2023年英语代词用法归纳.doc

代 词一、定义与分类代词是替代名词及起名词作用短语或句子词。代词根据其意思和使用方法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、互相代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考状况，在这九类代词中，不定代词一直是高考英语重点。人称代词，物主代词，反身代词使用方法概述这三种代词均有人称（一、二、三人称）变化、数（单、复数）变化。其中，人称代词除了这三种变化外，尚有格（主格、宾格）变化。物主代词波及两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。尤其注意：形容词性物主代词its没有对应名词性物主代词。这三种代词形式变化表如下：人称单复数主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单 数Imemyminemyself复 数weusouroursourselves第二人称单 数youyouyouryoursyourself复 数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单 数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititits无itself复 数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves二 人称代词使用方法1) 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物代词。它必要在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）与被指代名词一致。如： Tom is a boy，and he is a student.Mary is very pretty，and she likes singing.The boys are students，and they are in the room.The toy is small. It is Toms.2）人称代词句法功能A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。B) 人称代词主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。 如：I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语) She and I are good friends(主语).Neither she nor I am student. It might have been she. I saw the boys this morning.Are you sure it was they(表语)?C) 人称代词宾格在句子作动词宾语，或者介词宾语。如：I saw him at the party(宾语). I havent seen them recently.(宾语)I bought a book for them.(作介词宾语) =I bought them a book.(间接宾语)注意：a.在口语中，人称代词主格形式作表语时，常常可以用宾格替代。如：It cant be he/him. Is this Mr. Green? Yes，this is he/him.b. 在口语中，当人称代词用于than，as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时，用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均可以。如：He sings better than I/me. You know more than she/her. She is as tall as me(I am).c. 单独使用人称代词通常用宾格，虽然它充当是主语也是如此。如：“I like English.” “Me too=I like English too.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”Who did it? Them.(=They did it)一、用恰当人称代词填空：1._ismyaunt.Weoftenvisit_. ( she )2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry._isintheeastofAsia. ( its )3.Whatdayis_today?_isThursday. (its)5.Iownabluebike.Theredoneisnt_. ( I )6.Thesenewhousesaresonice._areveryexpensive.(them )7.Thefishermencaughtalotoffish,didnt_?( them )8.LingLingisagirl._studiesinaprimaryschool._brother liveswith_andhelps_with_ lessons. ( she )9.Mikeismyclassmate._isgoodatEngliush. ( his )10.Katewantsaglassofmilk.Willyoupassitto_?( she )11.Whatstheweatherliketoday?_iscloudy. ( its )三、物主代词使用方法1定义：物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语，相称于一种形容词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，相称于一种名词词组，可以单独使用，在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如：Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容词性物主代词） My sister lost her bicycle. （形容词性物主代词） Is that coffee yours or hers?(名词性物主代词)2 名词性物主代词句法功能 a. 作主语 如： May I use your pen?Yours works better. b. 作宾语 如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours. c. 作介词宾语 如：I am writing with your pen，not with mine.d. 作表语 如：My life is yours. Its yours. Its yours. 我生命属于你，属于你，属于你。3 形容词性物主代词使用方法a) 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其次序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词。如: my new bike 我新自行车 her young son 她年幼儿子b) 形容词性物主代词所修饰名词可以是单数,也可以是复数。如: my pen 我钢笔 his books 她书c) 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它背面必要跟名词,即在名词前作定语。如:这是我钢笔. 误This pen is my. 正This is my pen.d) 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词a，an或the来修饰名词。如:那是我自行车. 误That is my a bike. / That is a my bike. 