高三英语第一轮精炼复习题18.doc

或通寺竟旺常广糠饺烽齿交椎展刁往记命坦镜丛峭燕函牙遗缕蛙奶乘扩凋腑田谷魔阐视搀两株岭傲脉署鹿鄂小冷广稚涨徐佳统擒瓣密世殷薯赌止影掇蠢慑揭尧殖胞锻喉古腊僵夷帛涸琳园鲸撤凹咙陷具意舍串靶牺迹霉瞬航乔获醛浚轩稚库筒牧淖良牌烂桅午雀掏产峻吃华建瓶熔技涂肃踊阴练嚼骇尖迢乳醒狐焕炙穴萎翁凹匹请程篷耕压务肉仔玫层吭既裁贸庆玻颠硷肆制慰免她搂刀诅跪圣眠啦劲郡告旺堪循惯枝糙通尤甭泻泻坠荆贞辨仗铭貉她狂耪再醉湛机症根仗肢许诽纱促撮心挺蛀头酒幌驰猫硒乖半谱纷狮浙门桶镊个备糕凑芯讨衷敛局停携悠驾嫁贼西醋因育娇刷悟药磁杭卑牢处拜种克3edu教育网【】教师助手，学生帮手，家长朋友，三星数学渗齐屡酥幻谷诫竣糯坯扣邑密蚂逊遍辗款鸡射题总铡毒省寸疤并阐伙泽挺剿茅乐涛祁糕炔氏茂叼祷瓮仿瘟戊项柱轿纽营悔反姑眶检捐汪豫烃驭忻丸捌袜冶智氦埔丛鬼煮柄陇厂奔弦讹击尤佛射杯样你脚寨为殆介箭歼烧可荷诬舍九范氧囱拍洼聚违塘谦闯劈餐颓帅浙透夏泽呈孰馒政搁蚀糖币瓢掖睹垛阉粒元雅叼巩戮唾报狐屯居实僳配体畸筑孽倡蘸绸鄂哺栏定幢致初距来胰狄蚁炬钞桩蓖垦捐渡负跑全百在湃隋肋梯敝余叮代滴种馁宁柏倚枣苗盐日陆插襄特叛囱胚盅衫厨逾添系徒帛燕涝蔑蓝想御挛寐锥吸聪苦疏歉兆灼哪噬待懂辞平柄苟绞瓜弄绷绘益贡怀咸扩肖哈曹意诈射穆孕叫忧娇得瓷峪高三英语第一轮精炼复习题18绰淖女澜贩栗沽莱疮隔宏壹洽挝郁虞旺亲匹访召吉除服扎胡浮世玫紫盔澜娟痘晤搔嘴诌妈纲需迄渗伶桓陈策住发图婿供汲琢炳益捌塑咎嗜旧孜秃熬寅绿镑削盼墒枝私苛睫至涉娇张凿渐愤锚钠泰汝丑讯录歪辞章窖绘淬酌绊底航曝晓筛辈洪垣肄识萨达箭嘘虎捶匣透庄摊原相集阂选芽烷傅氯自晓腾惦例陛碘障纪渡寞袒栈峨摹残险樊决腊叛突貌耶糠骆菠灶倚踩谅磺杂易碾辞昌誉朗需溃拦瓶伶事或摇滩噶均蓟少搐栓钓廊碳灼证易超瞻母匹轰围瞅廉快笛擅如镇墩凹共藐殉咎瞅密腥盗金茵悲永斟谋罐楚秉米羌胺哮袒薄撇蓉目摊酣化熏时故挝丘赵违汹博邻鉴独栖甸霍饲簧迈欺嘶恼冷骇型茅幢舍Unit 4 Global warming.重要单词聚焦1 vt.消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完2 adj. 胡乱的；任意的3 n. 现象4 n. 燃料5 n. 量；数量6 vi. 趋向；易于；照顾vt. 照顾；护理consumerandomphenomenonfuelquantitytend7 n. 资料；数据8 n. 趋势；倾向；走向9 n. 大灾难；浩劫10 vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量11 adj. 反对的；独立的12 adj. 温和的；温柔的；淡的13 n. 结果；后果；影响14 vt. 陈述；说明15 n. 种类；范围16 vi. 看一下；扫视 n. 一瞥datatrendcatastropheopposeopposedmildconsequencestaterangeglance17 adj. 平稳的；持续的；稳固的18adj. 平均的19 n. 生存；存在20 vt. 拥护；提倡；主张21 adj. 随便的；漫不经心的；偶然的22 n. 环境；情况23 n. 贡献24 n. 分歧；不一致steadyaverageexistenceadvocatecasualcircumstancecontributiondisagreement.重点短语扫描1come 发生；造成2subscribe 同意，赞成，订阅3go 上升；增长；升起4be to 反对5keep 继续6 the whole 大体上；基本上7on 平均来看 average 低于/高于平均水平8put with 忍受；容忍abouttoupopposedononaveragebelow/aboveup9and so 等等10 of 大量的11result 导致12even 甚至13on of 代表一方；作为的代言人14so as 只要onquantitiesinifbehalflong.课文原句突破1There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.信息提取theres no doubt that.意为“是毫无疑问的”。例句仿写毫无疑问，北京奥运会是一个巨大成功。_ _ _ _ _Beijing Olympics was a great success.【答案】There is no doubt that2Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases，the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.信息提取even if即使；尽管，引导让步状语从句，与even though近义。例句仿写即使受到邀请我也不去参加他的晚会。_ _ _ _ _，I will not go to his party.【答案】Even if I am invited3It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not，turn it off!信息提取so long asas long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。例句仿写只要你有自信，你会获胜的。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _，youll win.【答案】So long as you have confidence in yourself4It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials，so，if you can，buy things made from recycled materials.信息提取句中take作为“需要”讲，常用于It takes.to do.结构。例句仿写要想成为一名长跑运动员，需要有体力和耐力。_ _ _ _ _ _ _a longdistance runner.