建筑史中英文对照.docx

建筑史中英文对照 建史名词中英文对照：中国古代建筑及构造 宫palace,temple 殿hall 厅hall又称“堂” 室room 房house 亭pavilion 台platform 坛altar 楼storied building 阁pavilion 廊colonnade 榭pavilion on terrace 水榭waterside pavilion 轩windowed veranda 民居folk house 四合院courtyard house 寨stockaded village 舫boat house 阙que, watchtower 牌楼pailou, decorated gateway 华表huabiao, ornamental pillar 塔pagoda 硬山flush gable roof 悬山overhanging gable roof 歇山gable and hip roof 庑殿hip roof 四阿hip roof 卷棚round ridge roof 重檐double eave roof 攒尖pyramidal roof 园攒尖round pavilion roof 大木wooden structure 大式wooden frame with dougong 小式wooden frame without dougong 大木作carpentry work 小木作joinery work 抬梁式构架post and lintel construction 穿斗式构架column and tie construction 井干式构架log cabin construction 檐柱eave column 金柱hypostyle column内槽柱hypostyle column唐代术语内柱hypostyle column宋代术语山柱center column角柱corner column唐、宋术语瓜柱short column脊瓜柱king post蜀柱king post宋代术语雷公柱suspended column帐杆suspended column宋代术语侧脚cejiao宋代术语卷杀entasis梭柱shuttle-shaped column宋代术语角背bracket由戗inverted V-shaped brace叉手chashou, inverted V-shaped brace宋代术语柁墩wooden pier驼峰tuofeng, camel-hump shaped suport宋代术语梁beam袱beam宋代术语月梁crescent beam三架梁3-purlin beam平梁3-purlin beam宋代术语四架梁4-purlin beam五架梁5-purlin beam四椽袱5-purlin beam宋代术语六架梁6-purlin beam七架梁7-purlin beam六椽袱7-purlin beam宋代术语九架梁9-purlin beam八椽袱9-purlin beam宋代术语单步梁one-step cross beam双步梁two-step cross beam挑尖梁main aisle exposed tiebeam乳袱rufu, beam tie宋代术语抱头梁baotou beam穿插枋penetrating tie角梁hip rafer（木行）purlin (used with dougong)大式檩purlin (used without dougong)小式抟purlin宋代术语脊（木行）ridged purlin大式脊檩ridged purl in小式脊抟ridged purlin宋代术语金（木行）intermediate purlin大式金檩intermediate purlin小式上中平抟intermediate purlin宋代术语老檐（木行）purlin on hypostyle大、小式，宋代术语正心（木行）eave purlin大式檐檩eave purlin小式下平抟eave purlin宋代术语额枋architrave(used with dougong)大式檐枋architrave(used with dougong)小式阑额architrave宋代术语由额垫板cushion board 大式檐垫板cushion board 小式枋tiebeam脊枋ridge tiebeam上金枋upper purlin tiebeam下金枋lower purlin tiebeam老檐枋eave tiebeam大式，指檐口构造檐枋eave tiebeam 小式，指檐口构造顶椽top rafter脑椽upper rafter 花架椽intermediate rafter檐椽eave rafter飞檐椽flying rafter飞子flying rafter宋代术语连檐eave edging瓦口tile edging颔版tile edging宋代术语举架raising the purlin举析raising the purlin宋代术语步架horizontal spacing between purlins材cai栔qi分fen斗口doukou,mortise of cap block斗拱dougong,bracket set斗dou, bracket set升block with cross mortise大斗cap block栌斗cap block宋代术语拱gong,bracketarm翘 flower arm, petal华拱flower arm宋代术语昂ang,lever槽升子center block齐心斗center block宋代术语三才升small block十八斗connection block交互斗connection block宋代术语正心拱axial bracket arm 泥道拱axial bracket arm宋代术语瓜拱oval arm瓜子拱oval arm宋代术语万拱long arm慢拱long arm宋代术语厢拱regular arm令拱regular arm宋代术语单材拱outer-side bracket arm撑头small tie-beam枋small tie-beam宋代术语耍头nose攒set of bracket柱头科bracket set on columns柱头铺作bracket set on columns宋代术语平身科bracket sets between columns补间铺作bracket sets between columns宋代术语角科bracket set on corner转角铺作bracket