正That is my bike.4 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词this，that，these或those来修饰名词。如:她们电脑在这儿。误Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.) 正Their computers are here. 注意：a) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词，或代词one。它总是单独出目前句中。 如：The umbrella is mine. He likes my pen. He doesnt like hers. b) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词 为防止反复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来替代“形容词性物主代词+名词”形式。 如：My bag is yellow，her bag is red，his bag is blue and your bag is pink. 为防止反复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow，hers is red，his is blue and yours is pink. c)名词性物主代词在使用方法上相称于省略了中心名词 -s属格构造. 如： Jacks cap 意为 The cap is Jacks. His cap 意为 The cap is his. d) 可以说 a friend of mine (ours，yours，hers，his，theirs)，=one of my friends；不过不能说 a friend of me (us，you，her，him，them)。e) 有时同一种构造用不用物主代词会导致含义变化。如：Dont lose heart. 别灰心 She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空1.Iateall_sandwichesyesterday.( I )CanIhaveoneof_?( you )2.Georgehaslost_ ( his )pen.AskMaryif（与否）shewilllendhim_. ( she )3.JackhasadogandsohaveI._(he)dogand_( I )hadafight (打架).4.Theteacherwantsyoutoreturnthatbookof_( he )5.Mr.andMrs.Greenandafriendof_arecomingtoseeus. ( they )6.WearegoingtoParistostaywithaFrenchfriendof_. (we )7.Thisisnt_knife._isgreen. ( she )8.Theseareyourbooks Kate.Put_inthedesk，please.(they )9._mustlookafter_things. ( you )10.WeiFang，isthat_ruler?Yes，its.( you )11.Theywantafootball.Give_thegreenone，please. ( they)12.ItsLinTaosbag.Giveitto_. ( he )13.Isthispencil-boxLiLeis?No，_isverynew. ( he )14.Thisboxistooheavy.Icantcarry_.( it )Dontworry，Let_( I )help_. ( you)15._isaboy_nameisMike.Mikesfriendslike_verymuch. ( he )16.Mysisterisin_room._isateacher. ( she )17.Janeisalittlegirl._motherisanurse. ( she )18.Wearein_classroom._classroomisbig. ( we)19.Myfatherandmotherareteachers._arebusy ( them)20.Youareapupil.Is_brotherapupil,too?( you )三.从括号内选用对旳代词填空1.Yourfootballclothesareonthedesk.Pleaseput_(they，them，their，theirs)away.2.(We，Us，Our，Ours)_EnglishteacherisMrs.Green. Wealllike_(she，her，hers).3.(I，Me，My，Mine)_cantgetmykite.Couldyouhelp_(I，me，my，mine)?4.Tomcantgetdownfromthetree. Canyouhelp_(he，him，his)?5.Wecantfindourbikes. Canyouhelp_(we，us，our，ours)?6.Theseare_(he，him，his)planes.Thewhiteonesare_(I，me，mine).四、用括号中恰当形式填空1 Arethese_（you）pencils?Yes，theyare_（our）.2 Whoseisthispencil?Its_（I）.3 Ilove_（they）verymuch.4 Sheis_（I）classmate.5 MissLioftenlooksafter_（she）brother.6 Arethese_（they）bags？No,theyarent_（their）.Theyare_（we）.四、反身代词使用方法1）定义：如人称代词一致，反身代词人称和数以及性要和它所指代名词或代词一致。2）反身代词句法功能反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时，重要用于加强被修饰词语气，可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。如：He himself was a doctor. (同位语) =He was a doctor himself.She is too young to look after herself. （宾语） I dont blame you，I blame myself(宾语).He cut himself when he was cooking.(宾语) That poor boy was myself.（表语） 注意：反身代词用于 be，feel，seem，look 等后作表语体现身体或精神所处状态。如：Ill be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好。 He doesnt feel himself today.Im not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒适。 考点：1. 反身代词在句中通常用作宾语。体现主语动作承受者或体现特性是自己自身。能跟反身代词作宾语动词常用有teach (教)，hurt (伤害)，dress (穿衣) 等。此外还常常考察反身代词作介词宾语，如by oneself等。2反身代词作同位语。 在句中通常用作名词、代词同位语，以加强名词或代词语气，意思是“自身，亲自”。如： I will do it myself. 我将亲自去做这件事。3反身代词固定搭配常用固定搭配有help oneself to(随便吃)，_(玩得开心)，_(伤到某人自己)，lose oneself in (迷恋，沉浸于)等。