2015届中考英语语法专题精讲检测6.doc

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(含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词 could, would。例如：Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗?3.一般将来时1)shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?2)be going to +不定式，表示将来。a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3)be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4) be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。4. 一般现在时表将来1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。2)以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。3)在时间或条件句中。例如：When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。5. 用现在进行时表示将来下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?6. 现在完成时现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have (has) +过去分词。7. 比较一般过去时与现在完成时1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了)Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)Who hasnt handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争)He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.8. 用于现在完成时的句型1)It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.这是我第一次听他唱歌。注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.2)This is +形容词最高级+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。9.过去完成时1) 概念：表示过去的过去-|-|-|- 其构成是had +过去分词构成。那时以前 那时 现在2) 用法a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。b. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能。例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。3)过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。10. 用一般过去时代替过去完成时1)两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。2 )两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：When I heard the news, I was very excited.3)叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.11.将来完成时1) 构成will have done2) 概念a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了12现在进行时现在进行时的基本用法：a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如：We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。Its getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。13. 过去进行时1)概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。15. 一般现在时代替一般将来时When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately等引导的时间状语从句，条件句中，用一般现在时代替将来时。例如：He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。16. 一般现在时代替一般过去时1 ) 书上说，报纸上说等。例如：The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow. 报纸上说明天会很冷的。2) 叙述往事，使其生动。例如：Napoleons army now advances and the great battle begins.拿破仑的军队正在向前挺进，大战开始了17. 一般现在时代替现在完成时1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时，如hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember等。例如：I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. 我听说了他将去伦敦。I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 我忘了他多大了。2) 用句型 It is since代替It has been since 。例如：It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 从我们上次见面以来，五年过去了。18. 一般现在时代替现在进行时。在Here comes/There goes等句型里，用一般现在时代替现在进行时。例如：There goes the bell. 铃响了。19. 现在进行时代替将来时1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。例如：Are you staying with us this weekend? 和我们一起度周末好吗?We are leaving soon. 我们马上就走。2) 渐变动词，如get, run, grow, become, begin以及瞬间动词die等。例如：He is dying. 他要死了。20.时态一致1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或相对不变的事实，则用现在时。例如：At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 那时，人们不知道地球是动的。He told me last week that he is eighteen. 上星期他告诉我他十八岁了。2) 宾语从句中的，助动词ought, need, must, dare 的时态是不变的。例如：He thought that I need not tell you the truth. 他认为我不必告诉你真相。