set on corner宋代术语出extension of bracket出跳extension of bracket宋代术语cai跳tiao宋代术语雀替sparrow brace搏缝板gable eave board搏缝版gable eave board宋代术语 木装修joiner's work外檐装修exterior finish work内檐装修interior finish work框槛door frame槛stud抱框jamb on door or window格栅partition door抹头window stool棂子grill裙板panel槛窗sill wall window榻板window sill 支摘窗removable window门枕door bearing门簪decorative cylinder门跋door knocker门钉decorative nails on door leaf门枕石bearing stone抱鼓石drum-shaped bearing stone天花ceiling帽儿梁lattice framing支条lattice framing井口天花compartment ceiling海墁天花flat ceiling藻井caisson ceiling罩shelf龛niche博古架antique shelf瓦石作masonry檐墙eave wall廊墙partition wall扇面墙horizontal partition wall隔断墙vertical partition wall槛墙sill wall樨头gable wall head挑檐石cantilever stone on eave五花山墙stepped gable wall拔磉corbel, hanging over叠涩corbel, hanging over宋代术语角柱石corner pier阶条石rectangular stone slab压阑石rectangular stone slab宋代术语台阶steps踏道steps宋代术语踏垛step踏step宋代术语斗板石intermediate pier垂带drooping belt stone副子drooping belt stone宋代术语象眼triangular space御路yulu, imperial path羌差ramp须弥座xumizuo圭角guijiao上枋upper fillet and fascia下枋lower fillet and fascia上袅upper cyma, recta下袅lower cyma, reversa束腰suyao钩栏balustrade宋代术语单钩栏single frieze balustrade宋代术语垂台钩栏double frieze balustrade望柱baluster望柱头baluster capital栏版frieze panel华版frieze panel地伏 plinth stone 寻杖 handrail 宋代术语柱顶石 capital stone 柱础 column base 踬 zhi 碑碣 stone tablet 赑屃 bixi, stone turtle 宋及宋前术语趺 fu, stone turtle 清代术语 石像生 stone animal 石人 stone human statue 筒瓦 round tile 板瓦 flat tile 青瓦 black tile 脊瓦 ridge tile 琉璃瓦 glazed roof tile 勾头 eave tile 滴水 drip tile 瓦当 tile end, eave tile with pattern 正吻 zhengwen 鸱尾 chiwei 宋及宋前术语 正脊 main ridge 垂脊 diagonal ridge for hip roof, vertical ridge for gable roof 戗脊 diagonal ridge for gable and hip roof 博脊 horizontal ridge for gable and hip roof 仙人 celestial being 走兽 animal 砖雕 brick carving 彩画 colored pattern, colored drawing 苏式彩画 Suzhou style pattern 旋子彩画 tangent circle pattern 和玺彩画 dragons pattern 天花彩画 ceiling pattern 箍头 end portion of painted beam 藻头 intermediate portion of painted beam 枋心 central portion of painted beam 点金 gold pointing 退晕 color change 沥粉 embossed painting 贴金 gold foil painting 建史名词中英文对照：外国古代建筑及构造金字塔 pyramid 方尖碑 obelisk 牌门楼 pylon 莲花式柱 lotus column 纸草花式柱 papyrus column 棕榈叶式柱 palm column 塔庙 ziggurat 列柱围廊式 peristyle 山花 pediment 多立克柱式 Doric order 伊奥尼亚柱式 Ionic order 曾用名“爱奥尼亚柱式”。 科林斯柱式 Corinthian order 檐口 cornice 檐部 entablature 檐壁 frieze 额枋 architrave 柱头 capital 柱身 column shaft 槽沟 flute 圆底线脚 torus 柱基 plinth 台基 stylobate 输水道 aqueduct 万神庙 pantheon 凯旋门 triumphal arch 角斗场 colosseum 广场 forum 托斯卡柱式 Tuscan order 门廊 potch,portico 小穹顶 cupola 平嵌线 reglet 主穹顶 main dome 半穹顶 semi dome 帆拱 pendentive 会堂 basilica 中厅 central nave 侧廊 aisle 半圆形壁龛 apse 袖廊 transept 柱廊 colonnade 神坛altar拱廊atcade壁上拱廊blind arcade塔楼turret玫瑰窗rose window扶壁buttress尖顶pinnacle滴水兽gargoyle顶端饰finial花色窗棂tracery四叶饰quatrefoil五叶饰cinquefoil府邸mansion,palazzo鼓座drum 