2023年剑桥雅思真题版.doc

Test 1ListeningSECTION 1Questions 1-10Questions 1-6 Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD for each answer.SELF-DRIVE TOURS IN THE USAExampleName: Andrea Brown Address: 24 1 RoadPostcode: BH5 2OPPhone: (mobile) 077 8664 3091Heard about company from: 2 Possible self-drive toursTrip One: Los Angeles: customer wants to visit some 3 parks with her children Yosemite Park: customer wants to stay in a lodge, not a 4 Trip Two: Customer wants to see the 5 on the way to Cambria At Santa Monica: not interested in shopping At San Diego, wants to spend time on the 6 Questions 7-10 Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Numberof daysTotal distancePrice(per person)IncludesTrip One12 days7 km525 accommodation car one 8 Trip Two9 days980 km9 accommodation car 10 SECTION 2Questions 11-20Questions 11-12 Choose TWO letters A-E.Which TWO facilities at the leisure club have recently been improved?Athe gymBthe tracksCthe indoor poolDthe outdoor poolE the sports training for childrenQuestions 13-20Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Joining the leisure clubPersonal AssessmentNew members should describe any 13 The 14 will be explained to you before you use the equipment.You will be given a six-week 15 Types of membershipThere is a compulsory 90 16 fee for members.Gold members are given 17 to all the LP clubs.Premier members are given priority during 18 hours.Premier members can bring some 19 every month.Members should always take their 20 with them.SECTION 3Questions 21-30Questions 21-25Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.Global Design Competition21Students entering the design competition have toA produce an energy-efficient design.B adapt an existing energy-saving appliance.C develop a new use for current technology.22John chose a dishwasher because he wanted to make dishwashersAmore appealing.Bmore common.Cmore economical.23The stone in Johns Rockpool design is usedA for decoration.B to switch it on.Cto stop water escaping.24In the holding chamber, the carbon dioxideA changes back to a gas.B dries the dishes.Cis allowed to cool.25At the end of the cleaning process, the carbon dioxideA is released into the air.B is disposed of with the waste.Cis collected ready to be re-used.Questions 26-30Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer. John needs help preparing for his 26 The professor advises John to make a 27 of his design. Johns main problem is getting good quality 28 The professor suggests John apply for a 29 The professor will check the 30 information in Johns written report.SECTION 4Questions 31 -40Complete the notes below.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.THE SPIRIT BEARGeneral facts It is a white bear belonging to the black bear family. Its colour comes from an uncommon 31 Local people believe that it has unusual 32 They protect the bear from 33 Habitat The bears relationship with the forest is complex. Tree roots stop 34 along salmon streams. The bears5 feeding habits provide nutrients for forest vegetation. It is currently found on a small number of 35 Threats Habitat is being lost due to deforestation and construction of 36 by logging companies. Unrestricted 37 is affecting the salmon supply. The bears existence is also threatened by their low rate of 38 Going forward Interested parties are working together. Logging companies must improve their 39 f logging. Maintenance and 40 of the spirit bears territory is needed.READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.StepwellsA millennium ago, stepwells were fundamental to life in the driest parts of India. Richard Cox travelled to north-western India to document these spectacular monuments from a bygone eraDuring the sixth and seventh centuries, the inhabitants of the modern-day states of Gujarat and Rajasthan in north-western India developed a method of gaining access to clean, fresh groundwater during the dry season for drinking, bathing, watering animals and irrigation. However, the significance of this invention - the stepwell - goes beyond its utilitarian application.Unique to this region, stepwells are often architecturally complex and vary widely in size and shape. During their heyday, they were places of gathering, of leisure and relaxation and of worship for villagers of all but the lowest classes. Most stepwells are found dotted round the desert areas of Gujarat (where they are called vav) and Rajasthan (where they are called baori), while a few also survive in Delhi. Some were located in or near villages as public spaces for the community; others were positioned beside roads as resting places for travellers.As their name suggests, stepwells comprise a series of stone steps descending from ground level to the water source (normally an underground aquifer) as it recedes following the rains. When the water level was high, the user needed only to descend a few steps to reach it; when it was low, several levels would have to be negotiated.Some wells are vast, open craters with hundreds of steps paving each sloping side, often in tiers. Others are more elaborate, with long stepped passages leading to the water via several storeys. Built from stone and supported by pillars, they also included pavilions that sheltered visitors from the relentless heat. But perhaps the most impressive features are the intricate decorative sculptures that embellish many step wells, showing activities from fighting and dancing to everyday acts such as women combing their hair or churning butter.Down the centuries, thousands of wells were constructed throughout northwestern India, but the majority have now fallen into disuse; many are derelict and dry, as groundwater has been diverted for industrial use and the wells no longer reach the water table. Their condition hasnt been helped by recent dry spells: southern Rajasthan suffered an eight-year drought between 1996 and 2023.However, some important sites in Gujarat have recently undergone major restoration, and the state government announced in June last year that it plans to restore the stepwells throughout the state.In Patan, the states ancient capital, the stepwell of Rani Ki Vav (Queens Stepwell) is perhaps the finest current example. It was built by Queen Udayamati during the late 11th century, but became silted up following a flood during the 13th century. But the Archaeological Survey of India began restoring it in the 1960s, and today it is in pristine condition. At 65 metres long, 20 metres wide and 27 metres deep, Rani Ki Vav features 500 sculptures carved into niches throughout the monument. Incredibly, in January 2023, this ancient structure survived an earthquake that measured 7.6 on the