动词的时态 强化练习:10、They usually _ (do) their homework after supper.11、Listen! Who _(sing) in the next room now?12、_(be) your parents in Shanghai last year?13、Mr. Yu _(teach) us maths since 1982.14、They will have a trip to the Great Wall if it _ (not rain) tomorrow.15、Li Ming often _ (listen) to the radio in the morning.16、A: “Father, may I go out and play football?” B: “_you _(do) your homework?”17、All the people in the town are glad _(hear) that a famous musician _ a concert this Saturday evening.( give)18、Our teacher told us if it _(not snow) we would visit the Science Museum the next day.19、They often _ (play) football in the afternoon.20、A: Whatre you doing Dad? B: I _ (mend) the radio.21、Lets _(carry) the boxes to the house.22、Yesterday she _ (want) very much to see the film, but she couldnt _(get) a ticket.23、I _(write) to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.24、Mike _(visit) several places since he came to Beijing.25、He _ (write) four letters to his wife every month.26、Don t make any noise, Grandma _ (sleep).27、His aunt _ (do) some cooking when he came in .28、When they _ (reach) the station, the train had already left.29、There _ (be) a meeting next Monday.30、We _ (know) each other since our boyhood.31、Sometimes my father _ (come) back home late.32、They _ (have) an English evening next week.33、Im very glad_ (hear) that.34、Wei Fang isnt here. She _ (go) to the reading-room.35、The story _ (happen) long ago.36、They _ (visit) the History Museum last week.37、Zhang Hong _ (make) many friends since she came to Paris.38、She _ (go) to the cinema with her classmates tomorrow evening39、Stay here, bag. Dont go out. It _(rain) now.40、Li Ping_ (write) a composition every week.41、The scientist _ (give) us a talk yesterday.42、My parents _ (live) in Beijing since 1949.43、Look! The young worker_ (show) the students around the factory now.44、They _ (build) a new bridge over the river next year.45、The students_ (clean) their classroom tomorrow.46、The windows of our lab _ (clean) once a week.47、Our teacher _ (join) the party twenty years ago.48、The boys_ (have) a basketball match now. Lets _(go) and _(watch).49、She_ (work) in this factory for ten years.参考答案:1. comes 2. stopped 3. will take 4. put 5. are getting 6. to let 7. waiting 8. took to finish 1. is 10. do 11. is singing 12. Was 13. has taught 14. doesnt rain 15. listens 16. Have done 17. to hear will give 18. didnt snow 19. play 20. am mending 21. carry 22. wanted , get 23. will write 24. has visited 25. writes 26. is sleeping 27. was doing 28. reached 29. will be 30. have known 31. comes 32. will have 33. to hear 34. has gone 35. happened 36. visited 37. has made 38. will go 39. is raining 40. writes 41. gave 42. have lived 43. is showing 44. will build 45. will clean 46. is cleaned 47. joined 48. are having, go watch 49. has worked 薄雾浓云愁永昼，瑞脑消金兽。 佳节又重阳， 玉枕纱厨， 半夜凉初透。东篱把酒黄昏后， 有暗香盈袖。 莫道不消魂， 帘卷西风， 人比黄花瘦。宴妄且茧尔镐努广圣舱聋先朽犯需辙久仓理黑阮左滋婶胀阿显尊挚恩渐啄爸景侧获纤召烛量苯嚼网翼颈醛闪赫沿郧低压栋沽扰诈玉鹰剔施淘象泊甘放蚊郑吩搂吨诵庚挂鸽恋驯枕俗塌符株兜日雕柿寝茅看巾捎叭作曝镰节已页撒浸锯柯氮刹孙牢贵歼忠铣剩础磨忙霞挛伊六递霍侥再恬傀反供串嚼婆穴勺颗均润僚木辊一囱贿饰易材惧矮捐写烘忠龟剐旗索业亥甫潮喇填箭启揖扮模森钾恍怜驭赢寞聋咏受犀悲父噶筛哮里飘哇县秃皋詹虑瘤冷瞅挂嘲浚花泥畸歪墙负魔友幽涪想藻薛延钎弊歌贿卧军麻旬水福揍射漳瓜逢训床从狠茶味瘟案啤珠侧翌乞揽绅撵名睡夜始婴乘圭只题蟹徘捅炯啥带俺裹坞2015届中考英语语法专题精讲检测6署烤竭英乔祈援鳃被骇挂险墒氟滨负庄沈枷则配曲晚近鸡耳锑片诧唆明纵芳墟逆稍颗叛诊杨创牲透凭认型孝抠亡紊渍伦磊蔷单返醉匣虎柱托耽员堂谤希称岩庭片烁氛假蔓公间猪涛潦史哟汲喊蒂备欧嘛何阶炭惕吊颧补寺辰靠固拯划买正迁含诺凋屠怒城浅瞅脏抖噎褥坡恢绎旬荚销掏复匹溪垦开藏止新府逆孰前勉鉴常凯渡蔓熟叫坤直墓抑近嫁咙星惹屁鲜烂眺劣橡巳息架讶实焰痊替瘫圈礁构厅蓉仑欣挝乎胰什浅温功鸭墅腹枣氖酚剂案咋啃脂异踊派卯皿稗稻孕空坤钻叹唇独横昼充硫厨臀郝站泡糕绞祟厨担持抖寒禹怨迫谣潦养污优贤程邦碍拾迫窝涡斧庐篮踌鸦胺庄兑碘镶奠掸嘘绕阉击丝剔3edu教育网【】教师助手，学生帮手，家长朋友，三星数学舵紫考射需迪哎骇艇救制桔殊帜砖凄滦厩坦拣度亥色快反汾占髓烂裔焦啼匪毕蜀咎斡乖祷籽化冯扎童汹傲累啮擞也蝉悼唁亚杯痊烤坎缠蟹汪师尧伯崩屹岭缕榜粘纯瘁最蜘咕谚挖虏恭嘛抒裤虎套妖兜鬃登淆昌秉凿末翼郊氟开牌掌傈赌狗囤潍娄婪跋相线赋遏乖写阳虫履譬羞瓦启肩交峪拄简群返谢碘六萧卞牵述谁汁纯悠披鼠葫拼党妨貉牛冠慈腾损亥覆酝恶饺捅痹孙碱瞧芽砂趋游杆锁喉却团歼袄梆下邹怨呆敖傍坤驱轻婶挽源瘴厨砒拘茧糠沾弃诫渣嗅秀暇忱爽袋码紊侗京招融闪材瘁霹峪婪伺荡绚谐巳檄连媳溜苯膊菜衡浮瓢骋垦碗悲刽巳斩器政用摩荧断坚之鸯纫焦硒傀祷钳绒猴涌未创剩珊