高考英语阅读理解细节理解题省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第1页【命题人点拨】【命题人点拨】考考查查重重点点 1.直接了解题。（信息可在原文中直接找到答案）2.语意转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上转换）备备考考策策略略 1.了解题干所问2.准确定位信息3.分析对比定选项第2页 细细节节了了解解题题在在高高考考中中占占有有较较大大百百分分比比，其其主主要要考考查查考考生生对对文文章章（或或某某一一段段落落）中中某一些特定某一些特定细节细节或文章主要事或文章主要事实实了解能力。了解能力。第3页一、命一、命题题特点特点 所所谓谓细细节节了了解解题题，是是指指原原文文提提到到了了某某事事物物、现现象象或或理理论论，题题干干针针对对原原文文详详细细叙叙述述本本身身发发问问。普普通通包包含含直直接接了了解解题题（在在原原文文中中可可直直接接找找到到答答案案，惯惯用用who,what,when,where,why和和how等等提提问问）、语语意意转转化化题题（需需要要将将题题目目信信息息与与原原文文相相关关信信息息进进行行语语意意上上转转换换，二二者者存存在在表表示示上上差差异异，有有时时需需要要进进行行加加工工或或整整理理后后方方能能得得出出结结论论）、数数字字计计算算题题、排排列列次次序序题题、图图表表图图画画题题等。等。第4页 其常其常见设问见设问方式有：方式有：1.Which of the following is/isnt true?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.4.All of the following statements may be true/false except.第5页5.Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of.?6.What does the writer pay least attention to?7.Which of the following is not the result of.?8.Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what.is like?9.The author mentions all of the following except.10.All of the following statements are true except.第6页【名师点睛】【名师点睛】1.细节细节了解了解题题解解题题策略策略（1）细细心心审题审题，直接依据，直接依据问题问题找答案。找答案。解解答答这这类类题题目目时时，无无须须通通篇篇细细读读全全文文，要要采采取取代代入入法法，即即带带着着问问题题在在原原文文中中寻寻找找答答案案，先先从从问问题题中中找找准准关关键键词词，然然后后进进行行信信息息定定位位，利利用用略略读读及及查读查读技巧快速在文章中技巧快速在文章中寻寻找相关信息。找相关信息。（2）变变通了解，通了解，间间接接转转述分析述分析选项选项。依依据据所所找找信信息息，分分析析选选项项，对对比比其其中中所所用用词词汇汇，进进行行变变通，防止通，防止误选误选答案。答案。第7页（3）多方）多方归纳归纳，综综合事合事实实定答案。定答案。细细节节了了解解题题有有时时考考查查不不是是单单一一信信息息，而而是是多多处处信信息息整整合合，这这时时要要有有足足够够耐耐心心，一一定定要要全全方方面面捕捕捉捉相相关关信信息息，进进行行综综合合分分析析、归归纳纳、切切不不可可草草率率地地进进行行选择选择。第8页2.细节细节了解了解题题干干扰项扰项特点特点（1）扩缩扩缩范范围围（2）张张冠李戴冠李戴（3）正）正误误并存并存（4）无中生有）无中生有（5）望文生）望文生义义（6）偷换偷换概念概念（7）文不）文不对题对题第9页3 3、命、命题题中主要采取以下几个干中主要采取以下几个干扰扰方法：方法：1.1.1.1.干干干干扰扰扰扰项项项项被被被被偷偷偷偷换换换换概概概概念念念念。干干扰扰项项与与原原句句极极为为相相同同，只只是是略略微有些微有些变动变动。望文生。望文生义义是造成是造成错误选择错误选择主要原因。主要原因。2.2.2.2.干干干干扰扰扰扰项项项项有有有有正正正正有有有有误误误误。一一些些干干扰扰项项中中，某某个个句句子子或或词词语语是是正正确确，其其它它分分句句或或词词语语是是错错误误或或表表示示不不全全方方面面，正正误误并并存存，命命题题者者借借此此以以假假乱乱真真。所所以以，只只要要一一个个选选项项局局部部有有误误或或选项选项不全方面，都是需要排除干不全方面，都是需要排除干扰项扰项。3.3.3.3.干干干干扰扰扰扰项项项项范范范范围围围围发发发发生生生生了了了了改改改改变变变变。有有些些干干扰扰项项是是经经过过改改变变或或去去掉限定掉限定词语词语，甚至是，甚至是扩扩大或大或缩缩小范小范围围方式来方式来误导误导考生。考生。考考生生在在答答题题时时一一定定要要提提防防上上述述干干扰扰手手法法，小小心心慎慎重重对对待。待。第10页3.各考点解各考点解题题策略策略（1 1）对对号入座号入座题题做做这这类类题题普普通通采采取取寻寻读读法法，即即先先读读题题，然然后后带带着着问问题题快快速速阅阅读读短短文文，找找出出与与问问题题相相关关词词语语或或句句子子，再再对对相相关关部部分分进进行行分分析析对对比比，找找出出答答案案。搞搞清清细细节节、准准确确获获取取信信息息，确定最正确答案。确定最正确答案。