资源描述
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.
While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.
Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.
Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.
1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured
、【答案】B concluded
【解析】 题干中，一系列研究已经_____，实际上，正常体重人患病风险要高于超重人。根据句义，背面部分实际上是研究结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)和意义相反，doubled(翻倍)和题意较远，ensured(保证)不符合题意，由于研究不能保证背面事 实，只能得出背面事实作为结论。因此对的答案为B。
2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome
、【答案】A protective
【解析】 题干中，对于某些健康状况，超重实际上是有_____。根据前文研究结论，超重能减少罹患疾病风险，阐明超重具有一定保护作用。Dangerous 和文章意思相反，sufficient表达充足，troublesome表达有麻烦，不符合题意，因此对的答案为A。
3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore
、【答案】C likewise
【解析】第三句话中，较重女人患缺钙比例低于较瘦女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入是和前半句表达顺接词 语。A选项instead表达逆接句意关系，B选项however也表达逆接，D选项therefore表达因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样 地;也，并且。因此对的答案为C。
4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example
、【答案】A indicator
【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，常常是健康_____。A选项，表达指示器，指标。B选项objective表达客观;C选 项origin表达来源，D选项example表达例子。根据前面文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康指标。因此对的答案为A。
5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern
、【答案】D concern
【解析】本句话句意是，需要愈加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。A、impact(印象);B、relevance(有关性);C、 assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。前文已经说到肥胖实际上有利健康，不过又面临一种问题，究竟怎样去定义肥胖，因此需要愈加关 注是对肥定义，其他选项均不符合题意，因此对的答案为D。
6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of
、【答案】A in terms of
【解析】题干中,肥胖常常______体质指数，或称为BMI来定义。A、in terms of ，根据……，就……而言。B、In case of 表达在某种状况下， C、in favor of 表达赞成，以……来替代，D、in respect of，有关……。因此对的答案为A。在医学研究和临床测试中常常使用BMI作为衡量受试者健康关键指标，期望考生可以记住这一背景知识，以便后来做题。
7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies
、【答案】C equals
【解析】本题题干中BMI_____体重除以身高平方，这里是用文字论述了BMI指数得出措施，也就是一种数学公式，因此equal符合题 意。A measure(测量)、B determine表达确定;D modify(修订)。句义就是BMI等于体重除以身高平方。
8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part
、【答案】C in turn
【解析】本题题干中，肥胖_____可以提成中度肥胖、重度肥胖和极度肥胖。A、in essence(实际上、实际上); B、in contrast (相反地);C、in turn(依次); D、in part (部分地)。本句是将肥胖依次分级，因此对的答案为C。
9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward
、【答案】D straightforward
【解析】题干中，相比之下，这样数字原则看起来_____，实际上不是。A、complicated (复杂);B、conservative(保守)、C、variable(可变);D、straightforward(直截了当);这里数字原则指 就是肥胖指数，肥胖指数分为三类，并且算法比较简朴，因此A复杂不对的，B选项保守，用于描述一种数学公式，不合适，一名患者或一名受试者BMI一般 是确定，因此可变也不符合题意，D选项straightforward表达直截了当，符合题意，因此对的答案为D。
?????? 10. [A] so [B] unlike [C] since [D] unless
【答案】B while
