2023年大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参考答案.doc

大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参照答案Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 选择职业是一种人要面对旳众多难题之一。2. 需要花时间去选择职业。3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求提议和协助。Choosing an OccupationPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices markedA,B,Cand D. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, its all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the nextcentury.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. He fears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the worlds projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two-thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live.In fact, the worlds population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwaterabout the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “there will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.”Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.The SourceWhere do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 million people a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen-rich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.Whats the Solution?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than 1 billion people worldwide dont have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyonegovernments and ordinary peopleto make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.”1.What caused the Aral Sea to shrink?AThe rivers flowing into it have been diverted.BFarmers used its water to irrigate their farmland.CGovernment planners over-pumped its water.DHigh temperature made its water badly evaporate.2.The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects .Adoes more good than harmBsolves more problems than what they createdCdoes more harm than goodDbrings more water to people than expected3.The chief causes of water shortage include .Apopulation growth and water wasteBwater pollution and dry weatherCwater waste and pollutionDpopulation growth and water pollution4.Americans could suffer from greatly serious water shortages?Aliving in rich areasBliving in big cities but poor conditionCdepending on groundwaterDbearing high standards of safe drinking water in mind5.What is the main pollutant in developed countries?AUntreated toxic chemicals from manufacturers.BRaw sewage into rivers and streams.CHerbicides and pesticides used by farmers.DHousehold cleaners poured down the drain.6.How does algae make threats to life of a body of water?ABy covering the whole surface of the water.BBy competitively using oxygen life in water needs.CBy living more rapidly than other life in water .DBy releasing hazardous chemicals into water.7.According to Gleick, who should be responsible for solving water-related problems?Agovernment and housewives.Bfarmers and manufacturers.Cordinary people and manufacturers.Dgovernment and every person.8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the worlds people will suffer from water shortages.9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A,B,CandD, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.AWait for the sale to start.BGet further information about the sale.CCall the TV station to be sure if the ad is true.DBuy a new suit.12.AHe doesnt think that John is ill.BHe thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health.CHe is aware that John is ill.DHe doesnt think that John has a very good knowledge of physics.13.ABefore six.BAt six.CAfter six.DAfter seven.14.AIt is bigger.BIt has a prettier color.CIt has a larger yard.DIt is brighter.15.AAustralian and American.BGuest and host.CHusband and wife.DProfessor and student.16.A130.B1100.C930.D1000.17.AHe prefers staying at home because the bus is too late.BHe prefers staying at home because he doesnt like to travel.CHe prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.DHe prefers traveling with the woman.18.AHe thinks she should visit her cousin.BHer cousin doesnt visit very often.CHer cousin is feeling a lot better today.DHe doesnt think her cousin has been at home today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.ATwo different types of bones in the human body.BHow bones help the body move.CHow bones continuously repair themselves.DThe chemical composition of human bones.20.AThey defend the bone against viruses.BThey prevent oxygen from entering the bone.CThey break down bone tissue.DThey connect the bone to muscle tissue.21.AThey have difficulty identifying these cells.BThey arent sure how these cells work.CTheyve learned how to reproduce these cells.DTheyve found similar cells in other species.22.ATo learn how to prevent a bone disease.BTo understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.CTo find out how specialized bone cells have evolved.DTo create artificial bone tissue.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.AA new fuel for buses.BThe causes of air pollution.CA way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.DCareers in environmental engineering.24.AHer car is being repaired.BShe wants to help reduce pollution.CParking is difficult in the city.DThe cost of fuel has increased.25.AA fuel that burns cleanly.BAn oil additive that helps cool engines.CA material from which filters are made.DAn insulating material sprayed on engine partsSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, Cand D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.AFrom three to five months.BThree months.CFive months.DFour months.27.AWatch traffic.BObey commands.CCross streets safely.DGuard the door.28.AThree weeks. BTwo weeks.CFour weeks. DFive weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.ATwo to four times.BFour to six times.CFour to eight times.DSix to ten times.30.ASleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.BPeople had more dreams after they took sleeping pills.CPeople became angry easily because they didnt take sleeping pills.DSleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.31.APeople dream so as to sleep better.BPeople dream in order not to go into REM sleep.CBecause they may run into difficult problems in their dreams.DBecause in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.AA sales representative.BA store manager.CA committee chairperson.DA class president.33.ATo determine who will graduate this year.BTo discuss the seating arrangement.CTo choose the chairperson of the ceremonies.DTo begin planning the graduation ceremonies.34.ATheir names, phone numbers and job preference.BThe names and addresses of their guests.CThe names of the committee they worked on last year.DTheir dormitory name, address and phone number.35.AIn an hour.BNext week.CIn one month.DNext year.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the English (36)system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is (37) at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38)or (39) shown on the eleven-plus would have (40)if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in (41) schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are (42)for the Ordinary (43)of the General Certificate of Education. (44). Once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45). Evenat the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46).Part Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use