第11页二、考点分二、考点分类类【考点一】【考点一】对对号入座号入座题题 A study reported last fall suggests that having a pet dog not only raises your spirits but may also have an effect on your eating habits.Researchers at Northwestern Memorial Hospital spent a year studying 36 fat people and their equally fat dogs on diet-and-exercise programs;a separate group of 56 people without pets were put on a diet program.On average,people lost about 11 pounds,or 5%of their body weight.Their dogs did even better,losing an average of 12 pounds,more than 15%of their body weight.Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but,say researchers,got more exercise overallmostly with their dogsand found it worth doing.第12页Q：The research mentioned in the last paragraph reports that_.A.people with dogs did more exerciseB.dogs lost the same weight as people didC.dogs liked exercise much more than people didD.people without dogs found the program unhelpful第13页【思思绪绪剖剖析析】此此题题为为对对号号入入座座题题。属属于于直直接接事事实实了了解解。依依据据文文章章最最终终一一段段“Dog owners didnt lose any more weight than those without dogs but,say researchers,got more exercise overall.”可可知知，狗狗主主人人即即使使没没有有比比那那些些没没有有狗狗人人减减肥肥显显著著，不过他们做了更多运动，答案为不过他们做了更多运动，答案为A项。项。【答案】【答案】A第14页（2）是非判断）是非判断题题这这类类试试题题多多依依据据文文章章一一段段或或数数段段提提问问，考考查查考考生生在在现现实实生生活活中中阅阅读读技技能能，即即快快速速、准准确确寻寻找找所所需需信信息息能能力力。这这种种题题目目因因为为覆覆盖盖面面较较广广，搜搜索索定定位位时时间间较较长长，因因而而难难度度较较大大，轻轻易易给给考考生生带带来来心心理理压压力力。所所以以考考生生碰碰到到这这类类题题型型时时，首首先先要要调调整整心心理理状状态态，冷冷静静地地返返回回到到文文章章中中去去寻寻找找答答案案。在在解解题时题时可采取以下步可采取以下步骤骤：第15页读读懂懂题题干干和和四四个个选选项项内内容容，提提炼炼和和记记忆忆它它们们主主要要意意思思;带带着着问问题题去去阅阅读读文文章章，扫扫描描和和搜搜寻寻信信息息点点，与与题题目目不不相相关关句句子子和和语语段段很很快快擦擦过过，相相关关信信息息语语言言区区域域则则要要放慢速度，放慢速度，细细致地致地对对照原文和照原文和选项选项提供信息；提供信息；“对对号号入入座座”，找找到到解解题题范范围围后后，立立刻刻排排除除显显著著干干扰扰项项，然然后后“逐逐一一突突破破”，对对余余下下选选项项进进行行筛筛选选，使使选选项项范范围围越来越小，判断准确率越来越高。越来越小，判断准确率越来越高。第16页【考点二】【考点二】是非判断是非判断题题(山山东东高高考考)Christopher Thomas,27,was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast.Diagnosed with diabetes(糖糖尿尿病病),Thomas would need to inject himself with insulin(胰胰岛岛素素)three times a day for the rest of his life or risk nerve damage,blindness and even death.And if that werent bad enough,he had no health insurance.第17页 After a month of feeling upset,Thomas decided hed better find a way to fight back.He left Canton,Michigan for New York,got a job waiting tables,nicknamed himself the Diabetic Rockstar,and created ,a free online community for diabetics and their loved onesa place where over 1,100 people share personal stories,information and resources.