【解析】本句中，部分人有很高BMI，实际上身材恰好，_____其他人有较低BMI指数，也许_____。此前半句我们可以看出，有人 BMI指数很高，应当属于体重肥胖人，实际上身材恰好，这里阐明是反常现象，后半句是其他人BMI指数较低，而_____较差。A、so(所 以);B、while(而);C、since(由于);D、unless(除非)四个选项中只有while有转折含义，其他选项均不符合题意，因此对的 答案为B。
11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste
、【答案】A shape
【解析】本题可以简化为：Some … are fit, while others … may be in poor .不难看出，前后意义相反，且fit(体型健康)和in poor 对应，和之最有关是A shape(外形)，故为对的答案。"精神"、"均衡"、"品味"所有相差比较远，可以排除。
12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay
12、【答案】B qualify
【解析】本题顺应前文意义：有部分人体型很好，有人体型体型肥胖。接下来举例说有些专业足球运动员 是肥胖，"开始"不符;"处在"也不符合句意;"退休"内容无关;"被认为"符合句意，对的。
13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant
、【答案】C normal
【解析】本句不难理解：有人脂肪过高，不过BMI却 。所需词汇明显是正向，排除A、B;D属中性，且不符合句意，C(正常)契合，为对的答案。
14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency
、【答案】D tendency
【解析】本题解题关键是后半句：to stigmatize obesity(抵毁肥胖)，作为划线部分后置定语，将四个选项"选择""理由""机会""倾向"代入划线处，最符合句意是D(倾向)。背面一句也进 一步证明了(出目前媒体中肥胖者脸所有是打了马赛马)。
15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored
、【答案】b pictured
【解析】空格所在句提到了媒体，根据语境，上句讲到当今我们所有污蔑肥胖，因此本句意思应当是媒体污蔑肥胖，四个选项中，跟媒体有关系词汇只有b picture 意思为刻画，描写，描述。
16. [A] [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated
、【答案】D associated
【解析】空格所在句意思是和肥胖_____原型包括懒惰，缺乏意志力，对成功期望值不高。空格背面提到懒惰，缺乏意志力和对成功期望 值不高所有是和肥胖有关体现，分析四个选项，A. 和。。。相比;B 和。。。相结合;C. 和。。。和解;所有不符合题意，只有D和。。。相联络，有关符合句意。
17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only
、【答案】A even
【解析】空格所在句意思是_____小孩子蔑视超重，并且对身材讥笑一直是学校一种问题。本空格缺乏一种副词，根据语境记忆常识，此处应当填入表达让步关系词汇，分析四个选项，只有A even 虽然符合题意。
18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded
、【答案】D grounded
【解析】根据语境，空前讲到对肥胖负面态度，空后讲到对健康关注，
激发一批反肥胖____。本句没有出现任何转折词，阐明空前后所示意思是一致，反对肥胖，是基于对健康关注，分析四个选项，可以表达此意思词汇，只有选项D grounded,意思是基于。
19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies
、【答案】D policies
【解析】解答此题需要联络空格背面紧跟着句子。空后句子出现了一系列表达同一种语义场词汇，例如 hospital system ; ban; many employers institute, 指向意思是一种系统中所出台政策问题，浏览四个选项，D选项policies 符合题意，直接入选。
20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] without
、【答案】B against
【解析】本段专题是反对肥胖，本句话属于细节句子，用来支持这个专题，空格所在句讲到米歇尔奥巴马已经提议了一种高著名度_____小朋友 肥胖，甚至告诉奥兹博士，它代表了我们国家最大安全威胁。空格中缺乏词汇应当具有反对，对抗意思，纵观四个选项，只有B against 符合题意。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
Text 1
What would you do with 590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found for tune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton.
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly what was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly if they involve feeling more connected to others.
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obsession.
Readers of “HappyMoney” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger.Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
