第6-消毒与灭菌.pptx

Disinfection and SterilizationI Concept1.disinfection-Killing pathogenic microorganism,mainly Meaning vegetative forms not spore.2.sterilization-Killing or removal of all microorganism,Including bacterial spore.3.bacteriostasis4.antisepsis5.asepsis-not including living bacteria-chemicals used to inhibit or kill microorganismsin vitro.-bacteriostat used to inhibit microorganismsin vivo or vitro.I Physical agents1.heat1)Mechanism-denaturing proteins-membrane or wall damage-enzymatic cleavage of DNA 2)dry-heat3)moist-heatPasteurization-be used primarily for milk Boiling-mainly for vegetative forms-1000C within 2-3minutesFractional sterilization-Autoclaving-most frequently used method of sterilization-pressure of 15 1b/in2,temperature of 1210Cfor 1520 minutes-Killing all microorganism,.Including spore2.Radiation-250260nm wavelength region of maximum 1)ultraviolet(UV)absorption by DNA-formation of thymine dimer,DNA replicationis inhibited-for air and surface of subjects-can damage cornea and skin2)X-ray3.Filtration-for sterilizing certain solutions withheat-sensitive components-physically trapping particles largerthan the pore sizeCourse of filtrationII Chemical agents1.Mechanism-disruption of the lipid-containing cell membrane-modification of proteins-modification of DNA2.Type of Disinfectant龙胆紫干扰氧化、抑制繁殖染料新洁而灭蛋白变性，细胞膜损伤表面活性剂过氧乙酸、碘酒氧化、蛋白沉淀氧化剂红汞、硫柳汞氧化、蛋白酶变性重金属盐高锰酸甲氧化、蛋白沉淀氧化剂乙醇蛋白变性醇类石炭酸蛋白变性，细胞膜损伤酚类常用种类常用种类作用机制作用机制类别类别用途用途使用浓度使用浓度种类种类皮肤消毒皮肤消毒3%5%碘酒碘酒皮肤消毒、手术部位消毒皮肤消毒、手术部位消毒3%5%硫柳汞硫柳汞手术洗手、浸泡手术器械手术洗手、浸泡手术器械3%5%新洁而灭新洁而灭皮肤、粘膜、小创伤消毒皮肤、粘膜、小创伤消毒3%5%红汞红汞皮肤、体温计消毒皮肤、体温计消毒3%5%乙醇乙醇浅表创伤消毒浅表创伤消毒3%5%龙胆紫龙胆紫塑料、玻璃器材消毒塑料、玻璃器材消毒3%5%过氧乙酸过氧乙酸皮肤、尿道、蔬菜、水果消毒皮肤、尿道、蔬菜、水果消毒3%5%高锰酸甲高锰酸甲地面、器具表面、皮肤消毒地面、器具表面、皮肤消毒3%5%石炭酸石炭酸3.use of Disinfectant4.Affected agents to disinfectiondisinfectanttypeconcen-trationtimebacteriaagetype environmentorganismtemperaturePH5.Selection of disinfectant low toxicitycheap low destroyeffectiveconvenienteasy to store