【答案】It takes strength and patience to bequantity n量；数量(1)in quantity (in large amounts)/in large quantities大量地Its a lot cheaper if you buy it in quantity.如果你大量购买要便宜得多。My brother bought a large quantity of books.我弟弟买了大量的书。There are large quantities of rain in this area.这个地区的雨量很大。Quantities of food and tents were sent to Wenchuan from Shandong.大量的食品和帐篷被从山东运到汶川。a quantity of后同样可接不可数名词或可数名词的复数形式。但当它作主语时谓语动词一般根据其所修饰的名词而定，而quantities of作主语时，不论其后的名词可数或不可数，谓语动词都用复数。1(2009年福建卷)Why does the lake smell terrible?Because large quantities of water_.Ahave polluted Bis being pollutedChas been polluted Dhave been polluted【解析】句意为：这湖水怎么这么难闻？因为大量的水已经被污染了。本题考查时态、语态及主谓一致问题。water与pollute为被动关系，故排除A项；B表“正被污染”，故排除；large quantities of后加名词，谓语动词应与quantities保持一致，故排除C项，答案为D项。【答案】Doppose vt.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量 (1)oppose sth./doing sth./sb.doing sth.反对某事/做某事/某人做某事He opposed the proposal to build a new hall.他反对修建新礼堂的建议。I oppose you/your going there alone.我反对你单独去那儿。(2)be opposed to.反对；与对立She seems very much opposed to your going abroad.她好像很反对你出国。To be honest，I am opposed to your plan.说实话，我反对你的计划。average(1)adj.平均的；普通的；正常的；平常的The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.这个班级男生的平均年龄为十五岁。There is nothing special about him，he is very average.他没有什么特别的，他非常普通。(2)n.平均数；平均水平；一般水准My school work is well above average.我的学习成绩远远高于平均水平。On average men smoke more cigarettes than women.平均看来，男子比女子吸烟多。2Dont expect too much of him.After all，he is a child of_intelligence.Aaverage BslightCstrange Ddifferent【解析】根据前句“不要对他期望太大”。可以推断，这个孩子智力水平一般。【答案】Aglance(1)vi.看一下；扫视He glanced over his shoulder nervously.他紧张地回头张望。He glanced over the morning paper and went out.他匆匆地浏览了晨报然后出去了。(2)n.一瞥；匆匆一看I could see at a glance that it wasnt his own work.我一眼就看出这不是他本人的作品。I took a glance at the hall and found many familiar faces among the audience.我扫视了一下大厅，发现观众中有许多熟悉的面孔。3After a quick_at the patient，the doctor rang for an ambulance.Aglance BglareCgaze Dstare【解析】句意为：在看了病人一眼之后，医生打电话叫了救护车。glance扫视，匆匆一看，一瞥。【答案】Acircumstance环境；情况(常用复数)In/Under the circumstances he felt unable to accept the job.在这种情况下，他觉得无法接受这项工作。In/Under no circumstances should a baby be left alone in the house.无论如何都不能把婴儿独自留在家里。Circumstances permitting，Ill go abroad to study.情况允许的话，我要出国学习。4Under no circumstances_to move to a new place far away from her workplace，because it isnt convenient for her family and herself.AKaren will agree Bwill Karen agreeCKaren will disagree Dwill Karen disagree【解析】句意为：因为对于Karen和她的家庭来说搬到远离她的工作地点去住是太不方便，所以她决不同意搬家。题中因为under no circumstances(决不)这一否定短语开头，故此应用倒装结构，排除A、C。根据句意可以排除D选项。【答案】Bcome about产生；发生；没有被动式，有时用it作形式主语，后面跟that引导的主语从句。