2023年职称英语考试真题及答案.doc

2023职称英语考试真题及答案

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第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近旳选项。

　　1、Have you talked to her?lately?
　　A.lastly
　　B.finally
　　C.shortly
　　D.recently
　　2、 About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories.
　　A.third
　　B.fourth
　　C.tenth
　　D.fifteenth
　　3、 The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth.
　　A.take out
　　B.repair
　　C.push in
　　D.dig
　　4、 We shall keep the money in a?secure?place.
　　A.clean
　　B.secret
　　C.distant
　　D.safe
　　5、 This table is strong and?durable.
　　A.long-lasting
　　B.extensive
　　C.far reaching
　　D.eternal
　　6、 He endured agonies before he finally?expired.
　　A.fired
　　B.resigned
　　C.died
　　D.retreated
　　7、 There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt.
　　A.result
　　B.judgement
　　C.estimation
　　D.event
　　8、 The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that city
　　A.attacked
　　B.surprised
　　C.attracted
　　D.interested
　　9、 How do you?account for?your absence from the class last Thursday?
　　A.explain
　　B.examine
　　C.choose
　　D.expand
　　10、 She was?grateful?to him for being so good to her.
　　A.careful
　　B.hateful
　　C.beautiful
　　D.thankful
　　11、 The city has decided to?do away with?all the old buildings in its center.
　　A.get rid of
　　B.set up
　　C.repair
　　D.paint
　　12、 People from many places were?drawn?to the city by its growing economy.
　　A.fetched
　　B.carried
　　C.attracted
　　D.pushed
　　13、 He is?certain?that the dictionary is just what I want.
　　A.sure
　　B.angry
　　C.doubtful
　　D.worried
　　14、 Our lives are?intimately?bound up with theirs.
　　A.tensely
　　B.nearly
　　C.carefully
　　D.closely
　　15、 The soldier?displayed?remarkable courage in the battle.
　　A.placed
　　B.showed
　　C.pointed
D.decided

第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A;假如该句提供旳是错误信患，请选择B;假如该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

回答16-22题：
Easy Learning
　　Students should be jealous.Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they’ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep.
　　By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words.Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake.
　　To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives.They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds—one that sounds like “oo”, another like “ee” and a third boundary vowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between.EEG recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showed that the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.
　　Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups.One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.
　　When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who’d heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound.They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.
　　Cheour doesn’t know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don’t “turn off” their cerebral cortex while they sleep.The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds—so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow.But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.
　　Babies can learn language even in their sleep.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　17、 An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　18、 Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　19、 The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　20、 The study shows that the infant’s cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　21、 If an adult wants to learn a language faster.he can put a language tape under his pillow.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　22、 Cheour’s finding is worthless.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
C.Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

回答23-30题：
Screen Test
　　Every year millions of women are screened with X-rays to pick up signs of breast cancer.If this happens early ecough, the disease can often be treated successfully.According to a survey published last year, 21 countries have screening programmes.Nine of them, including Australia, Canada, the US and Spain, screen women under 50.
　　But the medical benefit of screening these younger women are controversial, partly because the radiation brings a small risk of inducing cancer.Also, younger women must be given higher doses of X-rays because their breast tissue is denser.
　　Researchers at the Polytechnic University of Valencia analysed the effect of screening more than 160,000 women at 11 local clinics.After estimating the women’s cumulative dose of radiation, they used two models to calculate the number of extra cancers this would cause.
　　The mathematical model recommended by Britain’s National Radiological Protection Board (NRPB) predicted that the screening programme would cause 36 cancers per 100,000 women, 18 of them fatal.The model preferred by the UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation led, to a lower figure of 20 cancers.
　　The researchers argue that the level of radiation-induced cancers is “not very significant” compared to the far larger number of cancers that are discovered and treated.The Valencia programme, they say, detects between 300 and 450 cases of breast cancer in every 100,000 women screened.
　　But they point out that the risk of women contracting cancer from radiation could be reduced by between 40 and 80 percent if screening began at 50 instead of 45, because they would be exposed to less radiation.The results of their study, they suggest, could help “optimise the technique” for breast cancer screening.
　　“There is a trade-off between the diagnostic benefits of breast screening and its risks.” admits Michael Clark of the NRP
　　B.But he warns that the study should be interpreted with caution.“On the basis of the current data, for every 10 cancers successfully detected and prevented there is a risk of causing one later in life.That’s why radiation exposure should be minimised in any screening programme.”
　　Paragraph 2_____
　　24、 Paragraph 3_____
　　25、 Paragraph 4_____
　　26、 Paragraph 5_____
　　A.Harm Screening May Do to a Younger Woman
　　B.Investigating the Effect of Screening
　　C.Effects Predicted by Two Different Models
　　D.Small Risk of Inducing Cancers from Radiation
　　E.Treatment of Cancers
　　F.Factors That Trigger Cancers
　　27、 Early discovery of breast cancer may_____.
　　28、 Advantages of screening women under 50 are_____.
　　29、 Delaying the age at which screening starts may_____.
　　30、 Radiation exposure should be_____.
　　A.be costly
　　B.harmful
　　C.save a life
　　D.still open to debate
　　E.reduce the risk of radiation triggering a cancer
F.reduced to the minimum

