动词-ing形式作状语.ppt

（三）（三）ing ing 形式作状语形式作状语 动词的动词的inging形式作状语时，通常都形式作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。它可表示时间、结果、条件、让步、方式它可表示时间、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作，相当于相应的状语从句。或伴随动作，相当于相应的状语从句。1一、表示时间（置于句首，也可置于句末）一、表示时间（置于句首，也可置于句末）,译为译为_.相当于相当于_引导的引导的状语从句。状语从句。1.Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.=_the news,they all jumped with joy.当干当干时时When/whileWhentheyheard22.Seeing its mother,the baby smiled.=_its mother,it smiled.Whenthebabysaw3二、表示原因（多置于句首）译为二、表示原因（多置于句首）译为_.相当于相当于_引导的状语从句。引导的状语从句。1.Being ill,he went home.=_ hewenthome2.Not having received any news from home for a long time,she is becoming more and more homesick.=_any news from home for a long time,因为干，由于因为干，由于as/becauseAshewasill,Asshehasntreceived4三、表示条件（多置于句首）三、表示条件（多置于句首）译为译为_.相当于相当于_引导的状语引导的状语从句。从句。1.Working hard,you will succeed.=_,youwillsucceed.Ifyouworkhard如果干如果干的话的话if51.The snow lasted a week,resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.四、表示结果（多置于句末）四、表示结果（多置于句末）译为译为_.相当于相当于_引导的状引导的状语从句。语从句。=The snow lasted a week,_a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.2.His parents died,leaving him a lot of money.=Hisparentsdied,_ they _him a lot of money.所以干，结果干所以干，结果干so/asaresult,soitresultedinasaresult,left6五、表示让步（多置于句首）五、表示让步（多置于句首）,译为译为_.相当于相当于_引导引导的状语从句。的状语从句。nHavingnothingtodohere,wecantleavehere.n=_nothingtodohere,wecantleavehere.尽管干尽管干although/thoughAlthoughwehave7六、表示方式和伴随（多置于句末）六、表示方式和伴随（多置于句末）-ing -ing形式作方式状语或伴随状语，用来对形式作方式状语或伴随状语，用来对谓语动词表示的动作或状态加以说明。一般来谓语动词表示的动作或状态加以说明。一般来说，说，-ing-ing形式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的形式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可以代动作同时发生。它没有相应的状语从句可以代替。替。判断原则是判断原则是:主句已有主谓宾，再出现主句已有主谓宾，再出现动词且又无动词且又无_连接，即连接，即是是_,主动用主动用_;被动用被动用_;未发生未发生/目的用目的用_.1.She sat at the desk _a newspaper.=She was sitting at the desk and _ a newspaper.(read)and/or/but/so非谓语非谓语-ingdonetodoreadingread8 2.Many people come to the theme parks _(look)for thrills and entertainment.3.Theme parks try to make sure visitors leave _(know)more about their theme.4.A second Disneyland was opened on the east coast,_(cost)between$500 and$600 million.5.They walked on the way home,_(sing)and laughing.lookingknowingcostingTimepermitting9n注意：五特殊：(1)“连词+v-ing形式”作状语nwhile,when,before,although,unless等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语主语与主句的主语一致时，在简化为v-ing形式作状语时，通常可保留原连词原连词，形成“_”结构,从句主语必须_。如：nAlthoughwehavenothingtodohere,wecantleavehere.n=_nothingtodohere,wecantleavehere.n1.Whentheyheardthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.=_thenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.n2.Whenitsawitsmother,thebabysmiled.n=_itsmother,itsmiled.