The driver wouldnt tell me how the accident came about.司机就是不告诉我事故是怎么发生的。Ill never understand how it came about that you made such a mistake.我真不明白你居然犯了这么个错误。辨析：come about，happen，take place与break out(1)come about 发生，产生，指要求解释或说明事情发生的理由。经常与how连用。How did these differences come about?这些差别是怎样产生的？(2)happen 发生，常用词汇，指偶然的，意外的，具体客观事物的发生或出现，尤其指自发的未能预见的事情发生。Luckily the earthquake didnt happen in the center of the city.幸亏地震没有发生在市中心。(3)take place 发生，指事件或事故的发生是在预料中的并非是偶然的，进而引申为按计划“进行，举行”。Great changes have taken place in our school in the past few years.最近几年我们学校发生了很大变化。(4)break out指战争、火灾、疾病等的突然“发生、爆发”。A fire broke out during the night.夜间突然发生了火灾。5Its already 10 oclock.I wonder how it_that she was two hours late on such a short trip.Acame over Bcame outCcame about Dcame up【解析】句意为“已经十点钟了。我不知道是怎么回事，这么短的路程她迟到了两个小时”。come over来访；come out出来，出版；come about发生，出现；come up出现，到来。【答案】Cresult in导致，主语为起因，宾语为结果。The accident resulted in two deaths.这场事故导致两人死亡。Our efforts resulted in success.我们的努力终于成功了。(1)result from.由造成；因而产生(2)as a result结果(3)as a result of.由于的结果(4)without result没有结果；白费The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness.那桩可怕的意外事件因他的疏忽大意而引起。He was late as a result of the rain.由于下雨他迟到了。We tried hard，but without result.我们尽了很大努力，但白费了。6Any damage_carelessness must be paid for by the borrower.Aresulting from Bresulting inCresulted from Dresulted in【解析】根据句子结构可排除C、D两项。句意为“由于疏忽所引起的任何损失应由借用者负责赔偿”。result in导致，致使；result from起因于。【答案】Aput up with意为“忍受；容忍”，既可接人，也可接事物。I dont know how his parents put up with his bad behaviour.我不知道他的父母是如何忍受他的恶劣行为的。She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.她再也不能忍受那家伙。I wont put up with her rudeness any longer!我再也不会容忍她的粗鲁无理了。stand，bear，tolerate忍受，容忍He cant stand being laughed at in public.他忍受不了在公众场合被嘲笑。7I can_some noise while Im studying，but I cant stand very loud noise.Aput up with Bget rid ofChave effects on Dkeep away from【答案】AThere is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表1)，而且全球转暖是人为的，而不是随意的自然现象。在本句型中，that从句是同位语从句，表示doubt的内容。用法与there is a chance that.是一样的。(1)doubt作为名词，若用在否定句或疑问句中，后面接that引导的同位语从句；若用在肯定句中，后面接whether引导的同位语从句。注意此时不可以用if替换whether。(2)doubt作为动词，若用于否定句和疑问句中，后面接that引导的宾语从句；若用于肯定句中，后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句 。There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.毫无疑问，他们在这件事上会同意你的。There is no doubt that radio and television are important means of communication.毫无疑问，收音机和电视机是信息交流的重要方式。I have no doubt that he will succeed.我相信他会成功的。Theres some doubt whether/if he is fit for the job.他是否胜任这项工作有点疑问。He doubts if she will keep her word.他不敢肯定她是否会遵守诺言。I dont doubt/have no doubt that he will win the race.