超详细的状语和状语从句讲解省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

状语和状语从句状语和状语从句状语定义和作用状语定义和作用状语位置和形式状语位置和形式第第1页页状语定义和作用状语定义和作用状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词或整整个句子个句子等句子成份。状语表示地点、等句子成份。状语表示地点、时间、原因、目标、结果、条件、让时间、原因、目标、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。第第2页页状语形式和位置状语形式和位置在全部语法范围中，状语形式最多样，它能够是在全部语法范围中，状语形式最多样，它能够是单词、词组或从句；能够是单词、词组或从句；能够是副词副词（短语）、（短语）、介词介词短语短语、分词分词（短语）、（短语）、动词不定式动词不定式（短语）、（短语）、状状语从句语从句等。等。与其它语法范围相比，状语位置也最灵活，它能与其它语法范围相比，状语位置也最灵活，它能够出现在句首、句中或句末。比如：够出现在句首、句中或句末。比如：Immediately he replied.（句首）（句首）He immediately replied.（句中）（句中）He replied immediately.（句尾）（句尾）第第3页页副词（短语）作状语She is always losing her keys.她总是丢钥匙。John drove too slowly.约翰开车太慢。第第4页页介词短语作状语介词短语作状语Let s go home.The best fish swim near the bottom.好鱼居水底I have lived here for three years.我住这已经3年了。第第5页页分词（短语）作状语分词（短语）作状语She sat there doing nothing.她坐在那里无所事事。（doing逻辑主语是she，它们之间是主动关系）Given better attention,the trees can grow well.假如得到更加好管理，这些树能够长得很好。（given逻辑主语是the trees，它们之间是被动关系）第第6页页为了表示明确时间或条件，有时可在分词为了表示明确时间或条件，有时可在分词前加前加when,while,ifwhen,while,if等连词。比如：等连词。比如：When leaving the airport,she waved again and again to us.当离开机场时候，她向我们频频招手。While waiting for the train,I had a long talk with Jane.在等火车时候，我与珍妮进行了长谈。If translated word by word,the sentence will be meaningless.假如逐字翻译，这个句子就没有意义。第第7页页分词有时也能够有自己分词有时也能够有自己独立逻辑主语独立逻辑主语（即与句子（即与句子主语不一致），这种结构称为独立结构，在很多主语不一致），这种结构称为独立结构，在很多情况下表示情况下表示时间、原因、条件或伴随时间、原因、条件或伴随动作或情况。动作或情况。比如：比如：The holidays being over,they began to get down to do their work again.假期结束了，他们又开始认真地工作。So many people being absent,we decided to put the meeting off.这么多人缺席，我们决定把会议延期。第第8页页【尤其提醒】现在分词表示主动意思，表示动作现在分词表示主动意思，表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动意思，正在进行；过去分词表示被动意思，表示动作完成。表示动作完成。第第9页页动词不定式（短语）作状语动词不定式（短语）作状语She was slow to make up her mind.她迟迟不能下决心。To be honest,I didnt enjoy the party.说实话，我不喜欢这个聚会。We live to serve the people heart and soul.我们活着是为了全心全意为人民服务。第第10页页副词性从句副词性从句-状语从句状语从句状语从句种类状语从句种类对比训练与巩固对比训练与巩固第第11页页1.While I was wondering at this,our schoolmaster took his place.()2.Where there is a will,there is a way.()3.Now that/Since everybody is here,lets begin our meeting.（）4.Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.()5.So clever was he a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.()6.As long as you dont lose heart,youll succeed.()7.Try as he might,he could not find a job.()8.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.()时间时间地点地点原因原因目目结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式状语从句分类状语从句分类第第12页页时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句地点状语从句地点状语从句目状语从句目状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句让步状语从句状语从句有九种，状语从句有九种，时地原因条状补，时地原因条状补，目比结果方让步，目比结果方让步，连词引导各不一样；连词引导各不一样；主句通常前面走，主句通常前面走，连词引导紧随即，连词引导紧随即，从句若在主前头，从句若在主前头，主从之间有个逗主从之间有个逗。第第13页页引导词可分为两部分引导词可分为两部分 when as while before after until(till)since as soon asevery timenext timethe first/last timethe momentthe minuteinstantlyimmediatelydirectly(一一就就)第第14页页1、时间状语从句：、时间状语从句：引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句隶属连词隶属连词有：有：when,while,as,whenever,before,after,since,till,until,as soon as,once等引导。如：等引导。如：第第15页页 When he was still a young man,he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.It has been 15 years since he left.Ill tell him the news as soon as I see him.Once you have got used to it,you will like it.I waited till he had finished his work.第第16页页注意：注意：（1）when,as,while when即可引导即可引导连续性动作连续性动作，又可，又可引导引导短暂性动作短暂性动作。它能够表示主句动。它能够表示主句动作和从句动作同时发生，或从句动作作和从句动作同时发生，或从句动作发生在主句动作之前。如：发生在主句动作之前。如：第第17页页 When I was a boy,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.