Richter scale.Another example is the Surya Kund in Modhera, northern Gujarat, next to the Sun Temple, built by King Bhima I in 1026 to honour the sun god Surya. It actually resembles a tank (kund means reservoir or pond) rather than a well, but displays the hallmarks of stepwell architecture, including four sides of steps that descend to the bottom in a stunning geometrical formation. The terraces house 108 small, intricately carved shrines between the sets of steps.Rajasthan also has a wealth of wells. The ancient city of Bundi, 200 kilometres south of Jaipur, is renowned for its architecture, including its stepwells. One of the larger examples is Raniji Ki Baori, which was built by the queen of the region, Nathavatji, in 1699. At 46 meters deep, 20 metres wide and 40 metres long, the intricately carved monument is one of 21 baoris commissioned in the Bundi area by Nathavatji.In the old ruined town of Abhaneri, about 95 kilometers east of Jaipur, is Chand Baori, one of Indias oldest and deepest wells; aesthetically its perhaps one of the most dramatic. Built in around 850 AD next to the temple of Harshat Mata, the baori comprises hundreds of zigzagging steps that run along three of its sides, steeply descending 11 storeys, resulting in a striking pattern when seen from afar. On the fourth side, verandas which are supported by ornate pillars overlook the steps.Still in public use is Neemrana Ki Baoriy located just off the Jaipur-Delhi highway. Constructed in around 1700, it is nine storeys deep, with the last two being underwater. At ground level, there are 86 colonnaded openings from where the visitor descends 170 steps to the deepest water source.Today, following years of neglect, many of these monuments to medieval engineering have been saved by the Archaeological Survey of India, which has recognised the importance of preserving them as part of the countrys rich history. Tourists flock to wells in far-flung corners of northwestern India to gaze in wonder at these architectural marvels from hundreds of years ago, which serve as a reminder of both the ingenuity and artistry of ancient civilisations and of the value of water to human existence.Questions 1-5Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet, writeTRUEif the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1Examples of ancient stepwells can be found all over the world.2Stepwells had a range of functions, in addition to those related to water collection.3The few existing stepwells in Delhi are more attractive than those found elsewhere.4It took workers many years to build the stone steps characteristic of stepwells.5The number of steps above the water level in a stepwell altered during the course of a year.Questions 6-8Answer the questions below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 6-8 on your answer sheet.6Which part of some stepwells provided shade for people?7What type of serious climatic event, which took place in southern Rajasthan, is mentioned in the article?8Who are frequent visitors to stepwells nowadays?Questions 9-13Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheetStepwellDateFeaturesOther notesRani Ki VavLate11thcenturyAs many as 500 sculptures decorate the monumentRestored in the 1960sExcellent condition, despite the 9 of 2023Surya Kund1026Steps on the10 produce ageometrical patternCarved shrinesLooks more like a 11 than a wellRaniji Ki Baori1699Intricately carved monumentOne of 21 baoris in the area commissioned by Queen NathavatjiChand Baori850 ADSteps take you down 11 storeys to the bottomOld, deep and very dramaticHas 12 whichprovide a view of the stepsNeemrana Ki Baori1700Has two 13 levelsUsed by public todayREADING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-21Reading Passage 2 has nine paragraphs, A-l.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-E and G-l from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-xi, in boxes 14-21 on your answer sheet.List of HeadingsiAfresh and important long-term goaliiCharging for roads and improving other transport methodsiiiChanges affecting the distances goods may be transportedivTaking all the steps necessary to change transport patternsvThe environmental costs of road transportviThe escalating cost of rail transportviiThe need to achieve transport rebalanceviiiThe rapid growth of private transportixPlans to develop major road networksxRestricting road use through charging policies alonexiTransport trends in countries awaiting EU admission14ParagraphA19Paragraph G15ParagraphB20Paragraph H16ParagraphC21Paragraph I17ParagraphD18Paragraph EExample AnswerParagraph F viiEUROPEAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS1990-2023What have been the trends and what are the prospects for European transport systems?A It is difficult to conceive of vigorous economic growth without an efficient transport system. Although modern information technologies can reduce the demand for physical transport by facilitating teleworking and teleservices, the requirement for transport continues to increase. There are two key factors behind this trend. For passenger transport, the determining factor is the spectacular growth in car use. The number of cars on European Union (EU) roads saw an increase of three million cars each year from 1990 to 2023, and in the next decade the EU will see a further substantial increase in its fleet.B As far as goods transport is concerned, growth is due to a large extent to changes in the European economy and its system of production: In the last 20 years, as internal frontiers have been abolished, the EU has moved from a stock economy to a flow economy. This phenomenon has been emphasised by the relocation of some industries, particularly those which are labour intensive, to reduce production costs, even though the production site is hundreds or even thousands of kilometers away from the final assembly plant or away from users.C The strong economic growth expected in countries which are candidates for entry to the EU will also increase transport flows, in particular road haulage traffic. In 1998, some of these countries already exported more than twice their 1990 volumes and imported more than five times their 199Q volumes. And although many candidate countries inherited a transport system which encourages rail, the distribution between modes has tipped sharply in favour of road transport since the 1990s. Between 1990 and 1998, road haulage increased by 19.4%, while during the same period rail haulage decreased by 43.5%, although - and this could benefit the enlarged EU - it is still on average at a much higher level than in existing member states.D However, a new imperative - sustainable development