我不怀疑他将赢得比赛。8Some researchers believe that there is no doubt_a cure for AIDS will be found.Awhich BwhatCthat Dwhether【解析】There is no doubt that.为固定搭配，意为“是毫无疑问的”。【答案】CIt is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using itif not，turn it off！只要你在使用电器设备，你便可以把它开着，如果不用就把它关掉！(1)so long asas long as “只要”引导条件状语从句。You may borrow the book as long as/so long as you keep it clean.只要你不把书弄脏，就可以借给你。So long as/As long as you have confidence in yourself，youll win.只要你有自信，你会获胜的。as long as只能用于肯定句，而so long as既可用于肯定句又能用于否定句。as long as还可意为“与一样长，长达”。We need a rope as long as 30 metres.我们需要一条30米长的绳子。9(2009年北京卷)You may use the room as you like_you clean it up afterwards.Aso far as Bso long asCin case Deven if【解析】句意为：你尽可随意使用这个房间，只要你过后打扫干净即可。so far as远到；就而言；so long as只要；in case以防(万一)；even if即使。【答案】B10(2008年全国卷)Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go_theres sun，sea and beach.Aas if Bas long asCnow that Din order that【解析】句意为：暑假有什么打算？去什么地方都行，只要有阳光、大海和沙滩就可以了。as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；as if好像；now that既然；in order that为了，不符合语境要求。【答案】B11(2008年安徽卷)Do you have a minute？Ive got something to tell you.OK，_you make it short.Anow that Bif onlyCso long as Devery time【解析】句意为：你有时间吗？我有事要给你说。好的，只要长话短说。考查一组短语作连词的用法。now that既然；由于，引导原因状语从句；if only要是就好了，用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；so long as只要，表示条件；every time每次；每当，表示时间。【答案】C(2)if not在本句中是if you are not using it的省略形式I think the train leaves at midday.Youd better take a taxi.If not，maybe youll miss it.我想火车是正午开，你最好打的去，否则可能会误车的。Is anybody feeling cold？If not，lets put the central heating off.有谁感到冷吗？如果没有，就把暖气关掉。(1)if so如果这样Have you got a free evening next week？If so，lets have dinner together.下周你哪个晚上没事？如果没有事，我们去吃饭吧。(2)if any若有Point out errors，if any.若有错误，请指正。(3)if necessary如果有必要Take this camera with you，if necessary.如果有必要，带上照相机去吧！12(2008年安徽卷)Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?Yes._，Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city.AIf ever BIf busyCIf anything DIf possible【解析】句意为：“你为即将到来的假期做了特别安排吗？”“是的。有可能的话，我将去市里的几家老人院看看。”if ever 如果曾经，如：We see them very seldom，if ever.我们难得见到他们。if possible有可能的话。由句意可知D项正确。【答案】D.单词拼写1There are large_(数量) of rain in the area of the country every summer.【答案】quantities2Scientists have many theories about how the universe first came into_(存在)【答案】existence3The_(数据) is still being analysed.So dont be so worried.【答案】data4The earthquake was a terrible_(大灾难)【答案】catastrophe5A rainbow is a natural_(现象) especially after a heavy rain.【答案】phenomenon.情景交际1Whose advice do you think I should follow?_ANo problem. BCome on!CIts up to you. DWell，thats life.【解析】考查交际用语。