2023年西安交通大学考博英语真题精华.doc

英语基础词汇汇编（精髓版）
Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.
cross out   wipe out  desert/forsake/ leave / depart  / discard / relinquish /
 surrender  /withdraw 
abide We have to abide by the rules of the game.  (abide  observe  discover  adapt)
Her fame will abide for sure.  Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stay
You have to keep ______ with the times. 
Abreast/ fit in with
absorb  He was absorbed in a book and didn t hear you call.
engage/occupy/bend over/ be busy with
abundant/rich  The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and game
access  In many schools, students don t have sufficient access to the library.
Way/approach/solution/answer/
Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at hand
His words are never in _____ with his deeds.  (situation   accordance   according   fit)
I m in agreement with Mr. Moore.  in agreement with/ be compatible with /comply with /conform  to/be in proportion to
account  He asked no one s advice; he did it on his own account  independently
You have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respect/mind
Give us an account of what happened.  Story/reason/information/description/tale/statement
He has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe  tell  relate  answer
 for  say  explain   explicate)
acquire   to acquire a good knowledge of English.  Attain/obtain/gain/earn/secure
active  He is very active in politics.  
Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiastic
adapt  To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.
Adjust/accommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fit
accustom  She is ______to living in comfort.  (accustomed/used   addict  be familiar with)
admit  It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays. 
(allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/confess/ acknowledge/adopt)
adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs.
enough/sufficient/satisfactory/plenty/ample
advantage  The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money.
Benefit/gain/upper hand  interest/profit/harvest/crop/earnings/returns
Aim  His aim is to win the game. 
Purpose/intention/goal/end/target/objective/motive/destination
Amass  He amassed a great fortune in twenty years. 
Accumulate/assemble/gather/increase/collect/compile/heap up/store up
Mass/bulk/quantity/load/amount/volume/accumulation/pile/heap/crowd/multitude/pack/gang
Figure/digit/measure
ambitious  These young men were ambitious for success and money.
Eager for/longing for/ hopeful for/wish for/crave for/be set on/be bent on/be
intent upon
amount  His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds. 
Add up to/approximate/total/sum up 
The future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money.
sum/measure/quantity/price/value
angle  Try looking at this affair from a different angle. aspect/view/point of
 view/opinion/belief/attitude/impression/notion/idea/thought/conception/judgment/theory/outlook
announce  He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board.
Proclaim/broadcast/report/state/declare/notify/tell/make known
anticipate  A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.
expect/ look forward to/await/foresee/hope for
anything but The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at all
The apparent things might not tell of the truth.
apparent obvious seeming evident clear plain
apart  Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking. 
Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.
Except for / other than /but / but for / besides/moreover/also/too/as well/in
addition
He was appointed member of the
Name/elect/nominate/choose/assign/vote for
appeal  I appeal to him for help.  implore/plead/beg
apply  Please apply to the secretary for further information.
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.
approve  Many people don t approve of the plan. disapprove
like/prefer/endorse/accept/think well of
arise The company s losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes.