第18页Q：Which of the following is true of Christopher Thomas?A.He needs to go to the doctor every day.B.He studies the leading cause of diabetes.C.He has a positive attitude to his disease.D.He encourages diabetics by writing articles.第19页【思思绪绪剖剖析析】由由第第一一段段第第一一句句“Christopher Thomas,27,was a writer by night and a teacher by day when he noticed he was always tired and was losing weight fast.”可可知知，他他写写作作是是在在检检验验出出得得病病之之前前事事，所所以以排排除除D项项；依依据据第第二二段段第第一一句句“After a month of feeling upset,Thomas decided hed better find a way to fight back.”以以及及下下文文建建立立网网站站能能够够看看出出，尽尽管管他他生生病病，但但对对疾病他有着主动向上态度。故疾病他有着主动向上态度。故C项正确。项正确。【答案】【答案】C第20页（3 3）语语语语意意意意转换题转换题转换题转换题细细节节题题主主要要考考查查考考生生对对某某句句话话或或某某几几句句话话了了解解，若若能能依依据据题题干干内内容容从从原原文文中中找找到到相相关关句句子子，然然后后进进行行比比较较和和分分析析，便便可可确确定最正确答案。定最正确答案。这这类类题题目目普普通通能能够够在在文文章章中中直直接接或或间间接接找找到到答答案案，不不过过不不可可能能与与阅阅读读材材料料一一模模一一样样，而而是是用用不不一一样样词词语语或或句句型型去去表表示示相相同同思思想想。比比如如：原原文文用用双双重重否否定定，选选项项用用必必定定句句式式;进进行行同同义义词词替替换换或或句句子子结结构构变变换换;或或原原文文与与选选项项交交换换反反义义词词等等等等。然然而而这这只只是是词词语语和和句句法法上上改改变变，意意思思是是一一致致。同同时时要要注注意意常常见见干干扰扰项项特点，以免落入陷阱。特点，以免落入陷阱。第21页【考点三】【考点三】语语意意转换题转换题（广广东东高高考考）When people handle food properly,the risk of food poisoning is very small.Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures.This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces.Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing.Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms.第22页People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it.Finally,people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild.Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans.In addition,some types of fish can be poisonous.第23页Q：From Paragraph 5,we can learn that_.A.mushrooms should not be eatenB.vegetables are safer than meat and seafoodC.natural poisons are more dangerous than chemicalsD.different types of food should be handled differently第24页【思思绪绪剖剖析析】依依据据第第五五段段，选选项项A说说蘑蘑菇菇不不能能吃吃，而而文文中中是是说说野野蘑蘑菇菇不不能能被被食食用用，所所以以错错误误；选选项项B在在文文中中未未被被提提到到；选选项项C说说因因为为吃吃了了本本身身有有毒毒食食物物而而中中毒毒比比化化学学物物质质造造成成中中毒毒更更严严重重，这这一一点点在在第第五五段段也也没没有有提提到到；所所以以选选项项D说说不不一一样样类类型型食食物物应应该该用不一样方法处理，是正确答案。用不一样方法处理，是正确答案。【答案】【答案】D第25页（4）逻辑逻辑排序排序题题逻逻辑辑排排序序题题要要求求考考生生依依据据动动作作发发生生先先后后次次序序和和句句子子之之间间逻逻辑辑关关系系，找找出出事事件件发发生生正正确确次次序序。此此种种题题目目要要利利用用首首尾尾定定位位法法，最最先先判判断断找找出出第第一一个个动动作作和和最最终终一一个个动动作作，快快速速缩缩小小选选择择范范围围，从而快速从而快速选选出正确答案。出正确答案。第26页【考点四】【考点四】逻辑逻辑排序排序题题（山山东东高高考考）The researchers designed a special cap for the user.This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头头皮皮)and sends them to a computer.The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized wheelchair.The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path.They help the computer react to commands from the brain.