小学英语必背100个基础知识.docx

01一、一个星期七天Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday二、一年十二个月January February March April May JuneJuly August September October November December三、一年四季1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字1. eighth第八 2. ninth第九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十五、亲属称呼1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈)六、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）七、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰 6. hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)7. lie lied lied 说谎; lielay-lain躺下 lay-laid- laid 放置 8. seek (sought, sought) 寻求9. shake (shook, shaken) 发抖 10. sing (sang, sung) 唱歌11. sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉 12. spread (spread, spread) 传播13. swim (swam, swum) 游泳 14. tear (tore, torn) 撕碎16. wear( wore; worn) 穿/戴 17. hold (held, held ) 18. make (made, made) 19. keep (kept, kept)八、意思相近的词1. check （核对）/ examine(检查)/ test（测试） 2. receive（收到） / accept（接受）3. destroy （毁坏；毁灭）/ damage（破坏） 4. celebrate(庆祝)/ congratulate（祝贺）5. wear sth / dress sb 穿衣九、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1. longlength 长度 2. widewidth 宽度 3. highheight 高度 4. strongstrength力量以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或edpicnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1. German (Germans) 德国人 2. gulf (gulfs) 海湾3. handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕roof (roofs) 房顶4. hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1. succeedsuccess成功 2. pronouncepronunciation 发音 3 . explainexplanation解释4. decidedecision 决定 5. enterentrance进入 6. permitpermission 允许7. considerconsideration 考虑 8. expectexpectation 期待 9. discoverdiscovery 发现10. buryburial 埋葬 11. concludeconclusion 得出结论 12. arrivearrival 到达13. weighweight 重量 14. describedescription 描述 15. loseloss 损失16. anxious-anxiety 焦虑十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1. beautiful美丽的beautifully 2. possible可能的possibly3. practical实际的practically 4. particular特别的particularly5. successful成功的successfully02常用英汉互译知识1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 诗经：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 史记：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 西游记：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Years Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 水浒：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）：The Four Treasure of the Study Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone。03其它必背单词1. abroad 国外2. absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)3. accept 接受)4. accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的，accidentally adv. 偶然地)5. achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得)6. address地址7. admire钦佩8. admit承认 （admitted)9. agreement 协议10.agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的) industry 工业（industrial工业的）11. altogether总共12. ancient 古代的13. announce宣告、通知 announcement ( n. 口头通知)14. anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急地)15. apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉)16. appear 出现（appearance 外貌 n.）disappear消失/不见17. appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.)18. Asian(亚洲的)19. assistant 助手20. astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊，astonishing令吃惊的，astonished吃惊的)21. astronaut 宇航员22. atmosphere气氛23. attempt尝试 (n / v) attempt to do sth24. attentively 专心地25. attention 专心 pay attention to doing sth26. attitude 态度27. attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力)28. average平均 / 平均的 29. on average 平均30. balance平衡 keep the balance of nature保持生态平衡31. beauty 美 (beautiful, beautifully ) beautify美化32. believe相信 (belief n. 