连词连词+v-ing去掉去掉AlthoughhavingWhenhearingWhenseeing10典型例题典型例题_ridingabikehefelldowntotheground.A.AsB.WhileC.AssoonasD.Immediately析：析：B。分析语境逻辑可知跌到在地的动作发生在骑自。分析语境逻辑可知跌到在地的动作发生在骑自行车的过程中，因此应用行车的过程中，因此应用While方法揭秘方法揭秘分析分析ing形式动作与形式动作与谓语动词动作发生顺序，谓语动词动作发生顺序，从而确定前面是否加从而确定前面是否加when/while。11(2)若作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，若作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，在简化为在简化为v-ing形式作状语时，要去掉形式作状语时，要去掉_，分词就要，分词就要带上自己的带上自己的_,构成构成_。nWhenthemeetingwasover,wealldrovehome.nn=_,overwealldrovehome.nIftimepermits,Iwillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.n=_,IwillattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrownWhileyouarecrossingthestreet,youmustbecareful.nWhile_,youmustbecareful.原连词原连词逻辑主语逻辑主语/原从句原从句独立主格结构独立主格结构/n+非谓语非谓语（doing/done/todo）主句主语是主句主语是_从句主语是从句主语是_.ThemeetingbeingTimepermitting主句主语是主句主语是_从句主语是从句主语是_.crossingthestreet12True or false:nWhen his homework had been finished,he went home.n=When his homework having been finished,he went home.()n=His homework having been finished,he went home.()主句主语是主句主语是_从句主语是从句主语是_.FT13相关练习：相关练习：1.Night_,wehurriedhome.A.fallsB.fallC.fellD.falling命题目的：命题目的：本题考查分词用法。本题考查分词用法。解题关键：解题关键：掌握分词掌握分词做状语的用法。做状语的用法。深度讲解：分词做状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主深度讲解：分词做状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，否则就必须在分词的前面另加分词的主语（名词语，否则就必须在分词的前面另加分词的主语（名词或主格代词），这种结构叫独立主格结构。其作用相或主格代词），这种结构叫独立主格结构。其作用相当于状语从句当于状语从句:Asnightfell,wehurriedhome.也可用并也可用并列句表示：列句表示：Nightfell,sowehurriedhome.2.Nobody _ any more to say,the meeting was closed.A.having B.have C.had D.has 14典型例题典型例题1.The moon _,we came to the foot of the mountain.A.appeared B.appears C.appearing D.appear析：析：C。该句意为：月亮出来时，我们在山脚下。该句意为：月亮出来时，我们在山脚下。Appearing和和themoon构成独立主格结构作时间状语。构成独立主格结构作时间状语。15(3)“on/upon+v-ing形式形式”作状语作状语,译为译为_.Onarrivingattheparty,shefoundallthepeoplegone=Whenshearrivedattheparty,shefoundallthepeoplegone.nOn/uponarrivingattheairport,weallwerewelcomedwarmlynOngoingintothekitchen,Iturnedonthelight.n=_intothekitchen,Iturnedonthelight.nOnseeingthesnake,thegirlwasveryfrightened.n=_thesnake,shewasveryfrightened.一到飞机场，我们所有人受到热烈欢迎一到飞机场，我们所有人受到热烈欢迎一干一干就就一走进厨房，我就开灯。一走进厨房，我就开灯。Assoonas/WhenIwentTranslateit.Translateit.n一看到那条蛇，小女孩就十分害怕。一看到那条蛇，小女孩就十分害怕。nAssoonasthegirlsaw16(4)“副词副词thus+v-ing形式形式”作状语。作状语。Mycarwascaughtinatrafficjam,thuscausingthedelay.n(5)固定结构：固定结构：nJudgingfromhisappearance,hemustbeveryrich.nGenerallyspeaking,hisanswerisright.译为译为_.就这样干就这样干Translateit.我的车被陷于交通阻塞中我的车被陷于交通阻塞中,就这样造成迟到就这样造成迟到从他的外貌判断从他的外貌判断，他一定是很富有。总的来说，他的答案是对的。总的来说，他的答案是对的。17neverythingtakenintoconsideration全面考虑。全面考虑。tiredof.厌倦厌倦armedwith.武装上武装上nfacedwith.面对着面对着equippedwith.装备着装备着lostin陷入陷入.