第27页Q：Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A.scalpcomputercapwheelchairB.computercapscalpwheelchairC.scalpcapcomputerwheelchairD.capcomputerscalpwheelchair第28页【思思绪绪剖剖析析】依依据据第第五五段段可可知知，首首先先研研究究人人员员为为用用户户设设计计一一个个特特殊殊帽帽子子，它它会会捕捕捉捉头头皮皮发发出出信信号号并并将将其其传传给给电电脑脑。电电脑脑将将这这些些信信号号进进行行分分析析翻翻译译，给给监监控控下下机机器器人人轮轮椅椅发发出出指指令令。机机器器人人轮轮椅椅装装有有两两部部摄摄像像头头能能识识别别信信号号路路径径中中物物体体，从从而而帮帮助助电电脑脑对对人脑指令做出反应。故此处人脑指令做出反应。故此处C 项正确。项正确。【答案】【答案】C第29页（5 5）图图图图形形形形识别题识别题识别题识别题在在含含有有图图表表识识别别题题阅阅读读了了解解中中，有有图图表表图图画画出出现现在在阅阅读读了了解解文文章章中中，有有出出现现在在选选项项中中，这这些些图图片片出出现现增增加加了了试试题题直直观观性性，同同时时也也暗暗含含着着和和文文章章内内容容相相关关信信息息。在在解解答答这这类类试试题题时时候候，一一定定要要把把握握图图表表图图画画中中所所暗暗含含信信息息，尤尤其其是是有有些些事事实实是是经经过过图图片片来来叙述，能叙述，能够够采取按采取按图寻图寻找正确答案方法。找正确答案方法。第30页【考点五】【考点五】图图形形识别题识别题（安徽高考）安徽高考）第31页Q：The chart shows that from to，_.A.the percentage of the Spanish families with a computer rose 35 pointsB.the percentage of the White families with a computer remained unchangedC.the number of the Black families with a computer was on the decreaseD.the number of the Asian families with a computer showed the sharpest increase第32页【思思绪绪剖剖析析】由由柱柱形形图图能能够够清清楚楚地地看看出出，拥拥有有电电脑脑亚亚洲洲家家庭庭数数量急剧增加，其它三项表述都与图表不符，故量急剧增加，其它三项表述都与图表不符，故D项正确。项正确。【答案】【答案】D第33页（6 6）数字）数字）数字）数字换换换换算算算算题题题题这这类类题题普普通通为为直直接接年年代代、数数字字对对应应查查找找，有有时时也也会会出出现现要要求求对对年年代代或或数数字字进进行行计计算算考考题题。对对前前者者，可可依依据据文文中中信信息息较较快快地地确确定定答答案案；对对后后者者，首首先先要要搞搞清清题题干干是是怎怎么么问问，然然后后依依据据其其内内在在逻逻辑辑关关系系对对年年代代和和数数字字进进行行分分析析和和计计算算，得得出出正正确确答答案案。在在做做这这类类题题时时，还还要要注注意意搞搞清清单单位位之之间间换换算算关关系系，防防止止出出现现计计算算错错误误。第34页【考点六】【考点六】数字数字换换算算题题（四四川川高高考考）The three shipsthe MV Prantalay 11，12，and 14had 77 members on board in total.All of them are Thai,the spokesman said.Before the Sunday robbing，pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.第35页Q：How many sailors were held by the pirates up to the time of the report?A.228.B.77.C.383.D.305.【思思绪绪剖剖析析】依依据据倒倒数数第第二二段段“.had 77 members on board in total.”和和“Before the Sunday robbing,pirates held 11 ships and 228 sailors.”可知答案为可知答案为D项。项。【答案】【答案】D 第36页 似是而非，不求甚解似是而非，不求甚解 Coming in a close secondand often wrongly mentioned as the most distant landis Easter Island,which lies 1,260 miles east of its nearest neighbor,Pitcairn Island,and 2,300 miles west of South America.第37页 The mountainous 64-square-mile island was settled around the 5th century,supposedly by people who were lost at sea.