英语中替代的用法分析总结范文.pdf

英语中“替代”的用法分析总结 替代是一种避免重复的连接上下文的手段。在英语中主要有三种替代现象：名词性替代、动词性替代和分句性替代;同理，替代词也分为名词替代词、动词替代词和分句替代词。此外还有状语的替代。以下是小编为大家整理的“替代”的用法分析总结，希望能帮助大家提高英语水平。一、名词性替代 用名词性替代词 one(s),the same,the kind,the sort等所表示的替代现象叫做名词性替代。1.名词性替代词 例 1：His novel is a bad one for children.(one=novel)例 2：The child doesn’t like this book.Show him a more interesting one.(one=book)2.某些不定代词 在名词性替代中还可以用一些不定代词来替代。如 all,both,some,any,enough,several,none,many,much,more,(the)most,(a)few,another,the other,others,either 等。例如：I don't want any more food.I’ve had enough.3.one 和 ones 是最常见的替代词 one 的复数形式是 ones.one 和 ones 作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词，不可用来替代不可数名词。例如：1)The grey horse is stronger than the black one.2)The new design is much better than the old ones.4.名词性物主代词 mine，yours 名词性物主代词 mine,yours 等可用来代替 my+名词，your+名词等，例如：“Whose is that coat?”“It’s mine.”二、动词性替代 用动词替代词 do，do so 等所表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代。1.谓语的替代形式 do 是谓语的替代形式，有时态和人称的变化。例如：1)John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.2)Some people like a shower after they have played tennis.Peter does,for example.3)John speaks German as fluently as Mary does.2.由 do，so 等组成的复合替代形式 (1)“so+助动词+主语”。例如：“Mary will enter the university in September.”“So will Joan.”(2)“so+主语+助动词”。例如：“I’ve been to Beijing.”So you have.”注：这种结构中第二句的主语与第一句的主语是同一个人，否则应像“so+助动词+主语”的结构一样，主谓要倒装。(3)“主语+(助动词+)do+so”。例如：“Have you sent your plan to the committee?”“I did so yesterday.”(4)“主语+(助动词+)do+that”。例如：“Do you know who broke the television set?”“I heard John did that.”(5)“主语+(助动词+)do+it”。例如：“My brother said he was going to send a letter of protest to the President.”I did it last week.”注：如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示相同的看法时，则用“neither/nor+do+主语”。此时，do 不是动词替代词，而是助动词。例如：Mary didn’t like English,neither did her brother.3.to 代替整个动词不定式 当某个动词不定式词组在句子中再次出现时，我们可以只用 to 这个词，而不必重复整个动词不定式词组。例如：1)I went there because I wanted to.(=because I wanted to go there.)2)Perhaps I’ll go to Brazil this summer;I’d very much like to.3)“Are you and Gillian getting married?”We hope to.”4)I don’t dance much now,but I used to a lot.5)I think he should get a job,but you can’t force him to if he’s not ready(to).6)We’ll never leave home;he hasn’t got the courage(to).注 1：有时 to 可省略(尤其是在形容词和名词之后，见例 4、6)。在某些动词(如 try)之后也可省略 to。例如：“Can you start the car?”“Ok,I’ll try.”注 2：在 want 和 would like 之后，通常不能省略 to。然而，当 want 或 like 用于从句时(例如，在 when,if,what,as 之后)，to 常常省略。例如：1)Come when you want.2)I’ve decided to do what I like.3)Come and stay as long as you like.三、分句性替代 用分句替代词 so 或 not 替代整个分句的现象叫做分句性替代。例如：Many people believe that there will be another world war before the end of the century.My father think so,but I believe not.1.分句替代词 so 或 not 可替代 that 从句 so 可用来替代肯定的 that 从句，not 替代否定的 that从句，它们常与 I’m afraid,believe,expect,fear,guess,hope,suppose,think 等词语搭配。例如：1)“Have we got enough money?”“I think so.”2)“We’re not going to be in time.”“No,I suppose not.”2.so 与 not 可用来代替 if 后面的从句 例 1：Are you free this evening?If so,come and have a drink with us.例 2：Are you busy this afternoon?If not,I wish you would stay with me for a while.3.用 it,this,that,such 作为替代词 例 1：If you don’t work hard,you’ll regret it.(regret it=regret not working hard)例 2：He was very tired.This explains why he went to bed early.例 3：You’re trying to cut with the back of the knife;that’s a silly thing to do.例 4：I may hurt your feelings,but such(=that)was certainly not my intention.四、状语的替代 1.时间状语的替代形式主要用副词 then 例如：We saw John at eight on Monday evening.We told him then that we could be coming to the party.2.地点状语的替代形式主要用副词 here 和 there 例如：Mary is in London and John is there too.It 和 that 有时也可以用作地点状语的替代形式，这种场合的 it 和 that 在句中作主语，并可同 there 交换使用，谓语动词是联系动词。例如：They sat right in front of the stage.That/it/There was where the noise was greatest.3.方式状语的替代形式用 in that way 和 like that 例如：“She plays the piano with great concentration and with great energy.”“I’m afraid she doesn’t study like that.”-