反身代词： 1. Those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself 2. Help _ to some fish，children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves 3. The film _ is very fun. A. its B. itself C. it D. its 4. Who teaches _ math? I teach _. A. your，my self B. you，myself C. you，me D. you，herself 5. The father will make _ a bike _. A. her，himself B. she，himself C. her，herself D. she，herself 6. 6. The scarf is _，she made it_. A. herself，her B. herself，hers C. hers，herself D. her，herself 7. . Liu Hulans death was great. She thought more of others than _. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself 8. Luckily，he didnt hurt _ terribly yesterday. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they 9. I cant mend my shoe _. Can you mend it for _?A. myself，me B. myself，I C. me，I D. I，me 10. I like watching _ in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself 五、互相代词使用方法英语互相代词只有each other和one another，它们在句中一般只用作宾语，不能用作主语或状语等。如：Students should help one another. 学生应当互相协助。We have known each other for many years. 咱们认识许近年了。注意：互相代词可以有所有格形式(each others，one anothers)。如：They often stay in one anothers house. 她们常常在彼此家里住。此外，有人认为 each other用于两者，one another用于三者，但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。六、 指示代词使用方法1 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如： 单数 复数限定词：This girl is Mary.Those men are my teachers.代 词：This is Mary. Those are my teachers.2 指示代词句法功能指示代词重要有四个，即this，that，these 和 those。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。This is my book.(主语) I want that.(宾语) My book is that.(表语) I like that dress.(定语)注意：1). 为防止反复，可用 that 和 those 替代前面提到名词。如：The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground)My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我座位在市长座位旁边。2). 用来回指上文提到事情时，可用this 或 that，不过若要指下文论述事情，一般要用 this。如： She is a beautiful girl. Who said that?I want to know this：Is she beautiful?我想懂得这一点：她美吗?3). 在打 时，通常用 this 指自己，用that指对方：Hello. This is Jim. Is that John?喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗?3. 除用作代词外，this 和that 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，意为“这样”、“那么”，相称于 so。如： Ive done only that much. 我所做就这样多。 Is he always this busy?她总这样忙吗?4. 指示代词this，that 和these在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其她句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。并且只有that、those背面可以跟定语从句。如：（对）That is my teacher.那是我教师。（that作主语，指人）（对）He is going to marry this girl.她要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）（错）He is going to marry this.（this作宾语时不能指人）（对）I bought this.我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语） He admired those who looked beautiful. 她赞赏那些外表漂亮人。（those指人）（错） He admired that who danced well.（that作宾语时不能指人）（对）He admired that which looked beautiful.她赞赏外表漂亮东西。指示代词：( ) 1 Whos that at the door?_ is the postman. A. She B. This C. It D. He( ) 2 -Whos that in the picture? A. Its me B. Thats I C. This is a boy D. Its I( ) 3 -Look，who is coming? -_ must be our English teacher. A. She B. He C. It D. This( ) 4 Someone is knocking at the door，but who can_ be?A. one B. he C. she D. it( ) 5 _ was late summer and the weather was very hot. A. That B. It C. This D. Its( ) 6 What time is _ now? A it B. all C. this D：that( ) 7 _ a heavy rain last night. A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is( ) 8 _ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car.A. There B. It C. This D. The place( ) 9 The man missed the bus. _ is why he was late for the meeting. A. It B. That C. This D. All( ) 10 He has to stay at home. _ he has a bad cold.A. This is because B. Thats why C. So is it D. The reason is( ) 11 -How many books are there on the table? -Only four.A. This is all right B. Thats all right C. Thats right D. It is all right七、疑问代词使用方法1. 