之中之中exposedto暴露在暴露在之中之中comparedwith和和比比comparedto把把比比(bedone结构作结构作谓语谓语)seatedin.dressedinnConsidering(that)考考supposing(that)如如果果generallyspeaking一般说来一般说来franklyspeaking坦白说坦白说nJudgingfrom从从判断判断talkingof说到说到Concerningsettingaside.开开nComingto谈到谈到allowingfor.考虑到考虑到18【4个重点归纳】n1.现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句现在分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。子的主语一致。nOpeningthewindow,abutterflyflewintomystudy.()nOpeningthewindow,Isawabutterflyflyingintomystudy.()强调强调doing与与逻辑主语逻辑主语是主动是主动关系，关系，动作与谓语动作与谓语同时进行同时进行Opening的逻辑的逻辑主语是主语是_它能发出此它能发出此动作吗？能的话，是主动关系。动作吗？能的话，是主动关系。X19典型例题典型例题1.Finding her car stolen,_.A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searched thoroughly C.it was looked for everywhere D.she hurried to a policeman for help析：分析语境逻辑不难发现析：分析语境逻辑不难发现Findinghercarstolen的动的动作应由作应由“她她”来完成，所以答案应为来完成，所以答案应为D。本题说明。本题说明-ing形形式做作状语时应注意人称、时态、和语态的一致性。式做作状语时应注意人称、时态、和语态的一致性。202._ his key,he couldnt enter the room.A.Having lost B.Losing C.To loss D.Lost析：分析语境逻辑可知丢钥匙动作应发生在进房间的析：分析语境逻辑可知丢钥匙动作应发生在进房间的动作之前，所以该空应选动作之前，所以该空应选B。本题说明。本题说明-ing形式作状形式作状语时应注意时态的一致性。语时应注意时态的一致性。方法揭秘方法揭秘解题解题时应牢记时应牢记-ing形式作状语时其逻辑主形式作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语，确保句子的主语在人称、时态、语语是句子的主语，确保句子的主语在人称、时态、语态等逻辑角度完成态等逻辑角度完成-ing形式所表示的动作。形式所表示的动作。212.现在分词的时态现在分词的时态现在分词有一般式现在分词有一般式(_)和完成式和完成式(_)之分；现在分词的完成式表示分词动作发生在之分；现在分词的完成式表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前。如：谓语动作之前。如：n_ in the queue for half an hour,the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car.(2008福建)A.Waiting B.To wait C.Having waited D.To have waiteddoing.havingdoneC223.现在分词的语态现在分词的语态n现在分词一般式的被动语态现在分词一般式的被动语态(_)表示某被动动作表示某被动动作正在进行正在进行；现在分词完成式的被动语态；现在分词完成式的被动语态(_)表示某被动动作发生在谓语动作之表示某被动动作发生在谓语动作之前前n。_manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.（2009四川）四川）A.ToldB.TellingnC.HavingtoldD.Havingbeentoldn4.现在分词的否定式现在分词的否定式:现在分词的否定形式是由现在分词的否定形式是由not+doing构成的。如：构成的。如：n_thathewasingreatdanger,Ericwalkeddeeperintotheforest.(2008浙江浙江)nA.NotrealizedB.NottorealizeC.NotrealizingD.NottohaverealizedbeingdonehavingbeendoneDChavingbeendone23nCorrectthefollowingsentences.n1.Havingnotseenthefilm,IcanttellyouwhatIthinkofit.n2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.n3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.Nothaving现在分词的否定形式是由现在分词的否定形式是由not+doing构成构成working，作定语，主动，作定语，主动seeing，作时间状语，当，作时间状语，当看，表主动看，表主动24n4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.n5.“Cantyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.n6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.n7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.speaking固定搭配固定搭配pointing-ing形式作方式状语或伴随状语形式作方式状语或伴随状语,与逻主主动关系与逻主主动关系Knock是主句谓语，用动词原形开头构成祈使句，是主句谓语，用动词原形开头构成祈使句，Youmaking作结果状语，结果使得作结果状语，结果使得25用所给词的正确形式填空n1.Itseemedthatheavoinded_(get)toocloseher.n2.Readingis_,butspeakingthelanguageisalsoakindof_learn)n3.Thenewsthatthechineseteamwonthegoldmedalwasvery_(encourage)n4.Itisclearthatyour_Englishwillbegratelyimprovedifyoucanpractise_wheneveryoucan.