（同时）（同时）When the lesson was over,we began our writing.（从句动作在前）（从句动作在前）第第18页页 as引导引导连续性动作连续性动作，侧重主句和从，侧重主句和从句动作句动作同时发生同时发生。He hurried home,looking behind as he went.I saw your sister as she was getting on the bus yesterday.He sang as he walked.第第19页页While：指是：指是“在某一时间里在某一时间里”，“在在期间期间”，从句里动作，从句里动作必须是必须是连续性连续性，它也强调主句和从句动作同，它也强调主句和从句动作同时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作对时发生，往往侧重主句和从句动作对比。比。第第20页页如：如：While he was in London,he studied music.While we were watching TV,he was writing a composition.第第21页页 while也可做并列连词，表示对照意也可做并列连词，表示对照意思。如：思。如：He is tall while his brother is short.当当when,as,while表示表示“在在一段一段时间里时间里”，主从句动作同时发生时，主从句动作同时发生时，能够换用。如：能够换用。如：While(When或或As)we were discussing,Mr.Smith came in.第第22页页 （2）假如）假如when和和before引导从句引导从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成位于主句之后，有时不能译成“当当时候时候”和和“在在之前之前”，而要译成，而要译成“就就”、“才才”、“这时这时”等。如：等。如：The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.第第23页页 He almost knocked me down before he saw me.I was walking in the street when I saw him.第第24页页 (3)by the time,each time,every time,immediately,the moment,the instant,the minute,soon after,shortly after都能够作为都能够作为连词，引导连词，引导时间状语时间状语。如：。如：By the time he was fourteen,he had taught himself advanced mathematics.第第25页页 Each time he came,he would call on me.You must show him in immediately he comes.I recognized him the moment I saw him.第第26页页讲练结合讲练结合:1.Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?Yes.I gave it to her _ I saw her.A.whileB.the moment C.suddenlyD.once2.I thought her nice and honest _ I met her.A.first time B.for the first time C.the first timeD.by the first time3._ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report.A.He hardly had B.Had he hardly C.Hardly had heD.Hardly he had B BC CC C第第27页页小结：小结：1一些词，如一些词，如the moment,the minute,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly,hardlywhen,scarcelywhen,no soonerthan等也可引导一个时等也可引导一个时 间状语从句，相当于间状语从句，相当于as soon as意思。意思。I didnt wait a moment,but came immediately you called.2一些含有一些含有time名词短语，如名词短语，如every time,each time,next time,by the time等，以及等，以及the day,the year,the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。The day he returned home,his father was already dead.Next time you come,please bring your composition.3.假如假如hardly或或no sooner或或scarcely置于句首，句子必置于句首，句子必 须用部分倒装结构。须用部分倒装结构。Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.第第28页页(4)till和和until 假如主句谓语动词是连续动词，假如主句谓语动词是连续动词，通惯用必定式主句，表示通惯用必定式主句，表示“直到直到为为止止”。如：。如：I worked till(until)he came back.第第29页页 假如主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，假如主句谓语动词是瞬间动词，则用则用否定式主句否定式主句表示表示“直到直到 才才”。如：。如：I didnt go to bed until(till)he came back.第第30页页放在句首表示强调时普通用放在句首表示强调时普通用 until。如：。如：Until he returns,nothing can be done.第第31页页【小结小结】时间状语从句常由以下连词引导：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，as soon as，until，once。时间状语从句还可由一些名词（the moment,the instant,every time等）和副词（instantly,directly等）连接。比如：Ill telephone you the instant I know.我一知道就马上给你打电话。Every time I catch a cold,my nose runs.每次我感冒都流鼻涕。时间状语时间状语从句从句中用普通现在时表示未来。比如：中用普通现在时表示未来。比如：You will get to know when you grow up.你长大后就会了解。第第32页页1.