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than 1,000 huge stone figures,called moai,for which the island is most famous.第38页Q：Which of the following is most famous for moai?A.Tristan da Cunha.B.Pitcairn Island.C.Easter Island.D.St.Helena.第39页【思思绪绪剖剖析析】（1）分分析析题题干干可可知知，因因moai 而而闻闻名名是是一一座座岛岛屿屿(the island)，所所以以解解题题关关键键就就在在于于找找到到上上文文最最终终一一句句话话中中the island 详细所指。详细所指。（2）上上文文第第一一段段，出出现现了了两两个个岛岛名名字字：Easter Island和和Pitcairn Island，深深入入分分析析句句子子结结构构可可知知，主主语语为为Easter Island，而而Pitcairn Island出出现现在在which引引导导非非限限制制性性定定语语从从句句中中，是是和和Easter Island相邻岛屿。相邻岛屿。第40页 所所以以下下段段中中出出现现The mountainous 64-square-mile island和和最终一句中最终一句中the island指也是指也是Easter Island，故正确答案为，故正确答案为C。【答案】【答案】C【名名师师点点拨拨】解解答答针针对对定定语语从从句句设设置置细细节节题题时时，考考生生一一定定要要认认真真分分析析句句子子结结构构,联联络络上上下下文文,搞搞清清楚楚关关系系词词所所指指代代对对象象，准准确确答题。答题。第41页 粗心大意，粗心大意，审题审题不不严严 Wang Hao,who won the mens doubles title with Chen Qi last Monday,played with spirit to beat Wang Liqin 11-9,13-11,11-5,11-9.Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness that made the difference.“I was disappointed by my performances in past championships and the last two Olympic Games.But I have tried to pull myself together and prepared well.This is the result.”第42页 Wang Hao said he had always understood the importance of physical training and technical skills.Now he knows the need for mental preparation as well.Having two Olympic silvers had left him feeling bitter(痛痛苦苦).The bitterness perhaps explains why he has not always played at his best in the past.第43页Q:From Wang Hao,we can know the main reason for his beating Wang Liqin is_.A.his technical skills B.his physical trainingC.his mental toughness D.his past experience第44页【思思绪绪剖剖析析】（1）依依据据原原文文“Wang Hao said it was his mental toughness that made the difference.”可可知知即即使使在在后后续续文文章章中中也也提提到到了了his technical skills；his physical training；his past experience但都不是本题所要选择正确答案。但都不是本题所要选择正确答案。（2）错错选选原原因因是是没没有有抓抓住住细细节节了了解解题题重重点点，审审题题不不细细，忽忽略略了题干中关键词了题干中关键词main。【答案】【答案】C 第45页【名名师师点点拨拨】对对于于细细节节了了解解题题选选项项选选择择，一一定定要要了了解解题题干干，找找出题干中出题干中关键词关键词，然后进行排除，以防以次代主，文不对题。，然后进行排除，以防以次代主，文不对题。第46页 自自认为认为是，脱离原文是，脱离原文 How do people climb the wall?To climb，you need special shoes and harness(保保护护带带)around your chest to hold you.There are ropes tied to your harness.The ropes hold you in place so that you dont fall.A beginners wall is usually about 15 feet high，and you climb straight up.There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to.Sometimes its easy to see the new piece of metal.Sometimes，第47页its not.The most difficult is to control your fear.Its normal for humans to be afraid of falling，so its difficult not to feel fear.But when you move away from the wall，the harness and the ropes hold you，and you begin to feel safe.You move slowly until you reach the top.