Rise raise rouse arouse arise
Originate/ derive/stem/ flow/come/emerge/appear/show up/turn up   from
artificial/artistic Her painting is a great artistic creation.
ashamed/shameful embarrassed/embarrassing frustrated/frustrating  humiliated/humiliating
Ashamed of having acted so rashly, David apologized to Amy for having accused
him.
acquaint  I m sure Betsy is the girl whom you will be glad to get acquainted w
ith.associate/link / touch / join / unite / combine / connect /go with / run with
/mingle with / relate  
I assume that success is a sum of mistakes.
Assume  think  suppose  presume  suspect  understand  take for granted 
assure  I can assure you of my support. 
confirm  assure   ensure   insure  convince  guarantee  pledge  promise 
You’ve got to attain the mastery of at least on foreign language.
Attain  gain  accomplish  finish  fulfill  realize   complete
attribute  Jim attributes his success to hard work.  owe  ascribe 
avoid  You should avoid driving in the center of the town during the rush hour
.
Avoid  shun  escape  evade  keep away from 
The government has banned the used of chemical weapons.
Bar prohibit  exclude  forbid  shut out  block   obstruct
bargain  The dress is quite a bargain.  bargain  sale 
basis  On the basis of our sales forecasts we may begin to make a profit next
year.
China has been following the foreign policy to develop relations with other co
untries on the basis of the five principles of peaceful co-
ground   foundation
Scientists say it may be five or ten years before it is possible to test this
medicine on human patients. 
As soon as  before   the second   the minute  the moment 
You can’t blame all this on me.
He is the last one to blame for the accident.
Charge/accuse/indict/censure/criticize/condemn
board  He paid 40 pounds for board and lodging.  food /meals
board/ committee/ staff/ faculty/ crew/
boast  You should not boast of your success. Brag /show off
boom  Production boomed.
Progress/increase/advance/thrive/gain/speed up/grow/swell/flourish/develop/pro
sper
brief  It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No".  short
We are bound for London.   Head  make 
The weather is bound to get better tomorrow.   Likely  going to
There are no bounds to his ambition.  Limit confine restriction
call  This situation¬¬¬¬_____________ for prompt action.   (ca
lls in  calls at  calls on  calls for)
They have called off their engagement.
She was calm when I told her of the terrible news.
Quiet/still/tranquil/serene/peaceful
We should not doubt his capability.
Capability/ability/skill/power/talent/capacity/competency/efficiency
Before you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good
 friends.
Career job vocation trade calling work profession occupation
There is no reason why we should not carry on with it.
Carry on  go on  keep on  continue  work on  be under way  be in process
case  In any case I shall return in a day or two.  If even if  for fear  on co
ndition
center  She centered her attention on the problem.
Focus  concentrate  fix 
charge The charge against him was severe.  n
Sentence/ accusation/ persecution/ guilty/trial/ condemnation/indict /judgment

Since the situation is changing, let’s take some _____ measures to deal with
it.
flexible   changeable   changing 
If I had the choice, I would retire at thirty.
Selection/preference/option/alternative
No one came to claim for the horse, so the farmer decided to sell it.
cling  She clung to the hope that he was still alive. 
Stick  adhere    hold  grasp   keep
close The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthe
m（国歌）.
Listen and look closely, you’ll find it out.
A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with t
heir creativity.
Tip  information  news  wind  message  clue  evidence  sign  proof  key
combine  Hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water. 
blend  mix   mingle  fuse  unite  couple  join
comment  I m afraid I can t comment on your work just yet.  Remark  
criticism  judgment  decision  evaluation  criterion  standard   remark  
commit  I cannot commit myself to any further expense; my means are stretched
to the utmost as it is.   Devote  dedicate 
Compare this with that, and you will see which is the better.  Contrast
Poets have compared sleep to death.
She is lovely beyond compare.
comparison  This one costs more but is really cheaper by comparison.
I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year.
Comparable/comparative
compel  We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.
Force  oblige  urge  require  drive  press  work hard on   push  prompt
He has formed a good habit.
Form/create/shape/develop/mold/compose/construct/design/devise/frame/arrange/b
uild
Assemble/manufacture/produce
Next year, Susan has to take three compulsory courses.  Required
compose The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.
Consist of/ be made up of  / contain / include/hold/cover/comprise
comprehensive /Comprehensible
She has a comprehensive grasp of the subject. 

conscious  She was not conscious of his presence in the room.   Aware
Considerate/considerable  It was very considerate of you to send me a Christma
s card.
Difference between them:
Considerate/thoughtful/kind/sympathetic
Considerable/much/important/great/significant/powerful
contend  I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.
Argue/struggle/fight/quarrel
Our journey was slow because the train stopped continually at different villag
es.
continuously vs continually

convey  Words cannot convey how delighted I am.   express
cope  Poor Mary！  She has so much to cope with. 
deal with  live with  be put up with  tolerate  endure   bear   stand   be fed
 up with 
handle  treat 
correspond  This word in the English version corresponds to that phrase in the
 French one.
count   Her opinion counts because of her experience. 
Matter  be of importance  significant  have the last word
Don’t count on a salary increase this year.
believe  depended  count   confide  rely  depend  bank
critical  If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, you
 wouldn t be so critical of its spending reductions.  Expenditure
Crucial  urgent  pressing  decisive
Ironic  faultfinding  picky  fastidious   sarcastic

