英语语法名词和动词省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

语法语法 Grammar 名词 n.第1页（一）概述（一）概述 名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称词，能够说名词是万物之名称。它们能够是：人名字 Li Ming,Tom,Gina地方名称 China,London,England职业称呼 teacher,doctor,worker物品名称 pencil,dictionary,pencil-case行为名称 study,invention 抽象概念 history,grammar 第2页（二）名词分类（二）名词分类专有名词&普通名词可数名词&不可数名词第3页1专有名词专有名词主要指人名、地名及一些类人和事物专有名称。主要指人名、地名及一些类人和事物专有名称。如：如：Mary，Beijing，Americans,English，May,Saturday,EasterGonewiththeWind 2普通名词普通名词 除专有名词外，其它都属于普通名词。如：boy，classroom，book,bag,aunt,family,juice,milk,age,childhood第4页分类：专有名词（）or 普通名词（）？Saturday,tea,Zhanghua,rain,WestLake，enemy,computer,beauty,Mrs.Greenweather,peace,ice-cream,Russians,JourneytotheWest 第5页1.可数名词（countable noun）/C 能够分清个体，以数目来计算，有复数形式。能够分清个体，以数目来计算，有复数形式。能够分清个体，以数目来计算，有复数形式。能够分清个体，以数目来计算，有复数形式。如：如：如：如：book,girl,ruler,room,apple,box,bus,watch,book,girl,ruler,room,apple,box,bus,watch,day,zooday,zoo2.不可数名词（uncountable noun）/U 不能够分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。不能够分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。不能够分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。不能够分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。如如如如:water,milk,coffee,tea,:water,milk,coffee,tea,rice,breadrice,bread,work,study,work,study,lovelove第6页分类：可数名词（）or 不可数名词（）？boy,knife,peace,potato,wind,tomato,hero,music,pleasure,map,radio,technology,desk,egg第7页当然，也有特殊哦！1.既能够当可数名词又能够当不可数名词：既能够当可数名词又能够当不可数名词：可数可数不可数不可数glasspapertimeorangeadvicetiniron玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃玻璃报纸，试卷报纸，试卷纸张纸张次数，时代次数，时代时间时间橙，橘子橙，橘子橙汁，橙色橙汁，橙色劝说劝说;提议提议 通知，公函，消息通知，公函，消息锡锡 罐头罐头铁铁 熨斗熨斗 第8页在汉字是可数，英文却不可数：在汉字是可数，英文却不可数：如：如：money，bread，hair，meat，furniture，rice，news所以，平时所以，平时要多积累哦要多积累哦！第9页可数名词复数形式 1.规则改变：规则改变：普通情况普通情况在词尾加在词尾加-s：deskdesks；daydays；girlgirls 以以s,x,ch,sh结尾词结尾词在词尾加在词尾加-es：bus buses；boxboxes；watchwatches以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾词结尾词变变y为为I再加再加-es：familyfamilies factoryfactories partyparties 以以f或或fe结尾词结尾词变变f或或fe为为v再加再加-es:knifeknives;lifelives;wifewives;halfhalves Important!第10页Lets practice!I.写出以下名词复数形式：1.house _ 2.village _ 3.map _ 4.orange _ 5.bag _ 7.dish _ 8.family _ 9.boy _ 10.monkey _ 11.box _ 12.knife _ 13.class _ 14.factory _ 15.leaf_ 16.dictionary _ 17.watch _housesvillagesmapsorangesbagsdishesfamiliesboysmonkeysboxesknivesclassesfactoriesleavesdictionarieswatches第11页2.