第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

回答31-45题：
Psychology of Shopping
　　People can be addicted to different things -- e.g.alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television.People who have such addition are compulsive, i.e.they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must spend money.This compulsion, like most others, is irrational- impossible to explain reasonably.For compulsive spenders who buy on credit,charge accounts are even more exciting than money.
　　In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything.Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.There is special psychology of bargain hunting.To save money, 0f course,most people search for sales, low prices and discounts pulsive bargain hunters, however,often buy things they don't need just only because they are cheap.They believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winners.Most people, experts claim,have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for things that they do and the real one.
　　Of course, it is not only scientists who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people.Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business:they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.Psychologists can often use a method called "behavior therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems.In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.
　　The word "compulsive" (Line 2, Para.1 ) probably-means__________.
　　A.necessary
　　B pulsory
　　C plicated
　　D.fearful
　　32、 According to the passage, the greatest pleasure of crazy shopping for a compulsive spender is__________.
　　A.to get things they want
　　B.to meet their strong psychological need
　　C.to spend a lot of money
　　D.to meet their basic needs
　　33、 According to the passage, compulsive bargain hunters constantly search for the lowest possible prices __________.
　　A.because they feel satisfied if they spend less moneythan others
　　B.because they have money problem
　　C.because they like to show off their success in getting things for less money
　　D.because they want to save money to help their budget
　　34、 According to the passage, which of the following is true?__________.
　　A.All people only buy things they need.
　　B.Both business people and advertisers increase sales through using psychology.
　　C.Scientists understand psychology better than business people.
　　D pulsive spenders can never get any help to solve their problems.with money.
　　35、 What does the passage mainly discuss?__________.
　　A.The use of the psychology of spending money in business.
　　B.A special psychology of bargaining.
　　C.A method to help compulsive spenders to solve the problem of money.
　　D.The psychology of money-spending habits.
　　36、回答36-50题：
　　Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies
　　In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment.What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire.In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work.Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.
　　One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it.By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future.It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan.
　　A.man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.
　　The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work.They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career.This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time.They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.
　　This marriage between the employee and the company - the consequence of lifetime employment - may explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.
　　Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.
　　A.leaves his company only when business is bad.
　　B.gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.
　　C.can work there throughout his career,
　　D.can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.
　　37、 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
　　A.Family and company interests are equally important
　　B.The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.
　　C.One's future is guaranteed through hard work.
　　D.Devotion to one's company is encouraged……
　　38、 Lifetime employment influences one's__________.
　　A.achievements at work.
　　B.performance at work.
　　C.career options.
　　D.attitude toward work.
　　39、 The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.
　　A.his marriage with the daughter of the president.
　　B.the close link between him and his company.
　　C.his willingness to work overtime.
　　D.his active participation in quality control,
　　40、 The passage mainly discusses__________.
　　A.how lifetime employment works in Japan.
　　B.what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.
　　C.what lifetime employment is.
　　D.how lifetime employment is viewed.

回答41-55题：
Dreams of Flight
　　The story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself.According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly.He and his son had been kept on an island.In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax (2) into which he stuck bird feathers.During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax.He was drowned in the sea.The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.
　　There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century
　　B.
　　C., used wings to fly.But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death.The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone.It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.
　　The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century.He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air