2023年经典雅思真题.doc

10Test 1LISTENINGSECTION 1Questions 1-10 Questions 1-4Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Notes on sports clubExampleAnswerName of club:KingswellFacilities available:Golf1 2 Classes available: Kick-boxing 3 Additional facility:4 (restaurant opening soon)11ListeningQuestions 5-8Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO NUMBERS for each answer.TypeUse of facilitiesCost of classesTimesJoining FeeAnnual Subscription FeeGOLDAllFreeAny time2505 SILVERAll6 from 7 to 225300BRONZERestricted3From 10.30 to 3.30 weekdays only508 Questions 9 and 10Complete the sentences below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. 9 To join the centre, you need to book an instructors.10 To book a trial session, speak to David(0458 95311).Test ISECTION 2Questions 11-20 Questions 11-16What change has been made to each part of the theatre?Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, AG, next to questions 11-16.RIVENDEN CITY THEATREA doubled in numberB given separate entranceC reduced in numberD increased in sizeE replacedF strengthenedG temporarily closedPart of the theatre11box office 12shop 13ordinary seats 14seats for wheelchair users 15lifts 16dressing rooms 1213ListeningQuestions 17-20Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.PlayDatesStarting timeTickets availablePriceRoyal HuntOctober 13th to18pmfor 1920 of the Sun17and14Test ISECTION 3Questions 21-30 Question 21Choose the correct letter A, B or C21 What is Brian going to do before the course starts?Aattend a classBwrite a reportCread a bookQuestions 22-25Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.College FacilityInformationRefectoryinform them 22about special dietaryrequirements23 long waiting list, apply nowCareers advicedrop-in centre for informationFitness centrereduced 24 for studentsLibraryincludes books, journals, equipment room containingaudio-visual materialsComputersask your 25to arrange a password withthe technical support team15ListeningQuestions 26-30Complete the summary below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Business CentreThe Business Resource Centre contains materials such as books and manuals to be used for training. It is possible to hire 26and 27There are materials for working on study skills (e.g. 28) and othersubjects include finance and 2930membership costs 50 per year.16Test 1SECTION 4Questions 31-40 Questions 31-37Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer:Social history of the East End of LondonPeriodSituationlst-4th centuriesProduce from the area was used to 31 thepeople of London.5th-10th centuriesNew technology allowed the production of goods made of32and 11th centuryLack of 33 in the East End encouragedthe growth of businesses.16th centuryConstruction of facilities for the building of34 stimulated international trade.Agricultural workers came from other parts of35 to look for work.17th centuryMarshes were drained to provide land that could be36 on.19th centuryInhabitants lived in conditions of great 37with very poor sanitation.17ReadingQuestions 38-40Choose THREE letters, AG.Which THREE of the following problems are mentioned in connection with 20th century housing in the East End?A unsympathetic landlordsB unclean waterC heating problemsD high rentsE overcrowdingFpoor standards of buildingG houses catching fire18Test 1READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.AUSTRALIASSPORTINGSUCCESSAThey play hard, they play often, and they play to win. Australian sports teams win more than their fair share of titles, demolishing rivals with seeming ease. How do they do it? A big part of the secret is an extensive and expensive network of sporting academies underpinned by science and medicine. At the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS), hundreds of youngsters and pros live and train under the eyes of coaches. Another body, the Australian Sports Commission (ASC), finances programmes of excellence in a total of 96 sports for thousands of sportsmen and women. Both provide intensive coaching, training facilities and nutritional advice.BInside the academies, science takes centre stage. The AIS employs more than 100 sports scientists and doctors, and collaborates with scores of others in universities and research centres. AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one such as building muscle strength in golfers to others, such as swimming and squash. They are backed up by technicians who design instruments to collect data from athletes. They all focus on one aim: winning. We cant waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that dont help the coach work with an athlete and improve performance, says Peter Fricker, chief of science at AIS.C A lot of their work comes down to measurement everything from the exact angle of a swimmers dive to the second-by-second power output of a cyclist. This data is used to wring improvements out of athletes. The focus is on individuals, tweaking performances to squeeze an extra hundredth of a second here, an extra millimetre there. No gain is too slight to bother with. Its the tiny, gradual improvements that add up to world-beating results. To demonstrate how the system works, Bruce Mason at AIS shows off the prototype of a 3D analysis tool for studying swimmers. A wire-frame model of a champion swimmer slices through the water, her arms moving in slow motion. Looking side-on, Mason measures the distance between strokes. From above, he analyses how her spine swivels. When fully developed, this system will enable him to build a biomechanical profile for coaches to use to help budding swimmers. Masons contribution to sport also includes the development of the SWAN (SWimming ANalysis) system now used in Australian national competitions. It collects images from digital cameras19Readingrunning at 50 frames a second and breaks down each part of a swimmers performance into factors that can be analysed individually stroke length, stroke frequency, average duration of each stroke, velocity, start, lap and finish times, and so on. At the end of each race, SWAN spits out data on each swimmer.D Take a look, says Mason, pulling out a sheet of data. He points out the data on the swimmers in second and third place, which shows that the one who finished third actually swam faster. So why did he finish 35 hundredths of a second down? His turn times were 44 hundredths of a second behind the other guy, says Masonlf he can improve on his turns, he can do much better: This is the kind of accuracy that AIS scientists research is bringing to a range of sports. With the Cooperative Research Centre for Micro Technology in Melbourne, they are developing unobtrusive sensors that will be embedded in an athletes clothes or running shoes to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athletes ability to run. Theres more to it than simply measuring performance. Fricker gives the example of athletes who may be down with coughs and colds 11 or 12 times a year. After years of experimentation, AIS and the University of Newcastle in New South Wales developed a test that measures how much of the immune-system protein immunoglobulin A is present in athletes saliva. If IgA levels suddenly fall below a certain level, training is eased or dropped altogether. Soon, IgA levels start rising again, and the danger passes. Since the tests were introduced, AIS athletes in all sports have been remarkably successful at staying healthy.EUsing data is a complex business. Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a competition model, based on what they expect will be the winning times. You design the model to make that time, says Mason. A start of this much, each free-swimming period has to be this fast, with a certain stroke frequency and stroke length, with turns done in these times: All the training is then geared towards making the athlete hit those targets, both overall and for each segment of the race. Techniques like these have transformed Australia into arguably the worlds most successful sporting nation.FOf course, theres nothing to stop other countries copying and many have tried. Some years ago, the AIS unveiled coolant-lined jackets for endurance athletes. At the Atlanta Olympic Games in 1996, these sliced as much as two per cent off cyclists and rowers times. Now everyone uses them. The same has happened to the altitude tent, developed by AIS to replicate the effect of altitude training at sea level. But Australias success story is about more than easily copied technological fixes, and up to now no nation has replicated its all-encompassing system.20Test 1Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, AF.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write the correct letter AF, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NBYou may use any letter more than once.1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated6 an overview of the funded support of athletes7 how performance requirements are calculated before an eventQuestions 8-11Classify the following techniques according to whether the writer states theyA are currently exclusively used by AustraliansB will be used in the future by AustraliansC are currently used by both Australians and their rivalsWrite the correct law A, B or C, in boxes 8-11 on your answer sheet.8 cameras9 sensors10 protein tests11 altitude tents21ReadingQuestions 12 and 13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 12 and 13 on your answer sheet.12 What is produced to help an athlete plan their performance in an event?13 By how much did some cyclists performance improve at the 1996 Olympic Games?22Test IREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.DELIVERINGTHEGOODSThe vast expansion in international trade owes much to a revolution in the businessof moving freightA International trade is growing at a startling pace. While the global economy has been expanding at a bit over 3% a year, the volume of trade has been rising at a compound annual rate of about twice that. Foreign products, from meat to machinery, play a more important role in almost every economy in the world, and foreign markets now tempt businesses that never much worried about sales beyond their nations borders.B What lies behind this explosion in international commerce? The general worldwide decline in trade barriers, such as customs duties and import quotas, is surely one explanation. The economic opening of countries that have traditionally been minor players is another. But one force behind the import-export boom has passed all but unnoticed: the rapidly falling cost of getting goods to market. Theoretically, in the world of trade, shipping costs do not matter. Goods, once they have been made, are assumed to move instantly and at no cost from place to place. The real world, however, is full of frictions. Cheap labour may make Chinese clothing competitive in America, but if delays in shipment tie up working capital and cause winter coats to arrive in spring, trade may lose its advantages.C At the turn of the 20th century, agriculture and manufacturing were the two most important sectors almost everywhere, accounting for about 70% of total output in Germany, Italy and France, and 40-50% in America, Britain and Japan. International commerce was therefore dominated by raw materials, such as wheat, wood and iron ore, or processed commodities, such as meat and steel. But these sorts of products are heavy and bulky and the cost of transporting them relatively high.D Countries still trade disproportionately with their geographic neighbours. Over time, however, world output has shifted into goods whose worth is unrelated to their size and weight. Today, it is finished manufactured products that dominate the flow of trade, and, thanks to technological advances such as lightweight components, manufactured goods themselves have tended to become lighter and less bulky. As a result, less transportation is required for every dollars worth of imports or exports.23ReadingE To see how this influences trade, consider the business of making disk drives for computers. Most of the worlds disk-drive manufacturing is concentrated in South-east Asia. This is possible only because disk drives, while valuable, are small and light and so cost little to ship. Computer manufacturers in Japan or Texas will not face hugely bigger freight bills if they import drives from Singapore rather than purchasing them on the domestic market. Distance therefore poses no obstacle to the globalisation of the disk-drive industry.F This is even more true of the fast-growing information industries. Films and compact discs cost little to transport, even by aeroplane. Computer software can be exported without ever loading it onto a ship, simply by transmitting it over telephone lines from one country to another, so freight rates and cargo-handling schedules become insignificant factors in deciding where to make the product. Businesses can locate based on other considerations, such as the availability of labour, while worrying less about the cost of delivering their output.G In many countries deregulation has helped to drive the process along. But, behind the scenes, a series of technological innovations known broadly as containerisation and inter-modal transportation has led to swift productivity improvements in cargo-handling. Forty years ago, the process of exporting or importing involved a great many stages of handling, which risked portions of the shipment being damaged or stolen along the way. The invention of the container crane made it possible to load and unload containers without capsizing the ship and the ado