不规则改变：不规则改变：1）以）以o结尾加结尾加-es：potatopotatoestomatotomatoesheroheroes NegroNegroes2)字母字母a变变e:manmen,womanwomen,FrenchmanFrenchmen,policeman-policemen3)字母字母oo变变ee:toothteeth,footfeet,goosegeese但：但：GermanGermanshumanhumans第12页4)单复数同形：单复数同形：sheepsheep,deerdeer,fishfishChinese-Chinese,JapaneseJapanesecattlecattle5)其它：其它：childchildren,mousemice,mediummedia,basisbases第13页不一样国籍人复数形式：1）加-s:Australian Australians Russian RussiansItalian Italians Greek GreeksAmerican Americans Indian IndiansCanadian Canadians German Germans2)变变a为为e：Englishman EnglishmenFrenchman Frenchmen3）单复数同形：）单复数同形：Chinese Chinese Japanese JapaneseSwiss Swiss 第14页Exercises!1.match _ 2.man _ 3.German _ 4.tomato _5.policeman _ 6.kilo _ 7.human _ 8.potato _ 9.Chinese _ 10.shelf _11.Japanese _ 12.American_13.life _ 14.tooth _15.wife _ 16.foot _ 17.knife _ 18.sheep _19.half _ 20.key_matchesmenGermanstomatoespolicemenkiloshumanspotatoesChineseshelvesJapaneseAmericanslivesteethwivesfeetknivessheephalveskeys第15页3.3.3.3.合成名词复数形式：合成名词复数形式：合成名词复数形式：合成名词复数形式：有有主体时，主体变为复数主体变为复数 father-in-law fatherfather-in-law fathers s-in-law(-in-law(岳父，公公）岳父，公公）岳父，公公）岳父，公公）无无主体时，结尾加结尾加“s s”grown-up grown-up grown-up grown-ups s（成年人）（成年人）（成年人）（成年人）go-between go-betweengo-between go-betweens s（媒介者媒介者媒介者媒介者;中间人）中间人）中间人）中间人）假如其中有假如其中有manman或者或者womanwoman，则两个都要变复数，则两个都要变复数 woman doctor womwoman doctor wome en doctorn doctors s man doctor m man doctor me en doctorn doctors s第16页Can you try?把以下名词变复数形式：looker-on woman singer sister-in-law man cookpasser-by housewifebride-to-be woman doctorschoolroomlookers-onwomen singerssisters-in-lawmen cookspassers-byhousewivesbrides-to-bewomen doctorsschoolrooms第17页名词 n.Period 2第18页1、orange_ 2、class_ 3、text _ 4、monkey_ 5、piano_ 6、child_ 7、shelf _ 8、bed_ 9、country_ 10、family_ 11、toy _ 12、foot _ 13、Japanese_14、radio_ 15、photo_ 16.army_ 17.cattle_ 18.Australian_Brainstorm!orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianoschildrenshelvesbedscountriesfamiliestoysfeetJapaneseradiosphotosarmiescattleAustralians第19页Lets learn more!第20页不可数名词量表示：不可数名词量表示：能够加上一个表示数量修饰词来表示它数量能够加上一个表示数量修饰词来表示它数量能够加上一个表示数量修饰词来表示它数量能够加上一个表示数量修饰词来表示它数量,如如如如:apieceof,acupof,abagof,aglassof,akiloof一张纸一张纸apieceofpaper三张纸三张纸threepiecesofpaper一包大米一包大米abagofrice十包大米十包大米tenbagsofrice*可数名词也能够这么表示量可数名词也能够这么表示量可数名词也能够这么表示量可数名词也能够这么表示量,但要用复数形式：但要用复数形式：但要用复数形式：但要用复数形式：aboxofbooksfivebagsofapplestenkilosoforanges也就是短语里面可数名词可数名词要变复数都变复数哦！第21页惯用量词总结a glass of 一玻璃杯 a cup of 一杯a bottle of 一瓶 a bag of 一包，一袋a box of 一盒；一箱 a piece of 一张(一片,块)a kilo of 一千克；一千克a basket of 一篮 a pair of 一对，一双，一副a group of 一群，一队，一组第22页Lets try!1、三杯水 2、五杯茶 3、一千克米4、二十箱书5、三篮子蔬菜 6、八双鞋子7、十杯牛奶 8、五块肉 9、一副眼镜 three glasses of waterfive cups of teaa kilo of ricetwenty boxes of booksthree baskets of vegetableseight pairs of shoesten glasses of milkfive pieces of meata pair of glasses第23页名词全部格：名词全部格：1)1)普通情况加普通情况加普通情况加普通情况加-s-s：childrenchildrenssbooksbooks儿童图书儿童图书儿童图书儿童图书todaytodaysspaperpaper今天报纸今天报纸今天报纸今天报纸(2)(2)带词尾带词尾带词尾带词尾-s-s复数名词只加复数名词只加复数名词只加复数名词只加()()：girlsgirls schoolschool女子学校女子学校女子学校女子学校 theSmithstheSmiths carcar史密斯家小汽车史密斯家小汽车史密斯家小汽车史密斯家小汽车（3 3）注意以下情况：）注意以下情况：）注意以下情况：）注意以下情况：TomTomssandJimandJimssroomrooms s 汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆(各自各自各自各自)房间房间房间房间TomandJimTomandJimssroomroom汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆汤姆和吉姆(共同共同共同共同)房间房间房间房间第24页一一.