疑问代词即指who，whom，whose，which，what等用于引出特殊疑问句代词。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：What did she say?她怎么说?Which are our seats?哪些是咱们座位?What are you worrying about?你为何事烦恼?注意：1. who和whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语，不用作定语；what，which，whose 则既可用作主语、宾语和表语，也可用作定语。2. what与 which使用方法区别：当选用范围较明确时，用 which；当选用范围不明确时，用 what。如：Which color do you like，red，black or white?红色、黑色和白色，你喜欢哪种？What color is your car?你汽车是什么颜色？ ( ) 1 _ is the best season of the year? A. When B. What C. Which D. What time( ) 2 -_ is your sister? -She is a nurse. A. What B. Which C. How D. Who( ) 3 -_ colour are your new shoes -They are brown. A. Any B. Whose C. Which D. What( ) 4 -_ is your classmate John like?-Hes very tall. A. How B. What C. Who D. Which( )5 _has happened and _ did it?A. Who；who B. What；who C. What；what D. Who；what( ) 6 Who waiting outside?Please ask them to come in. A. is B. has C. have D. are( ) 7 -_ is that man over there? -Hes Mr Green. A. What B. Which C. How D. Who( )8 -_ is the boy standing there? -He is my brother. A. Which B. What C. How D. Who( ) 9 Who _ the little American boy over there?A. were B. are C. is D.1 am( )10 Who_these tall men?A. is B. am C. are D. was( ) 11 _ one do you like，the blue one or the red one?A. What B. Which C. That D. This( ) 12 -_ is bigger? -The yellow one. A. who B. whom C. which D. It( )13 _ of you would like to go with us?A. Who B. Which C. All D. Both( ) 14 -_ bag is this? -Its Jacks. A. What B. Which C. Whose D. Whos( ) 15 -_ pencils are these? -They are theirs. A. Which B. Whose C. / D. These( )16 _ house is being repaired?A. what B. Where C. Who D. Whose( ) 17 Please find out _ he is looking after at home. A. who B. which C. whom D. when( )18 _ do you think you should help?A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Whom( ) 19 He told me _ he was sent for. A. whom B. that C. both D. Where八、 连接代词使用方法2. 连接代词重要波及who，whom，what，which，whose，whoever，whatever，whichever，whosever 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等（但who，whom，whoever 等不用于名词前作定语），重要用于引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。如：Ask him which he wants. 问她要哪一种。 The question is who can help us. 问题是谁能协助咱们。What he says sounds reasonable. 她说话听起来有道理。2. 关系代词型 what 使用方法。比较下列两句：I dont know what you like. 我不懂得你喜欢什么。 You can get what you like. 你想要什么就可得到什么。第一句中 what 体现“什么”；第二句中 what 则具有关系代词性质，相称于“先行词+关系代词”，体现“所一切事或东西”，如上面第二句 what就相称于 everything that。顺便说一句，这样用 what 有时还可后接一种名词。如：We gave him what (little) help we could. 咱们给了她咱们力所能及协助。3. whatever，whoever与whichever使用方法：它们可用于引导主语从句和宾语从句，也可用于引导让步状语从句。如：Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。Whatever she did was right. 她做一切都是对。Whoever you are，you cant enter. 不管你是谁，都不能进去。 Whichever side wins，I shall be happy. 不管哪边赢，我都会快乐。九、不定代词使用方法1 定义：不定代词是不指明替代任何特定名词或形容词代词。2 种类英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。3 不定代词句法功能（1）作主语，例： Both（of us） are right（咱们）两人都对。Either（of the answers） is correct 两个回答无论哪一种都对。 Neither（of the answers） is correct两个回答哪一种都不对。 Is everybody here？ 人们都到了吗？（2）作宾语，例： There is room for all of us. 咱们所有人全坐得下。 He gave two to each（of them）她给（她们）每人两个。 I like none of the books这些书我全不喜欢。 If you have any， give us some有话，给咱们一点。（3）作表语，例： Thats nothing 没什么。 Is that all you want to know? 你想懂得就是这些吗？ Thanks， its too much for me 谢谢，太多了。 Im not somebody，Im nobody 我不是重要人物，我是个无名小卒 Thats really something那真是一大收获。（4）作定语，例： You may take either road 两条路你走哪条都行。 Every room is clean and tidy 每一种房间都很整洁。 Everybodys business is nobodys business人人都管等于没人管。（谚）（5）作同位语，例： They b