(speak)n5.Isawthem-_(whisper)toeachother;obviouslytheydonotwanttobeheardbyothers.gettinglearninglearningencouragingspokenspeakingwhispering作宾语作宾语作表语作表语作宾语作宾语作宾语作宾语作定语作定语作表语作表语作宾语补足语作宾语补足语26n6Icountedthepeople_(enter)thetheatre,andtherewere547ofthem.n7.Themanwithsunglasses_(stand)nexttothecarisadetective.n8_be)ill,hedidnottakepartinthesportsmeeting.n9_(drive)hiscararoundishismainhobby.n10._(know)shehadgotinjured,hehurriedtothehospitaltoseeher.havingentered作定语作定语standing作定语作定语Beingill作原因状语作原因状语Driving作主语作主语Knowing作时间状语作时间状语2728291.The secretary worked late into the night,_a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing 2.The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks,_ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.having added B.to add C.adding D.added 3.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 4._ up at his father,he asked what was the matter with him.A.Having looked B.Looking C.To look D.Look 305._ from his clothes,he is not so poor.A.Judged B.Judging C.To judge D.Judge 6._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered 31-ing形式作状语考点及应对方法形式作状语考点及应对方法 -ing形式作状语是非谓语动词重要用法，也是形式作状语是非谓语动词重要用法，也是高考经常考查的考点，其热点考查内容如下：高考经常考查的考点，其热点考查内容如下：一、考查一、考查-ing形式作状语的类型形式作状语的类型考点说明考点说明-ing形式常作时间、原因、结果、或伴随状形式常作时间、原因、结果、或伴随状语，可放句首或句末。语，可放句首或句末。典型例题典型例题1.European football is played in 80 countries,_ it the most popular sport in the world.A.making B.makes C.made D.to make 析：分析语境逻辑可知该空应填析：分析语境逻辑可知该空应填making作状语，空档作状语，空档前面的逗号是个验证。前面的逗号是个验证。322.The secretary worked late into the night,_a long speech for the president.A.to prepare B.preparing C.prepared D.was preparing析：语境逻辑表明为董事长准备一篇长篇讲稿析：语境逻辑表明为董事长准备一篇长篇讲稿是秘书工作到深夜的伴随性状况，所以应是秘书工作到深夜的伴随性状况，所以应B作伴作伴随状语。随状语。方法揭秘方法揭秘分析语境逻辑，弄清空档是否作时间、分析语境逻辑，弄清空档是否作时间、原因或伴随状语，从而确定空档的非谓语性质；原因或伴随状语，从而确定空档的非谓语性质；分析动作是主动还是被动，从而确定空档的分析动作是主动还是被动，从而确定空档的-ing形式的语态；空档设置在句子后半部时逗号是形式的语态；空档设置在句子后半部时逗号是一个重要的提示。一个重要的提示。33二、考查二、考查-ing形式作状语与逻辑主语之间的关系形式作状语与逻辑主语之间的关系考点说明考点说明-ing形式作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主形式作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语，此时应注意人称、时态、和语态的一致性。语，此时应注意人称、时态、和语态的一致性。典型例题典型例题1.Finding her car stolen,_.A.a policeman was asked to help B.the area was searched thoroughly C.it was looked for everywhere D.she hurried to a policeman for help析：分析语境逻辑不难发现析：分析语境逻辑不难发现Findinghercarstolen的动的动作应由作应由“她她”来完成，所以答案应为来完成，所以答案应为D。本题说明。本题说明-ing形形式做作状语时应注意人称、时态、和语态的一致性。式做作状语时应注意人称、时态、和语态的一致性。342._ his key,he couldnt enter the room.A.Having lost B.Losing C.To loss D.Lost析：分析语境逻辑可知丢钥匙动作应发生在进房间的析：分析语境逻辑可知丢钥匙动作应发生在进房间的动作之前，所以该空应选动作之前，所以该空应选B。