用名词全部格填空：用名词全部格填空：1.Theyaregoingtotheir_home.(grandparents)2.The_shoesarebehindthedoor.(boy)3.Thisshopsells_clothesonly.(men)4.Thosearemy_cars.(friends)5.Wearecleaningthe_stables.(horses)Exercisesgrandparentsboys/boysmensfriendshorses第25页6.Doyouknowwherethis_handbagis?(lady)7.Manyofmy_houseswererobbed.(neighbors)8.The_uniformsarered.(player)9.Thesearethe_toys.(children)ladysneighborsplayerschildrens第26页1._roomisnexttotheirparents.1._roomisnexttotheirparents.A.KatesandJoansB.KatesandJoanA.KatesandJoansB.KatesandJoanC.KateandJoansD.KateandJoanC.KateandJoansD.KateandJoan2.June1is_.2.June1is_.A.childrensdayB.childrensDayA.childrensdayB.childrensDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrensdayC.ChildrensDayD.Childrensday3.-Whoseroomisthis?-Its_.3.-Whoseroomisthis?-Its_.A.LiMingB.LiMingsA.LiMingB.LiMingsC.LiMingsD.LiMingsC.LiMingsD.LiMings4.Thewomanoverthereis_mother.4.Thewomanoverthereis_mother.A.JuliaandShelleysB.JuliasandShelleysA.JuliaandShelleysB.JuliasandShelleysC.JuliaandShelleyD.JuliasandShelleyC.JuliaandShelleyD.JuliasandShelley 二.选择填空：第27页+English is spoken by many people in the world.主语主语主语主语+This is a pencil-box.表语表语表语表语+I like English,but I like Chinese better.宾语宾语宾语宾语+Our English teacher is drinking water.定语定语定语定语+Mr.Black,our teacher,is from England.同位语同位语同位语同位语+I am going to see a film this evening.状语状语状语状语+Miss Wang is considered a good teacher.补语补语补语补语主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语，状语，补语主语，表语，宾语，定语，同位语，状语，补语名词功效名词功效第28页Exercises P331.主语2.表语3.状语4.同位语5.宾语6.6.定语定语7.7.补语补语第29页Review：一一.变复数变复数：1.Chinese _ 2.shelf _ 3.Russian _ 4.American_ 5.life _ 6.tooth _7.deer _ 8.piano_9.mouse_ 10.goose_11.hero_ 12.Swiss_ChineseshelvesRussiansAmericanslivesteethdeerpianosmicegeeseheroesSwiss第30页一玻璃杯一茶杯一瓶一包，一袋一盒；一箱一张(一片,块)一千克；一千克一篮子一对，一双，一副一群，一队，一组a glass of二、惯用量词总结a cup ofa bottle ofa bag ofa box ofa piece ofa kilo ofa basket ofa pair ofa group of第31页1.TodayisSeptember10th.Its_Day.A.TeacherB.TeachersC.TeachersD.Teacher2.Thisis_ball.Itsnot_.A.theboys,girlsB.theboys,thegirlsC.theboy,thegirlD.boys,girls3.Thisyear,_isonMay9th.A.mymothersbrithdayB.mymothersbrithdayC.mymothersbrithdayD.mymotherssbrithday4.Theseare_books.LiLinboughtsomeattheSunBookstoreandJillboughtsomeattheBlueSkyBookstore.A.LiLinsandJillB.LiLinandJillsC.LiLinsandJillD.LiLinsandJills 三、名词全部格三、名词全部格第32页动词动词v.语法 Grammar第33页动词基本形式动词基本形式1.动词原形2.第三人称单数3.现在分词4.过去式和过去分词Important！第35页第三人称单数:1 1在动词原形后加在动词原形后加-s-s runruns runruns 2以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾动词后加-es teachteachesteachteacheswashwasheswashwashesgogoes gogoes passpasses passpasses 3以辅音字母+y结尾动词，先将y变为i，再加-es trytries trytries fly fliesfly flies第36页过去式与过去分词（规则改变）1.