时间状语从句时间状语从句1.We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the storm started.A.when B.while C.until D.before2.He was about to tell me the secret _ someone patted him on the shoulder.A.as B.until C.whileD.when3.He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it.A.where B.when C.thatD.until4.Did Jack come back early last night?Yes.It was not yet eight oclock _ he arrived home.A.Before B.when C.that D.until5.He was about halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears.A.why B.where C.when D.whileA AD DB BB BC C第第33页页6.The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain,_ the quality of life is probably one of the highest.A.since B.when C.as D.while7._ I accept that he is not perfect,I do actually like the person.A.While B.Since C.Before D.Unless连接词while使用方法小结 1.while引导动作必须是连续性，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：Please dont talk so loud while others are working.2.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。3.while可表示尽管，相当于although。D DA A第第34页页2、原因状语从句：、原因状语从句：通常由连词：通常由连词：because,as,since,now that引导。区分是引导。区分是:because：表示：表示“因为因为”，直接而明确原，直接而明确原 因和理由，语气最强，因和理由，语气最强，why提提 问句子，普通都用问句子，普通都用because 回答。回答。He didnt come because he was ill.第第35页页since：表示：表示“既然既然”，语气比，语气比because弱。弱。Since you are here,you must do it.as：表示：表示“因为因为”语气比语气比because轻，轻，引引 导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。导从句可放主句前也可放主句后。You neednt go with me,as you are busy.As I was afraid,I hid myself.第第36页页now that意思与意思与since相同，表示相同，表示“既然既然”。Now that you are in High School,you will probably spend more in reading.Now that all the guests have arrived,lets have our dinner.第第37页页注意：注意：在强调句中在强调句中强调原因状语从句强调原因状语从句，只能用只能用because引导，不可用引导，不可用as或或 since，如：，如：It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.第第38页页 because能够引导表语从句能够引导表语从句,而而 as,since不能够，这时状语一不能够，这时状语一 般都是般都是it,this,that Its because he is too lazy.第第39页页 for也表示也表示“因为因为”，不过并，不过并列列 连词，它连接不是状语从连词，它连接不是状语从 句，语气比较强。句，语气比较强。It must be morning,for the birds are singing.第第40页页becausesinceasfornow thatconsidering(that)seeing(that)既然既然考虑到鉴于考虑到鉴于鉴于因为既然因为鉴于因为既然因为第第41页页3、地点状语从句：、地点状语从句：通常由连词通常由连词where和和wherever引导。如：引导。如：Go back where you came from.Wherever you go,you must write to your parents.Where there is a will,there is a way.Where there is too much,the poison and waste may do great harm to the things around us.第第42页页4、目状语从句：、目状语从句：通常由通常由so that,in order that,sothat,lest,in case（以防、省得）等（以防、省得）等引导：引导：He got up early in order that he could catch the early bus.She married him so that she might tend and comfort him.I explained again and again in case he should misunderstand me.第第43页页 so that in order that in case（以防、省得）（以防、省得）for fear that(生怕，以免）生怕，以免）lest(以免，省得以免，省得)第第44页页I hid the book lest(=for fear that)he should see it.【尤其提醒】【尤其提醒】由由lest，for fear that引导目标状语从句引导目标状语从句要使用虚拟语气，由要使用虚拟语气，由should动词原形动词原形组成。组成。第第45页页5、结果状语从句：、结果状语从句：由由so that,sothat,suchthat引导：引导：It was very cold,so that the river froze.The book is so written that it gives a quite wrong idea of the facts.There were so many people(=such a lot of people)in the room that we could not get in.He made such an excellent speech that every one admired him.第第46页页6、条件状语从句、条件状语从句:由由 if,unless,as long as(=so long as)(只要只要),in case(that)(假如，万假如，万一一)等引导：等引导：If plastics and rubber are burned,they give off poisonous gases.第第47页页 Unless you work hard,you will fail,You can go out,as long as(so long as)you promise to be back before eleven.第第48页页 In case I forget,please remind me about that.注意：条件状语从句中谓语动词注意：条件状语从句中谓语动词时态不可用未来时，只能用时态不可用未来时，只能用现在时态现在时态或过去时态表示未来时或过去时态表示未来时。第第49页页7、方式状语从句：、方式状语从句：由连词：由连词：as,as if,as though引导：引导：The teacher told the students to do as he did.Leave it as it is.He heard a noise,as if someone was breathing.I saw the man looking about him as if he wished to impress upon his mind everything.第第50页页 as if和和as though意义和使用方法大意义和使用方法大致一样，致一样，引导从句多用虚拟语气引导从句多用虚拟语气，但，但也可用陈说语气。也可用陈说语气。He treats me as if I were his own son.He walked as if he were drunk.