本题说明。本题说明-ing形式作状形式作状语时应注意时态的一致性。语时应注意时态的一致性。方法揭秘方法揭秘解题解题时应牢记时应牢记-ing形式作状语时其逻辑主形式作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语，确保句子的主语在人称、时态、语语是句子的主语，确保句子的主语在人称、时态、语态等逻辑角度完成态等逻辑角度完成-ing形式所表示的动作。形式所表示的动作。三、考查三、考查-ing形式作状语的创新形式形式作状语的创新形式考点说明考点说明名词、代词名词、代词+-ing形式可构成独立主格结构形式可构成独立主格结构作作时间、条件、原因、或伴随状语，此时时间、条件、原因、或伴随状语，此时-ing形式的形式的逻辑主语为前面的名词或代词。逻辑主语为前面的名词或代词。（一）（一）-ing形式独立主格结构作形式独立主格结构作状语状语35典型例题典型例题1.The moon _,we came to the foot of the mountain.A.appeared B.appears C.appearing D.appear析：析：C。该句意为：月亮出来时，我们在山脚下。该句意为：月亮出来时，我们在山脚下。Appearing和和themoon构成独立主格结构作时间状语。构成独立主格结构作时间状语。典型例题典型例题1.Themoon_,wecametothefootofthemountain.A.appearedB.appearsC.appearingD.appear析：析：A。该句意为：如果天气允许，我们今天下午去该句意为：如果天气允许，我们今天下午去游泳。游泳。permitting 与其逻辑主语与其逻辑主语weather构成独构成独立主格结构作条件状语。立主格结构作条件状语。36方法揭秘方法揭秘解题解题时应牢记时应牢记-ing形式独立主格结构作形式独立主格结构作状语状语与与-ing形式作状语用法完全相同，只不过独立主格结构形式作状语用法完全相同，只不过独立主格结构中中-ing形式逻辑主语为前面的名词或代词。而形式逻辑主语为前面的名词或代词。而-ing形式形式作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语。作状语时其逻辑主语是句子的主语。（二）考查（二）考查when/while+-ing形式作形式作时间状语时间状语考点说明考点说明when/while+-ing形式可作形式可作时间状语，谓时间状语，谓语动词动作常发生在语动词动作常发生在-ing形式所表示的动作的过程中。形式所表示的动作的过程中。典型例题典型例题_ridingabikehefelldowntotheground.A.AsB.WhileC.AssoonasD.Immediately析：析：B。分析语境逻辑可知跌到在地的动作发生在骑自。分析语境逻辑可知跌到在地的动作发生在骑自行车的过程中，因此应用行车的过程中，因此应用While方法揭秘方法揭秘分析分析ing形式动作与形式动作与谓语动词动作发生顺序，谓语动词动作发生顺序，从而确定前面是否加从而确定前面是否加when/while。37（三）考查（三）考查on/upon+-ing形式作形式作时间状语时间状语考点说明考点说明on/upon+-ing形式作形式作时间状语，时间状语，-ing形式形式所表示的动作与所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。谓语动词动作同时发生。典型例题典型例题_myarrivinginBeijing,Illwritetoyou.A.InB.AtC.OnD.With析：析：C.语境逻辑制约该空表语境逻辑制约该空表“一一就就”应填应填On方法揭秘方法揭秘分析分析ing形式所表示的动作与形式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作谓语动词动作是否同时发生从而确定前面是否加是否同时发生从而确定前面是否加onon/upon38相关练习：相关练习：1.Night_,wehurriedhome.A.fallsB.fallC.fellD.falling命题目的：命题目的：本题考查分词用法。本题考查分词用法。解题关键：解题关键：掌握分词掌握分词做状语的用法。做状语的用法。深度讲解：分词做状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主深度讲解：分词做状语，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，否则就必须在分词的前面另加分词的主语（名词语，否则就必须在分词的前面另加分词的主语（名词或主格代词），这种结构叫独立主格结构。其作用相或主格代词），这种结构叫独立主格结构。其作用相当于状语从句当于状语从句:Asnightfell,wehurriedhome.也可用并也可用并列句表示：列句表示：Nightfell,sowehurriedhome.2.Nobody _ any more to say,the meeting was closed.A.having B.have C.had D.has 393._,Mary had to ask for leave to tend her.A.Her mother was ill B.Her mother to be ill C.Her mother being ill D.Being 4.There was a terrible noise_ the sudden burst of light.A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being following5.The trainer stood there,_ by the boys.A.surrounded B.surrounding C.to be surrounded D.being surrounding6.Last night I followed him here,and climbed in_.A.with a sword in my hand B.a sword in my hand C.a sword in my hand D.with sword in the hand40