)They dont have much choice of jobs.B)They are likely to get much higher pay.C)They dont have to go through job interviews.D)They will automatically be given hiring priority.17.A)Ask their professors for help.B)Look at school bulletin boards.C)Visit the school careers service.D)Go through campus newspapers.18.A)Helping students find the books and journals they need.B)Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.C)Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.D)Providing students with information about the library.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.A)It tastes better.B)It is easier to grow.C)It may be sold at a higher price.D)It can better survive extreme weathers.20.A)It is healthier than green tea.B)It can grow in drier soil.C)It will replace green tea one day.D)It is immune to various diseases.21.A)It has been well received by many tea drinkers.B)It does not bring the promised health benefits.C)It has made tea farmers life easier.D)It does not have a stable market.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22.A)They need decorations to show their status.B)They prefer unique objects of high quality.C)They decorate their homes themselves.D)They care more about environment.23.A)They were proud of their creations.B)They could only try to create at night.C)They made great contributions to society.D)They focused on the quality of their products.24.A)Make wise choices.B)Identify fake crafts.C)Design handicrafts themselves.D)Learn the importance of creation.25.A)To boost the local economy.B)To attract foreign investments.C)To arouse public interest in crafts.D)To preserve the traditional culture.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section A Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are male and female brains,believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes.A new study (26)that belief,questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study,Tel Aviv University researchers (27)for sex differences throughout the entire human brain.And what did they find?Not much.Rather than offer evidence for (28)brains as male or female,research shows that brains fall into a wide range,with most people falling right in the middle.Daphna Joel,who led the study,said her research found that while there are some genderbased (29),many different types of brain cant always be distinguished by gender.While the average male and average female brains were (30)different,you couldnt tell it by looking at individual brain scans.Only a small (31)of people had all-male or all-female characteristics.Larry Cahill,an American neuroscientist（神经科学家),said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning (32)beliefs about gender and brain function.But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same,(33)of gender.Theres a mountain of evidence (34)the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,he told The Seattle Times.If anything,he said,the study (35)that gender plays a very important role in the braineven when we are not clear exactly how.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。A)abnormal I)regardless B)applied J)searched C)briefly K)similarities D)categorizing L)slightly E)challenges M)suggests F)figure N)tastes G)percentage O)traditional H)proving Section B Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the question by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your wireless Security System?A Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination.So it isnt surprising that youll find plenty of strong opinion about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.B The most likely type of burglary（入室盗窃）by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity,usually involving a broken or some forced entry.According to the FBI,crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2023.The wide majority of the rest were illegal,unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open.The FBI doesnt even track those statistics.C One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether.With wired setups,the fear is that a burglar（入室盗窃）might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable.With a wireless setup,you stick battery-powered sensor up around your home that keeps an eye on windows,doors,motion,and more.If they detect something wrong while the system is armed,theyll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm.That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns-but what about their wireless equivalent,jamming?With the right device tuned to the right frequency,whats to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?D Jamming concerns are nothing new,and theyre not unique to security systems.Any device thats built to receive a wireless signal at a specific can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency.For comparison,lets say you wanted to jam a conversation between two people-all youd need to do is yell in the listeners ear.E Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on-that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling.They will,however,need to know what system they are looking for.If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use,thatd point them in the right direction,thought at that point,we are talking about a highly targeted,semi-sophisticated attack,and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.Its easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.F Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks.SimpliSafe,winner of our Editors Choice distinction,utilizes a special system thats capable of separating incidental RF interference form targeted jamming attacks.When the system thinks its being jammed,itll notify you via push alert（推送警报）.From there,its up to you to sound the alarm manually.G SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming,complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment.After taking appropriate measure to contain the RF interference to our test lab,we tested the attack out for ourselves,and were able to verify that it is possible with the right equipment.However,we also verified that SimpliSafes anti-jamming system words.It caught us in the act,sent an alert to my smartphone,and also listed our RF interference on the systems event log.The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system,or whether or not it detected them.H We like the unique nature of that software.It means that a thief likely wouldnt be able to Google how the system words,then figure out a way around it.Even if they could,SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving,and that it varies slightly form system to system,which means there wouldnt be a universal magic formula for cracking it.Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming.The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site,citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there arent any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.I Jamming attacks are absolutely possible.As said before,with the right equipment and the right know-how,its possible to jam any wireless transmission.But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?J Lets imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system.First,a thief is going to need to target your home,specifically.Then,hes going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup.Presumably,you keep your doors locked at night and while youre away,so the thief will still need to break in.That means defeating the lock somehow,or breaking a window.Hell need to be jamming you at this point,as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm.So,too,would the motion detectors in your home,so the thief will need to continue jamming once hes inside and searching for things to steal.However,hell need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system,the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.K At the end of the day,these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.Theyre also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home,one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exploit lighting at night.No system is impenetrable,and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely.Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit.A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36.It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.37.Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.38.A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm,both inside and outside the house.39.SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks.40.Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.41.It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.42.Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.43.Different measures should be taken to protect ones home f