21. According to Dumn and Norton,which of the following is the most rewarding purchase?
[A]A big house
[B]A special tour
[C]A stylish car
[D]A rich meal
、【答案】B A special tour
【解析】细节题。答案定位在第二段"it is far better to spend money on experiences…like interesting trips…"，意思是"花钱消费在经历方面愈加好……，例如说有趣旅行……"，由此可以获悉答案是B选项"一场尤其旅行"。
22. The author’s attitude toward Americans’ watching TV is
[A]critical
[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
、【答案】A critical
【解析】见解态度题。答案定位在第三段"something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it"，意思是"一般美国人一年花两个月时间看电视，并且看电视几乎不也许更快乐"，因此可以获悉作者对于看电视态度是A选项"批判"。
23. Macrib is mentioned in paragraph 3 to show that
[A]consumers are sometimes irrational
[B]popularity usually comes after quality
[C]marketing tricks are after effective
[D]rarity generally increases pleasure
、【答案】D rarity generally increases pleasure
【解析】见解例证题。答案定位在第三段，文章中提到Mc Rib这个例子，用这个例子证明论点是"luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly"，大意是"有节制地消费奢侈品最令人愉悦"，D选项正是这句论点句同义替代。
24. According to the last paragraph,Happy Money
[A]has left much room for readers’criticism
[B]may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
[C]has predicted a wider income gap in the us
[D]may give its readers a sense of achievement
【答案】B may prove to be a worthwhile purchase
【解析】细节题。答案定位在最终一段最终一句"most people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent"，大意是"大多数人看完这本书后，认为物有所值"，因此可以推知B选项是对的答案。
25. This text mainly discusses how to
[A]balance feeling good and spending money
[B]spend large sums of money won in lotteries
[C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent
[D]become more reasonable in spending on luxuries
【答案】A balance feeling good and spending money
【解析】主旨题。纵观全文可知，全文关键谈论花钱消费和心情愉悦之间关系，因此答案定位在A选项。
Text 2
An article in Scientific America has pointed out that empirical research says that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a deep-seated need to feel good about ourselves and we naturally employ a number of self-enhancing strategies to research into what the call the “above average effect”, or “illusory superiority”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others—all obviously statistical impossibilities.
We rose tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem, we stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.
Psychologist and behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key studying into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather that have people simply rate their beauty compress with others, he asked them to identify an original photogragh of themselves’ from a lineup including versions that had been altered to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an automatic psychological process occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering image- which must did- they genuinely believed it was really how they looked. Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any evidence that, those who self-enhance the must (that is, the participants who thought the most positively doctored picture were real) were doing so to make up for profound insecurities. In fact those who thought that the images higher up the attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other makers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we having have are any evidence of personal delusion”, says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people generally thinking well of themselves’. If you are depressed, you won’t be self-enhancing. Knowing the results of Epley ‘s study,it makes sense that why people heat photographs of themselves Viscerally-on one level, they don’t even recognise the person in the picture as themselves, Facebook therefore ,is a self-enhancer’s paradise,where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of their wit ,style ,beauty, intellect and lifestyle it’s not that people’s profiles are dishonest,says catalina toma of Wiscon—Madison university ,”but they portray an idealized version of themselves.
26. According to the first paragraph, social psychologist have found that ______.
[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high
[B] illusory superiority is baseless effect
[C] our need for leadership is unnatural
[D] self-enhancing strategies are ineffective
、【答案】A our self-ratings are unrealistically high
【解析】题目问 "根据第一段，社会心理学家发现了什么?"对应于文章第一 段第三句"社会心理学家对所谓‘高于均数效应’或‘虚幻优越感’进行大量研究，发现我们中70%人认为自己领导力在平均水平之上……—这些数 据明显所有是不也许。"由此可知，我们对自己评价过高。故答案为[A] our self-ratings are unrealistically high。
27. Visual recognition is believed to be people’s______
[A] rapid watching
[B] conscious choice
[C] intuitive response
[D] automatic self-defence
【答案】C intuitive response
【解析】题目问"视觉识别被认为是大家什么?"对应于文章第三段第三句"视觉识别是自动心理过程，这个过程依托直觉迅速发生，且并不是故意。"由此可知，视觉识别被认为是大家直觉反应。故答案为[C] intuitive response。
28. Epley found that people with higher self-esteem tended to______
[A] underestimate their insecurities
[B] believe in their attractiveness
[C] cover up their depressions
[D] oversimplify their illusions
【答案】B believe in their attractiveness
【解析】题目问"Epley发现有更高自尊人倾向于怎样"。对应到第四段，第二句讲到"没有证据显示那些自我提高最多人这样做是为了掩饰自 己不安全，接着讲到：实际上，那些认为自己形象高于吸引力原则人就是那些体现出更高自尊人，故答案为[B] believe in their attractiveness。
29.The word “Viscerally”(Line 2,para.5
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