cure  This medicine should cure you of your cold.
Remind  relieve  inform  deprive  rob   break  
It is not my custom to give in. Custom  habit  use  practice  manner  way  pat
tern  tendency  fashion  routine  nature
The damage to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.
destruction damage  harm  ruin  injury  bruise  impact  spoil  wrong pain agon
y distress
grieve /hurt / impair/ abuse /plague/ epidemic/debris/trash/junk/rubbish
decline  Steel production has been on the decline in these countries. 
Diminish  decrease  fall  drop  dip  sink  reduce
deep   They dived deep into the ocean.
She was deeply interested in classical music.
degree  She has also affected but to a lesser degree. Extent
deem They deemed him innocent but failed to understand why he was lying.
think/believe/consider/judge/assume/suppose/regard/ponder/contemplate/study/re
flect/think over
A good mastery of English demands patience and enthusiasm.
Demand/require/call for
deny  They denied her the opportunity to see her father.
refuse  decline   rejects  turn down  say no  to
die  She died of an illness; and he died a beggar.
The storms are dying down.
The noise of the car died away in the distance.
The members of the family had all died off.
This species has died out.
Can you describe what he looks like?
Describe/portray/illustrate/picture/characterize/represent/define/tell
They were determined that he make a big fortune in his forties.
Convinced/firm/sure/certain/resolute/serious
She was in his eyes a devoted mother.
Devoted/earnest/hearty/sincere/serious/zealous
The sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea.
Discharge/discard / cast way / do away with / dispose of / abandon / forsake /
 desert / give away/
throw away/cast off/get rid of
display  We were amazed by the rich variety of commodities on display.
Her writings display natural talents. 
Exhibit  show  indicate  specify  illustrate  demonstrate  expose  present
  distinct  Mice are distinct form rats.
Different/unlike/varied/opposite/contrary/reverse/dissimilar
Long sentences are distinctive of Henry James’s later style.
Characteristic  explicit  definite  candid   unmistakable  expressive   direct

The light is so dim that I cannot distinguish one object from another.
distinguish  tell  separate  divide 
He is one of the most distinguished scholars in this field.
Distinguished/outstanding/famous/well-known/noted/popular/celebrated/honored/r
ecognized
/prominent/important/superior
In the dark I could only discern the outline of the building.
Discern/see/make out/observe/perceive/recognize/know/understand/detect/spot/sp
y/behold
diverse  There are people from diverse cultures at the party.  different  vari
ous  comprehensive
He refused to disclose his name and address.
Disclose/uncover/reveal/show/expose/betray
They drew up the contract and presented it to the management.
The train drew in/into the station.  pull
draw  pull  drag  push  heave  lift  haul 
draw  crawl  creep  linger on  drag  near  be oncoming/ongoing
She drove her car into the forest.
Drive/steer/direct/conduct/handle/manage/run/work/operate/ride
Don’t discourage her; she is doing her best.  Vs encourage
Discourage/prevent/hinder/disapprove/keep from/try to stop
The shoes are expensive but durable.
Durable/long-lasting/enduring/permanent/endless/solid/strong
It is your duty to go.
Duty/work/job/chore/assignment/charge/function/obligation/responsibility/offic
e/role
business/job/vocation/occupation/task/assignment/position/labor/industry/emplo
yment/effort
He is living an easy life now.   comfortable
It is an economy to buy good shoes: they cost more, but they last much longer
than cheap ones.
economic/economical/economy

He went to a very good elementary school.
elementary/fundamental/basic/primary/essential/simple/beginning/introductory/i
nitial/primitive
Since 1975 the forty hour work week has been in effect.
The acid has no effect on the metal.
The new regulation does not go into effect until the first of March.
A sentence of ten years  imprisonment on a person of eighty is in effect a lif
e sentence.
He is not likely to give effect to his threat.
effect  force  power  practice 
She encouraged him to take this examination.
Encourage/support/back up/urge/promote/sponsor/cheer/inspire
end  Some plays are so successful that they run for y