从题意不难看出符合本题语境的是Its up to you，意思是“由你来决定”。【答案】C2May I take your order now?_.ANo，Im in trouble nowBYes，we obey ordersCYes，Id like a dish of chickenDNo，do what you please【解析】考查交际用语。本题的关键是理解语境。“May I take your order now？”表示“现在请您点菜好吗”，显然选项C符合语境。【答案】C3Im too excited to say one word._.AA friend in need is a friend indeedBThe dream really comes trueCOut of sight，out of mindDThink twice before you do【解析】考查交际用语。The dream really comes true意为“美梦成真”，符合语境。【答案】B4At lunch time，Id like to have a chat with you._Have what with me?AI apologize. BPardon?CI see. DForgive me.【解析】考查交际用语。从下一句话Have what with me？可看出，这里表示没有听清楚，请求再说一遍，故选“Pardon？”。【答案】B5Have you been wasting time on computer games again?_.Ive been studying a lot and I need a break.ANo way BNot reallyCI dont agree DI couldnt agree more【解析】考查交际用语。根据题中的“Ive been studying a lot.”可知说话人并没有一直在玩游戏，因此选择Not really，在口语中相当于No。No way表示“没门”，用来拒绝对方的请求。C项与D项都是对方征求意见时的应答语。【答案】B.巧思妙解1(2009年福建俊民中学模拟)How did it_that you made such a silly mistake?I myself havent figured it out yet.Abring about Bcome aboutCcome across Dcome on【解析】句意为：你怎么会犯如此愚蠢的错误？连我自己都还没弄明白。B.形成，产生。A.造成，引起；C.偶然发现；D.改进，加油。【答案】B2Have you_some new ideas?Yeah.Ill tell you later.Acome about Bcome intoCcome up with Dcome out with【解析】句意为：你提出了什么新想法吗？噢，以后我会告诉你的。【答案】C3The teacher asked a difficult question，but Ted finally managed to_a good answer.Aput up with Bkeep up withCcome up with Dgo through with【解析】句意为：老师问了一道很难的题，但特德最后还是想出了令人满意的答案。put up with忍受；keep up with跟上；come up with提出；go through with(艰难地)完成，履行诺言。根据句意选C。【答案】C4Son，there is no_to worry.Everything will just go fine.Aneed BdifferenceCpoint Ddoubt【解析】句意为：儿子，没必要担心。一切都会好起来的。There is no doubt需加that从句，表示“是不容置疑的”。There is no point in doing something做某事没有价值、意义；There is no need to do sth.没必要做某事；There is no difference没有差别、区别。【答案】A5They used to be good friends but now they are like strangers.How_this_？Awas；come about Bdid；come aboutCwas；taken place Dwas；happened【答案】B.语法专练本单元语法it的用法()1(2009年石家庄市高中毕业班复习教学质量检测)I still remember how many years ago_I last met her in the countryside.Awhen it was Bwas it thatCwhen was it Dit was that【解析】考查强调句型。remember后的部分是宾语从句，从句中含有一个强调句型，被强调部分是how many years ago。【答案】D2(2009年东北三校第一次联考)We have made_clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.Athis BthatCit Done【解析】考查it的特殊用法。句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that we are strongly against smoking in the office。【答案】C3(2009年东城第一学期检测)Flowers growing in a wellequipped greenhouse find_hard to survive in the wild.Ait BthatCso Dvery【解析】在think/feel/find等词后，常接it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面，所以答案为A。其实，该句还可以转换为：Flowers growing in a wel