在动词原形后加-ed;词尾有e加-d.work-workedwork-workedlike-likedlike-liked2.以辅音字母+y结尾动词，先将y变为i再加-ed carry-carriedcarry-carriedstudy-studiedstudy-studied3以重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾动词，先双写再加-ed stop-stoppedstop-stoppedrob-robbedrob-robbed第37页Exercises按要求写出动词形式:1.wash2.match3.stop4.make5.read6.play7.watch8.guess第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词原形原形washeswashing washedwashedmatchesmatching matched matchedstopsstoppingstoppedstoppedmakesmakingmademadereadsreadingreadreadplaysplayingplayedplayedwatches watching watched watchedguessesguessing guessedguessed第38页 9.study10.finish11.go12.snow13.carry14.teach15.do16.say原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词studiesstudied studiedstudyingfinishes finishing finished finishedgoesgoingwentgonesnows snowing snowed snowedcarries carrying carriedcarriedteaches teachingtaughttaughtdoesdoingdiddonesayssayingsaidsaid第39页动词Period 2&3第40页Letsreviewwhatwelearnedyesterday!第41页 e原形原形第三人称单数第三人称单数现在分词现在分词过去式过去式过去分词过去分词destroysdestroyeddestroyingcatchescatchingcaughtcaughtdancesdancingdanceddancedworriesworryingworriedworriedgetsgettinggotgotwashes washing washedwashedsingssingingsangsungcomescoming camecomedestroyed第42页动词时态普通现在时普通现在时普通过去时普通过去时普通未来时普通未来时现在完成时现在完成时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去未来时过去完成时第43页1、普通现在时标志词：every时间状语（如时间状语（如everyday）,onSundays,attheweekend,often,always,sometimes,usually，没标志没标志等。如：She does her homework every day.My father usually goes to work by bus.2、普通过去时标志词：yesterday;“in+过去年、月份过去年、月份”，last短语；短语；ago短语；短语；justnow,once(从前从前)。如：I went to see a film yesterday.She worked in that factory last year.第44页用适当动词形式填空：Exercises 1.There_atelephonecallforyoujustnow.(be)2.Peopleusually_(eat)dinnerintheevening.3.Hissisteralways_(go)toschoolat7:00a.m.4.TomandMary_(come)toChinalastmonth.5.JennyandDannysometimes_(play)gamesintheafternoon.6.Mike_(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.waseatgoescameplaydidntgo第45页7.Mymother_(notdo)houseworkyesterday.8.She_(notvisit)heraunttwodaysago.9.There_(be)noonehereamomentago.10.LinTao_(like)hisnewsweater.11.There_(benot)anyhospitalsinmyhometown(故乡故乡)in1940.12.Where_you_(have)luncheveryday?didntdodidntvisitwaslikeswerentdohave第46页3、普通未来时标志词：tomorrow(morning);next时间状语；时间状语；soon;“in+一段时间一段时间”；“in+未明年、月份未明年、月份”；beforelongMary will go shopping tomorrow.Jane is going to travel abroad in two days.4、现在进行时标志词：now;thesedays;look(at);listen(to)等等Look!The cat is chasing the mouse.My sister is doing her homework now.