第第51页页8、比较状语从句：、比较状语从句：由连词由连词asas,not so(as)as,than等引导：等引导：I hope it was as good as the one you lent me.Actually the ocean floor are almost as irregular as the exposed land area.第第52页页 No one can be more fit for his office than he is.He cant run so fast as she.第第53页页注意：注意：“the+比较级比较级(接从句接从句)，the+比比较较 级级(接主句接主句)，这一句型也归在比，这一句型也归在比 较状语从句内。如：较状语从句内。如：The more you study,the more you know.The harder we work,the happier we feel.第第54页页9、让步状语从句：、让步状语从句：由由though,although,as(即即使尽管使尽管),even if,even though,wh-ever,no matter-wh,whether引导引导.第第55页页whateverwhoeverwhicheverwheneverwhereverhoweverwh-ever第第56页页no matter whono matter whatno matter whichno matter whenno matter whereno matter howno matter wh-第第57页页 Though he is old,yet he is active.Although most of the people agreed,some were not willing to accepted.Proud as the nobles are,he is afraid to see me.We wouldnt lose heart even if we should fail ten times.第第58页页 Whenever(=no matter when)you call on me,you are always welcome.Wherever(no matter where)you work,you can always find time to study.Take the one you like best,whichever(no matter which)it is.第第59页页 No matter what I say or how I say it,he always thinks Im wrong.Whether he comes or not,well discuss the problem this afternoon.第第60页页注意：注意：（1）让步状语从句在句中位置可）让步状语从句在句中位置可放前也可放后，有时还能够插在主放前也可放后，有时还能够插在主句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，句中间，前置时，强调主句内容，后置时强调从句内容。后置时强调从句内容。第第61页页 （2）though与与although同义，使同义，使用方法基本一样，前者通俗，口语用方法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不化；后者较正式，多放于句首，不能与能与but连用，但能够与连用，但能够与yet,still（副（副词）等连用，用来加强语气。词）等连用，用来加强语气。Though(Although)he was tired,yet(still)he went on working.第第62页页（3）as引导让步状语从句时从句部分引导让步状语从句时从句部分 语序要部分倒装。如：语序要部分倒装。如：Young as he is,he can read and write in several foreign language.（表语提前）（表语提前）第第63页页 Child as he was,he had to support the family.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）Surrounded as we were by the enemy,we managed to march forward.（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）（表语名词提前并常省去冠词）第第64页页第第65页页1.We were about to leave_ it began to rain.2.She thought I was talking about her son,_,in fact,I was talking about my son.3.Hardly had I finished my composition _ the bell rang.A.when B.while C.as D.during对比训练对比训练 A AB BA A第第66页页1.Child _ she is,she knows a lot.2.He did the experiment _ he was told.3.The pianos in the other shop will be cheaper,but not _ good.A.during B.as C.so D.though E.both B and C 对比训练对比训练 E EB BB B第第67页页1.He would have a look at the bookstores _ he went to town.2.We decide to finish the work on time,_ happens.3.If we work with a strong will,we overcome any difficulty,_ great it is.4.Ill give the book to _ likes English.A.whenever B.whoever C.whatever D.however对比训练对比训练 A AC CD DB B第第68页页对比训练对比训练 1.It will be years _ we meet again.2.It is ten years _ I came to this town.3.It is ten years ago _ I came to this town4.It is 1986_his first novel came out.A.when B.that C.before D.sinceC CD DB BA第第69页页对比训练对比训练 5 1.Go and get your coat.It is _ you left it.2.You are free to go _ you like.A.there B.where C.wherever D.when B BC C第第70页页1.The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read it.2.The article is written in such easy English _ all of us can read.A.that B.which C.as D.so that 对比训练对比训练 6 C CA A第第71页页对比训练对比训练 7 1.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,no matter _ great it is.2.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,_ great it is.3.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,_ difficulty it is.4.If we work hard,we can overcome any difficulty,no matter _ difficulty it is.A.what B.how C.however D.whateverB BC CD DA A第第72页页第第73页页