采光塔lantern小侧窗bulleye window 涡卷装饰cartouche宣礼塔minaret圣龛mihrab,prayer niche讲坛mimbar,pulpit 拱式vault type筒拱barrel vault棱拱groin vault肋骨拱rib bed vault星形拱stellar vault网状拱reticulated vault扇形拱fan vault倒槽式拱trough vault钟乳拱stalactite vault券式arch type半圆券 semicircular arch尖券pointed arch弧形券segmental arch 葱花券ogee arch马蹄券horseshoe arch 交角券squinch穹式dome type半球形穹顶semespherical dome葱花穹顶ogee dome方穹顶square dome 阿拉伯花饰arabeque阿拉伯式柱头Arabian capital建史名词中英文对照：园林史中国古典园林classical Chinese garden中国老式园林traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林ancient Chinese garden 中国山水园Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑imperial palace garden皇家园林royal garden 私家园林private garden江南园林garden on the Yangtze Delta西方古典园林western classical garden 英国式园林English style garden中英混合式园林Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林Italian style garden西班牙式园林Spainish style garden法兰西式园林French style garden勒诺特尔式园林Le Notre's style garden文艺复兴庄园Renaissance style garden 洛可可式园林Rococo style garden 巴洛克式园林Baroque style garden庄园manor,villa garden廊柱园peristyle garden,patio绿廊xystus迷阵maze,labyrinth灵囿Ling You Hunting Garden周代术语灵沼Ling Zhao Water Garden周代术语灵台Ling Tai Platform Garden周代术语阿房宫E-Pang Palace秦代术语上林苑Shang-Lin Yuan汉代术语未央宫Wei-Yang Palace汉代术语洛阳宫Luoyang Palace魏代术语华清宫Hua-Qing Palace唐代术语艮岳Gen Yue Imperial Garden宋代术语圆明园Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden颐和园Yi-HE Yuan Imperial Garden承德避暑山庄Chengde Imperial Summer Resort苏州园林Suzhou traditional garden悬园Hanging Garden又称“悬空园”，“架高园”。英国皇家植物园Royal Botanical Garden, Kew garden又称“邱园”。凡尔赛宫苑Versailles Palace Park枫丹白露宫园Fontainebleau Palace Garden景view,scenery,feature远景distant view近景nearby view障景obstructive scenery, blocking view又称“抑景”。借景borrowed scenery,view borrowing对景oppositive scenery,view in opposite place 缩景miniature scenery, abbreviated scenery漏景leaking through scenery框景enframed scenery尾景terminal feature主景main feature副景secondary feature配景objective view夹景vista line,vista又称“风景线”前景front view背景background景序order of sceneries景点feature spot,view spot园林空间garden space开敞空间wide open space,wide space封闭 空间encloseure space意境artistic conception,poetic imagery苍古antiquity空灵spaciousness,airiness动观in-motion viewing静观in-position viewing轴线axis,axial line主轴main axis副轴auxiliary axis暗轴hidden axis,invisible axis又称“隐轴”建史名词中英文对照：都市史都市史history of cities居民点settlement市场market城墙city wall都城capital city宫城imperial city外城outer city皇城imperial palace里neighbourhood街street巷lane胡同hutong,alley关厢outskirt城濠city moat,city trench城堡castle城邦polis都市city镇township,town市区city proper郊区suburb工业都市industrial city矿业都市mining city港口都市port city商业都市commercial city大学城campus city科学城science city风景旅游都市sceic-tourist city休养都市resort city小都市small city中等都市medium-sized city大都市large city都市历史保护urban conservation历史建筑historical building 历史地段historical site都市改建urban redevelopment都市更新urban renewal