信念，其复数是beliefs)33. beyond超过34. biology生物35. birthday生日36. bravery 勇敢 brave勇敢的 bravely勇敢地37.broad宽阔的38. broadcast广播(broadcast broadcast;)39. care 关心 careful 小心的 carefully小心地40. ceiling天花板41. cinema电影院42. celebrate庆祝43. celebration 庆祝n.44. century 世纪45. challenge 挑战46. character 性格47. charge收费 be charge of 48. comfort v. & n. 安慰 comfortable 舒适的adj. comfortably adv.舒适地49. take charge of 管理50. comment 评论51. communicate （vt） communication (n) 交流52. competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者)53. composition 作文54. concert 音乐会55. conclude v. conclusion n. 结论56. condition情况 (conditions条件)57. concern 关心 (vt)58. congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.)59. constant 不断的 constantly 不断地60. construction(建设)61. continue继续62. contribution 贡献 (contribute v.) make contributions to 对做出贡献63. convenient (adj.) 方便的 conveniently方便地64. conversation 谈话65. coughing咳嗽66. cousin表兄弟67. cruel的 (adj. cruelly 残酷地adv.)68. curious 好奇的 (curiosity n. 好奇)69. culture（cultural文化的adj.）70. customer 顾客71. whether是否72. custom习俗73. destroy毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed)74. declare宣称75. delicious 美味76. damage损坏77. determined 有决心的 be determined to do sth 决心做某事78. develop发展 (development n. developing 发展中的，developed发达的)79. dialogue 对话80. diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)81. difference 不同点 (复数differences) different不同的 differently 不同地differ from be different from make differences82. disappointed失望的 (disappointing 让人失望的)83. disappointment 失望84. discovery 发现 (复数discoveries，动词discover，发现者discoverer)85. disturb打扰 86. dollar美元 (其复数是dollars) 87. downstairs楼下 upstairs楼上88. dream梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)89. electricity电 (electrical电的，electric 电的)90. employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主， employee雇员)91. empty倒空 (可用动词，其过去式是emptied)92. encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事93. energy能量94. envelope 信封95. envy n. 妒忌96. equal(平等的) equality平等97. equipment设备98. especially 尤其是99. essential(重要的)100. European 欧洲人101. event事件107. expert 专家102. excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.)104. exhibition展览105. expense 耗费 expensive 昂贵的106. experience 经验/经历 (experienced 有经验的) an unusual experience一次不同寻常的经历 have much experience经验丰富107. express (vt) 表达 expression (n)108. impress 印象 impression (n.)109. fail v.失败 failure n.失败 fail to do sth 没做成某事110. familiar(熟悉的) be familiar to /with111. worship崇拜112. favorite 最喜爱的 flexible 灵活的113. figure人物/数字114. finger手指115. flight飞行116. forehead前额117. foreign(外国的)118. fortunate幸运的 fortunately幸运地 unfortunately不幸运地119. forward向前120. freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的)121. frequently 经常地122. furniture 家具123.far 远的 further进一步的124. generally 大概 generally speaking 一般来说125. geography地理126. Germany德国127. government政府128. gradual 逐渐的 gradually逐渐地129. graduation毕业 (graduate from毕业于 )130. grammar语法131. habit习惯 form a habit of 养成习惯132. handkerchief 手绢)133. honest诚实的honesty 诚实134. honor/honour 荣誉135. imagination 想象力 (imagine v.)136. immediate (立即的) immediately马上(adv)137. take measures 采取措施138. form a habit of 养成习惯139. incident小事件140. including包括 (include v.)141independent 独立的142. industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的)143. information 信息144. instrument 仪器145. institute学院146. inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring鼓舞人心的, inspired受鼓舞的)147. interest 兴趣 interesting有兴趣的 be interested in对感兴趣148. interrupt 打断149. judging from 根据来判断150. introduce介绍 (introduction n.)151. regular规则的 irregular 不规则的152. journey旅程153. judge判断 (judgment) 154. kindergarten幼儿园155. knowledge 知识156. labor/labour劳动157. late 迟的 late1y最近158. laugh笑 laughter笑声159. law法律 lawyer律师 legal合法的 illegal非法的 160. library 图书馆 librarian图书馆理员161. lose掉失,（lost ，lost） loss损失 n.162. luck 幸运 lucky幸运的 luckily幸运地163. magazine杂志164. majority (大多数)165. weather天气 166. manage 设法 (manager经理, management管理) manage to