科技英语大试卷及答案.doc

一、单项选择题（共15道试题，共15分。）V 1.When Bob and his friends came, we_our supper then. BA. hadB. were havingC. haveD. are having2.（ ） has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem CA. ThatB. WhatC. In spite of whatD. Though what3.I chose a small room with the window _ the street. CA. facesB. facedC. facingD. to face4.The oil spillage in the Gulf was of such _ that its effects will last for decades. A. magnificenceB. maintenanceC. magnitudeD. manipulation C5.Joint ventures may （ ） labor contracts with the employees according to their needs in production and management operations CA. signalB. writeC. signD. draw6.The islands population initially numbered 180, but there was a gradual _ until only 40 people were left. CA. declinationB. inclineC. inclinationD. decline7. It provides a standard format for Web pages to create a link, provide the refresh period for a page to change, _ audio files, and form pages into different frames. BA. inputB. embedC. outputD. inbed8.No plan for the future will be acceptable unless it _ poverty and unemployment. A. abolishes AB. abusesC. compelsD. commits9.Every country tries to maintain a(n) （ ） balance of trade, which assures it of the means to buy necessary imports DA. organicB. marineC. compoundD. favorable10.The present wave of strikes _ from discontent among the lower-paid. A. stems AB. trapsC. raisesD. ranges满分：1分11.The zero-tariff （零关税）policy in helping the undeveloped countries of Africa has brought _ benefit to the African people. BA. substantiateB. substantialC. substantD. subtitle满分：1分12.The managing director took the （ ） for the accident, although it was not really his fault BA. guiltB. blameC. accusationD. charg13.There seems to be something wrong with the computer but we hope to _ it right before too long. BA. correct B. put C. sort D. cope14.Alice trusts you.Only you can （ ） her to give up the foolish idea DA. suggestB. attractC. temptD. persuade15.Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be （ ） of your parents help A. depended DB. dependingC. dependentD. independen二、阅读理解（共1道试题，共10分。）V 1. A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin deep. Ones physical assets and liabilities dont count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best. Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not so beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted. Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group college students, or teachers or corporate personnel mangersa piece of paper relating an individuals accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good. In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire(追求) to managerial positions do not g et on as well as women who may be less attractive. 1).According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as a manager _. BA. a persons property or debts do not matter muchB. a persons outward appearance is not a critical qualificationC. women should always dress fashionablyD. women should not only be attractive but also high minded满分：2分2).The result of research carried out by social scientists show that _D_.A. people do not realize the importance of looking ones bestB. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid wellC. good looking women aspire to managerial positionsD. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not满分：2分3).Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes _B_.A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin deepB. they do not usually act according to the views they supportC. they give ordinary looking persons the lowest ratingsD. they tend to base their judgment on the individuals accomplishments满分：2分4).Good looks cut both ways for women(Line 1, Para.5) means that _C_.A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobsB. good looking women always get the best of everythingC. being attractive is not always an advantage for womenD. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions满分：2分5). It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world _C_.A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women areB. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite wellC. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite wellD. good looks are important for women as they are for men满分：2分三、阅读理解（共1道试题，共10分。）V 1. In order to talk about the nature of the universe and to discuss questions such as whether it has a beginning or an end, you have to be clear about what a scientific theory is. I shall take the simple-minded view that a theory is just a model of the universe, or a restricted part of it, and a set of rules that relate quantities in the model to observations that we make.It exists only in our minds and does not have any other reality. A theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements. It must accurately describe a large class of observations on the basis of a model that contains only a few arbitrary elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.For example, Aristotles theory that everything was made out of four elements, earth, air, fire, and water, was simple enough to qualify, but it did not make any definite predictions. On the other hand, Newtons theory of gravity was based on an even simpler model, in which bodies attracted each other with a force that was proportional to a quantity called their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Yet it predicts the motion of the sun, the moon, and the planets to a high degree of accuracy. Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. In practice, what often happens is that a new theory that is devised is really an extension of the previous theory. The eventual goal of science is to provide a single theory that describes the whole universe. However, the approach most scientists actually follow is to separate the problem into two parts. First, there are the laws that tell us how the universe changes with time. If we know what the universe is like at any one time, these physical laws tell us how it will look at any later time. Second, there is the question of the initial state of the universe. Some people feel that science should be concerned with only the first part; they regard the question of the initial situation as a matter for religion. They would say that God could have started the universe off any way he wanted. That may be so, but in that case he also could have made it develop in a completely arbitrary way. Yet it appears that he chose to make it evolve in a very regular way according to certain laws. It therefore seems equally reasonable to suppose that there are also laws governing the initial state. It turns out to be very difficult to devise a theory to describe the universe all in one go. Instead, we break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theories. Each of these partial theories describes and predicts a certain limited class of observations, neglecting the effects of other quantities, or representing them by simple sets of numbers. It may be that this approach is completely wrong. If everything in the universe depends on everything else in a fundamental way, it might be impossible to get close to a full solution by investigating parts of the problem in isolation. Nevertheless, it is certainly the way that we have made progress in the past. The classical example is the Newtonian theory of gravity, which tells us that the gravitational force between two bodies depends only on one number associated with each body, its mass, but is otherwise independent of what the bodies are made of. Thus one does not need to have a theory of the structure and constitution of the sun and the planets in order to calculate their orbits. Today scientists describe the universe on terms of two basic partial theories the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. They are the great intellectual achievements of the first half of this century. The general theory of relativity describes the force of gravity and the large-scale structure of the universe. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, deals with phenomena on extremely small scales, such as a millionth of a millionth of an inch. Unfortunately, however, these two theories are known to be inconsistent with each other they cannot both be correct. One of the major endeavors in physics today, is the search for a new theory that will incorporate them both a quantum theory of gravity. We do not yet have such a new theory, and we may still be a long way from having one, but we do already know many of the properties that it must have.为了谈论宇宙本质和讨论这样问题与否有开始或结束,你必须清晰什么是科学理论。我应当采用简朴观点,理论只是一种宇宙模型,或限制它一部分,一组规则有关数量模型中观测我们。它只存在于我们思想,没有任何其他现实。一种理论是一种很好理论假如它满足两个需求。它必须精确地描述一种大班观测模型基础上,只包括某些任意元素,它必须明确预测未来观测成果。例如,亚里士多德理论,一切都是由四种元素,土、空气、火和水,简朴资格,但这并没有做出任何明确预测。另首先,牛顿引力理论是基于一种更简朴模型,在彼此身体吸引了力量,是与一种叫做它们质量和负量成正比与它们之间距离。然而,预测太阳运动,月球和行星高度精确性。任何物理理论总是临时,在这个意义上,它仅仅是一种假设:你永远不能证明这一点。无论多少次试验成果同意某些理论,你永远不能保证下次不会反驳这个理论成果。另首先,你甚至可以证明一种理论,找到一种观测,不一样意预测理论。在实践中,常常发生是,一种新理论,设计了真是前面理论延伸。科学最终目是提供一种单一理论,描述了整个宇宙。然而,大多数科学家实际上遵照措施是单独问题分为两部分。首先,有法律,告诉我们宇宙怎样随时间变化。假如我们懂得宇宙是什么样子在任何一种时间,这些物理定律告诉我们怎样看后来。第二,有宇宙初始状态问题。某些人认为科学应当只关怀第一部分;他们认为最初问题状况作为宗教问题。他们会说:上帝可以宇宙已经开始了他想要任何方式。也许是这样,但在这种状况下,他还可以让它完全任意方式发展。然而看来,他选择让它发展非常常规方式按照一定法律。因此似乎同样合理假设也有规律初始状态。事实证明很难设计出一种理论来描述宇宙所有。相反,我们把这个问题提成碎片和发明部分理论。每一种部分理论描述和预测某些有限类观测,忽视了其他数量影响,或代表1).According to the author, a theory is all of the following EXCEPT for _D_.A. a model of the universeB. a restricted part of the universeC. a set of rulesD. a realit2).The difference between Aristotles theory and Newtons theory is _D_.A. Aristotles theory can describe a large class of observations, while Newtons cannot.B. Newtons theory can describe a large class of observations, while Aristotles cannot.C. Aristotles theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Newtons cannot.D. Newtons theory can make a definite prediction of the future observations, while Aristotles cannot.3).The approach adopted by most scientists to devise a theory to describe the universe is _A_.A. to break the problem up into bits and invent a number of partial theoriesB. to invent one theory to describe the whole universeC. to combine general theory of relativity with quantum mechanicsD. to study the origin of the universe4).It is described in Newtons theory of gravity that bodies attracted each other with a force which is _B_.A. inversely proportional to their massB. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between themC. proportional to the square of the distance between themD. proportional to the constitution of them5).According the passage, the great intellectual achievements of the first half of the 20th century are _C_.A. Newtons theory of gravity and the general theory of relativityB. Newtons theory of gravity and quantum mechanicsC. the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanicsD. the general theory of relativity and the quantum theory of gravity四、完型填空（共1道试题，共10分。）V 1. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that (1)does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less (2) then, however, were the new, positive (3) that work against the digital divide. (4) , there are reasons to be (5) . There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more (6) , it is in the interest of business to universalize accessafter all, the more people online, the more potential (7) there are. More and more (8) , afraid their countries will be left (9) , want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be (10) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will (11) rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for (12) world poverty that weve ever ha