第48页Q:The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is _.A.to tie ropes to your harness B.to control your fearC.to move away from the wall D.to climb straight up【思思绪绪剖剖析析】从从倒倒数数第第三三句句“Its normal for humans to be afraid of falling,so its difficult not to feel fear.”可可知知人人们们在在攀攀墙时极难控制自己恐惧。墙时极难控制自己恐惧。【答案】【答案】B【名名师师点点拨拨】细细节节了了解解题题可可经经过过查查读读法法进进行行了了解解，不不过过答答案案依依据一定要忠实于原文，不能凭自己主观感觉进行选择。据一定要忠实于原文，不能凭自己主观感觉进行选择。第49页二、解答技巧二、解答技巧 细细节节是是围围绕绕主主题题展展开开，是是对对中中心心主主题题深深入入表表示示。细细节节题题是是针针对对原原文文提提到到某某个个事事物物、现现象象或或理理论论考考查查。细细节节题题S S主主要要考考查查考考生生是是否否能能在在快快速速阅阅读读文文章章同同时时，从从中中获获取取一一些些特特定定直直接接信信息息或或了了解解特特定定信信息息意意义义。有有些些题题是是考考查查原原文文细细节节本本身身，有有些些是是考考查查一一些些细细节节在在文文中中意意义义。细细节节题题主主要要表表现现为为以以下下几几个个：对对事事实实细细节节是是非非判判断断、年年代代和和数数字字及及其其计计算算、事事实细节实细节排序等。排序等。第50页 依依据据细细节节了了解解题题考考查查特特点点，我我们们在在解解答答细细节节了了解解题题时时通常采取以下解通常采取以下解题题技巧：技巧：1.1.信息信息验证验证法法 细细节节了了解解题题多多数数是是对对详详细细信信息息考考查查，我我们们能能够够将将信信息息分分为为两两类类直直接接信信息息和和间间接接信信息息。直直接接信信息息类类考考题题，其其答答案案与与原原文文中中含含有有相相关关信信息息句句子子在在用用词词上上几几乎乎相相同同，考考生生只只需需找找到到原原文文信信息息就就能能处处理理问问题题；而而间间接接信信息息要要复复杂杂一一些些，在在原原文文中中找找不不到到与与正正确确选选项项相相近近词词、句句，选选项项信信息息往往往往与与原原文文信信息息表表示示形形式式不不一一样样。这这就就需需要要对对原原文文相相关关信信息息认认真真了了解解，这这个个了了解解可可能能牵牵扯扯到到对对某某一一句句话话或或一一些些句句子子了了解解。考考生生在在了了解解其其意意义义时时，一一定定要要捕捕捉捉到到关关键键性性词词，要要认认真真、周全地考周全地考虑虑才能才能选选出正确答案。出正确答案。第51页(江西江西B)片段片段Why it happened As the paper burns,it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen(air)in the bottle.The egg acts as a seal in the neck of the bottle,so no more air can get inside.This reduces the air pressure inside the bottle.The air pressure must equalize,so more air from outside must enter the bottle.The outside air presses against the egg and then the egg is pushed into the bottle!This proves that air is all around and that it is pressing down on us.第52页Q1:In the experiment the burning inside the bottle can _.A.equalize the air pressure inside and outsideB.make a seal in the neck of the bottleC.finish up the oxygen inside the bottleD.produce more oxygen inside the bottle【解解析析】选选C。间间接接事事实实细细节节题题。此此段段第第一一句句“As the paper burns,it needs oxygen and uses up the oxygen(air)in the bottle.”中中没没有有利利用用与与题题干干选选项项中中相相同同动动词词短短语语finish up（用用光光，耗耗尽尽），不不过过use up（用用尽尽，耗耗尽尽）与与finish up意意思重合。思重合。第53页Q2:How did the egg get into the bottle?A.The oxygen inside the bottle sucked t