第47页Exercises!1.He _(come)back in a week.2.She_(be)a conductor of a train soon.3.Listen!She _(sing)in the classroom.4.Li Ming _(be)ten years old next year.5.Look!The boy over there _(play)a model plane.6.China _(become)a modern and strong country before long.willcomewillbeissingingwillbeisplayingwillbecome第48页7.We often_(buy)books and things like that in the shop.8.I _（leave）in a minute.I _（finish）all my work before I _（leave）.9.-What are you doing?-I_(do)my homework.10.The day after tomorrow they _(watch)a volleyball match.11.They _(hold)a birthday party this Sunday.12._you _(work)hard from now on?buywillleavewillfinishleaveamdoingwillwatchwillholdWillwork第49页5、现在完成时标志词：already;yet;just;ever;never;“for+一段时间一段时间”，“since短语或从句短语或从句”等I have already spent all of my money.We have seen that film before.第50页Exercises!1.Ialready(see)thefilm.I_(see)itlastweek.2.he(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.3.you(be)toHongKong?Yes,I_(be)theretwice.4.Myfatherjust(come)backfromwork.Heistirednow.5.WheresLiMing?He(go)totheteachersoffice.haveseenHasfinishedHavebeenhavebeenhascomehasgonesaw第51页6.I(work)heresinceI(move)herein1999.7.SofarI(make)quiteafewfriendshere.8.HowlongtheWangs(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.haveworkedmovedhavemadehavestayed第52页Remember?What have we learned?Lets review again!第53页Exercises 用动词适当形式填空：用动词适当形式填空：1.Tom_(notlisten)totheradioeverymorning.2.I_(come)toseeyouagainbeforelong.3._youruncle_(have)ameetinglastFriday?4.Howmanyclasses_you_(have)everyday?5.Itssevenintheevening,Tomsfamily_(watch)TV.6.Listen!Who_（sing）inthenextroom?doesntlistenwillcomeDidhavedohavearewatchingissinging第54页7.Dontmakeanoise.Grandma_（sleep）8.Sometimeshe_（help）hismotherwiththehousework.9.We_(have)ameetingatthattime.10.Tom_(nothave)breakfastyesterdaymorning.11.MrWang_(teach)usmathssince199012._yourfather_(go)toworkbybikeeveryday?issleepinghelpswerehavingdidnthavehastaughtDoesgo第55页1.DontturnoffthelightI_areportnow.A.havebeenreadingB.readC.amreadingD.haveread2.John_thefirstpartyinhislifetomorrownight.A.isgivenB.isgivingC.hasgivenD.hasbeengiving3.Myuncle_toseeme.Hellbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.cameExercises 第56页4.Ithinkshe_rightnow.A.readingB.readsC.isreadingD.read5.Beforelong,he_allaboutthematter.A.willhaveforgottenB.willforgetC.forgetsD.forgot6.He_amodelplanewhenIcametoseehim.A.makesB.ismakingC.wasmakingD.made7.Look!Theboystudentsare_footballwhilethegirlsare_.A.playingdanceB.playingdancingB.C.playdancingD.playdance第57页长长长长元元元元音音音音/i:/i:/:/:/:/:/:/:/u:/u:/短短短短元元元元音音音音/e/e/双双双双元元元元音音音音/e/e/a/a/a/a/e/e/英英语语国国际际音音标标表（表（48个）个）元音（元音（20个）个）Review第58页清辅音清辅音清辅音清辅音/p/p/t/t/k/k/f/f/s/s/浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音/b/b/d/d/g/g/v/v/z/z/清辅音清辅音清辅音清辅音/ts/ts/t/t/tr/tr/浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音浊辅音/dz/dz/d/d/dr/dr/鼻音鼻音鼻音鼻音/m/m/n/n/其它辅音/j/j/w/w/h/h/r/r/l/l/辅音（辅音（28个）个）第59页