do 设法做到.167. market(市场) supermarket超市168. marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚，married已婚的) get married to 与某人结婚169. material(s)材料)170. whisper 低语171. mayor市长172. mean (意味、打算) meaning 意义 meaningful 有意义的173. measure测量 174. medal 奖章 (比较：model 模型 metal 金属)175. memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住，remember 记得)176. message 口信177. musician 音乐家178. modern现代的179. modest谦虚的180. monitor 班长181. moustache 胡子182. murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手)183. music 音乐 musical音乐的 184. mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)185. nationality国籍 (nation 国家，national国家的)186. nature 自然 natural自然的)187. naughty 淘气的188. normal 正常的189. it is necessary for sb to do sth 某人有必要做某事190. necessary 必要 191. obey (遵守) break 违反192. obvious 明显的 obviously 明显地193. offer主动提供) offer to do sth主动做某事194. operate动手术 operation手术195. opportunity 机会（=chance）196. ordinary 普通的197. organize/organise(组织) organization组织198. particularly 特别是199. passenger 旅客200. problem难题 question问题201. patience耐心patient耐心的；病人 (patiently耐心地)202. wealth财富203. perfect 完美（的） (perfectly) Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧204. perform (表演)205. perhaps 或许206. period 时期207. permit 许可 vt permission许可 n208. persuaded(说服)209. phenomenon 现象 phenomena 现象（复数）210. physicist 物理学家211. pilot (飞行员)212. poisonous 有毒的 (poison)213. political 政治的 (politics)214. popular受欢迎的215. population人口216. position 职位217. possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的)218. poverty 贫穷n (poor贫穷的 )219. waste (浪费) Its a waste to do sth 做某事时一种浪费220. practice实践 practical (可实施的，实际的)221. prepare（准备) preparation222. press 压/按 pressure(压力)223. pretend假装 pretend to do sth 假装做某事224. professor 教授225. profit 利润226. progress进步 make good progress进步很大227. pronounce发音 pronunciation (n.发音)228. provide 提供 (比较：supply/ provide sb with sth offer sb sth提供某人某物,229. public 公众230. purpose目的 on purpose故意地231. quality质量/素质232. quantity（数量233. realize (实现vt) reality n.现实234. receive 收到235. recently(最近= lately)236. recycle( 循环再用)237. recognize 认出238. regards 问候 give my regards to sb请带我向某人问候239. remind提醒 remind sb of sth 提醒某人某物240. repeat vt.重复(repetition n.重复)241. respect尊敬242. restaurant 餐馆243. temperature温度244. satisfaction满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying)245. umbrella(雨伞)246. Saturday(星期六)247. scientific 科学的248. scientific科学的249. secretary秘书250. secretly (秘密地)251. separately单独地252. separate (单独的adj、分开vt)253. serious 严重的 (seriously)254. serve (v) service (n)服务255. shortcoming缺点256. silence 安静 (silent安静的-silently安静地)257. succeed (vi) 成功success (n) 成功 successful (adj) 成功的 successfully (adv) Succeed in doing sth 成功做某事（=be successful to do sth）258. similar 类似的 (similarity ies相似之处)259. situation形势/情况260. slightly(稍微)261. society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)262. southern(南方的) northern北方的 western 西方的 eastern 东方的263. special特别的264. species 物种 (单复数同形)265. spring春天266. square 平方267. steal stole -stolen(偷)268. straight(直的)269. suit合适 suitable合适的270. support支持/支撑 support the family养家糊口271. surprise吃惊 to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是 be surprised at 对.感到吃惊272. surround 包围 surrounding周围的 surroundings环境273. swimming(游泳n.)274. technique 技术 (technical adj. 技术的)275. technology技术276. theory 理论 in theory 理论上277. thirst 渴n thirsty口渴的adj278. thorough 彻底的289. total合计280. traffic 交通traffic jam 塞车281. translate翻译 translation 翻译 translator翻译家282. interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译)283. usual平常的 unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地284. unwilling 不愿意 (willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志) be willing to do 愿意做285. vacation假期(=holiday )286. various各种各样的 (variety n. 种类)287. victim受害者288. victory胜利289. vocabulary词汇290. voyage航行